scholarly journals Juridical Analysis of the Amount of Diyat Toward Armed Conflict Victims in Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Munawarsyah Munawarsyah ◽  
Januddin Januddin ◽  
Muhammad Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Responsible Party ◽  
Standard Concept

Islamic criminal law recognizes a kind of punishment called as diyat (compensation) for victims of murder and torture which has been apologized by the victim or family of victim. Diyat is amount of money or properties that should be paid by the perpetrator due to the death or damage of victim body. The legal basis for the determination of diyat can be found in Koran, chapter Al-Baqarah verse 178. Apart from that, there is Hadist of Muhammad Prophet written by Abu Dawud (peace be upon him), explaining the amount of diyat based on crime category whether murder or torture.Aceh Governance has implemented this kind of punishment as a solution on criminal offences in realizing and fulfilling justice for armed conflict victims since 2002. In providing the policy of such payment for the victims in Aceh is based on the assumption that they are under the responsibility of state, therefore the government has determined the compensation on them. The amount of the compensation provided for the victims is not equal to the amount ruled by Islamic criminal law. Therefore, it is interesting to explore regarding the concept becoming the basic for determining it by Aceh Government, and compared it to the amount ruled by the law.The research reveals that the sum of money for the compensation of what called diyat based on Islamic criminal law is the standard concept but it can be replaced by sum of money or properties that have equal price. The basic rules for this punishment in Islamic criminal law can be found in Al-Baqarah verse 178 of Koran. Moreover, regarding the sum of payment that should be provided can be found in Hadith of Prophet of Muhammad Peace be upon him which is told by Imam Abu Daud, mercy Allah for him. Practically, in Islamic criminal law the court, responsible persons and a due date for the payment must decide it.  The rule consisting in the Islamic law is really different from the implementation of compensation done by Aceh Government towards the victims in Aceh. It is recommended that the Aceh Government should realize the rules of the sum of compensation that should be received by the victims or the families based on the determination of the Court as a legal basis. In addition, the Central government as the main responsible party in repairing the condition of the society after the conflict should become the priority and absolute. The law enforcement in fulfilling the rights in Aceh should be done by involving some parties especially priest. Hence the society of the victims in Aceh obtains justice and legal certainty to get their rights.

scholarly journals Hukuman Mati Bagi Koruptor Pada Saat Keadaan Tertentu (Pandemi COVID-19) Perspektif Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Dahyul Daipon
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Government

The current condition of the Covid-19 pandemic is a time where almost everyone feels social and economic difficulties. Communities whose regions apply restrictions/quarantines are highly dependent on assistance from the government. This paper is a study and analysis of one question how the death penalty can be applied to perpetrators of corruption during the Covid-19 outbreak or pandemic. In the criminal law that applies in Indonesia, the death penalty for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption is contained in Article 2 paragraph 2 of Law no. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. Meanwhile, in Islamic law, corruption is categorized as jarimah ta'zir. The results of this study conclude that during a pandemic, the death penalty can be applied to corruptors in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of the Anti-Corruption Law and the provisions of Islamic criminal law as jarimah ta'zir. There are fundamental differences in the application of the death penalty for corruptors according to positive law and Islamic criminal law, especially with regard to the conditions required for the imposition of the death penalty. Even though this seems cruel according to human rights supporters, this needs to be a concern for all law enforcers so that they can carry out strict law enforcement against perpetrators of corruption crimes during the pandemic.

The Legal Framework of Islamic Criminal Law in Aceh with refer-ence to Application, Challenges and Way Forward (Kerangka undang-undang jenayah Islam di Aceh merujuk kepada aplikasi, cabaran dan jalan kehadapan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-314
Author(s):  
Ramizah Wan Muhammad ◽  
Khairunnasriah Abdul Salam ◽  
Afridah Abbas ◽  
Nasimah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Administration ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
And Training

Aceh is a special province in Indonesia and different from other Indonesian provinces especially in the context of Shari'ah related laws. Aceh was granted special autonomy and legal right by the Indonesian central government in 2001 to fully apply Islamic law in the province. Generally, Islamic law which is applicable to Muslims in Indonesia is limited to personal laws just as in Malaysia. However, with the passage of time, Islamic law has expanded to include Islamic banking and finance. Besides that, Islamic law in Aceh is also extended to govern criminal matters which are in line with the motto of Aceh Islamic government to apply Islamic law in total or kaffah. Since 1999, the legal administration of Aceh has begun to gradually put in place the institutional framework to ensure that Islamic law is properly administered and implemented. Equally important, such framework is also aimed to ensure that punishments are fairly executed. This paper attempts to analyse the extent of the applicability of Islamic criminal law in Aceh. It is divided into three major parts. The first part discusses the phases in making Aceh an Islamic province and the roles played by Dinas Syariat Islam Aceh as the policy maker in implementing Islamic law as well as educating and training the public about the religion of Islam. The second part gives an overview on the Islamic criminal law and punishment provided in Qanun Aceh No.6/2014 on Hukum Jinayat (hereinafter Qanun Hukum Jinayat or “QHJ”) as well as the criminal procedural law concerning the methods of proof codified in Qanun Aceh No.7/2013 on Hukum Acara Jinayat (hereinafter “QAJ”). The third part of this paper highlights the challenges in the application and implementation of Islamic criminal law in Aceh, and accordingly provides recommendations for the improvement of the provisions in the QHJ and QAJ. Inputs from the interviews with the drafters of QHJ, namely Prof. Dr. Hamid Sarong and Prof. Dr Al Yasa are utilized in preparing this paper. In addition, inputs gathered from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), namely Indonesian Syarie Lawyers Association (APSI) and Jaringan Masyarakat Sipil Peduli Syariah (JMSPS) are employed. The findings of this research are important in providing an in-depth understanding on the framework of Islamic criminal law in Aceh as well as in recognizing the flaws in its application or practical aspects of the law in Aceh. Keywords: Islamic law, Aceh, Administration, Punishment. Abstrak Aceh merupakan sebuah Wilayah Istimewa di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan wilayah-wilayah lain dari segi pelaksanaan undang-undang Islam. Aceh diberi status Wilayah Istimewa yang berautonomi oleh Pemerintah Pusat Indonesia pada tahun 2001 untuk melaksanakan undang-undang Islam secara menyeluruh. Pemakaian dan pelaksanaan undang-undang Islam di Aceh tidak terhad pada Undang-undang jenayah tetapi telah meliputi bidang perbankan dan kewangan Islam. Sejak tahun 1999, Pentadbiran Undang-undang Aceh telah merangka undang-undang bagi memastikan undang-undang Islam dapat ditadbir dan dilaksanakan dengan baik. Selain itu juga, undang-undang yang dirangka juga turut bertujuan untuk memastikan hukuman yang berasaskan undang-undang Islam dapat dilaksanakan secara adil. Oleh itu, kajian dalam kertas kerja ini dibuat uuntuk menganalisa sejauh mana undang-undang jenayah Islam dilaksanakan di Aceh. Kertas ini terbahagi kepada tiga bahagan utama, yang mana bahagian pertama membincangkan latas belakang awal kewujudan wilayah Islam Aceh dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh Dinas Syariat Islam Aceh sebagai mpembuat dasar dalam pelaksanaan undang-undang Islam, mendidik serta menyediakan latihan kepada masyarakat umum di Aceh mengenai Islam. Bahagian kedua menyediakan gambaran umum tentang undang-undang jenayah dan hukuman dalam Islam sebagaimana termaktub dalam Qanun Aceh No.6/2014 berkenaan Hukum Jinayat (“Qanun Hukum Jinayat” atau “QHJ”) serta undang-undang prosedur jenayah berkenaan cara pembuktiaan jenayah sebagaimana yag termaktub dalam Qanun Aceh No.7/2013 berkenaan Hukum Acara Jinayat (“QAJ”). Bahagian ketiga kertas ini menekankan masalah atau cabaran yang dihadapi daam pelaksanaan undang-undang jenayah Islam di Aceh, serta menyediakan cadangan-cadangan bagi penambahbaikan peruntukan-peruntukan yang ada dalam QHJ dan QAJ. Maklumat hasil dari temuramah dengan Prof. Dr. Hamid Sarong dan Prof. Dr Al Yasa telah digunakan bagi menyiapkan makalah ini. Selain itu, maklumat yang diperolehi daripada organisasi bukan kerajaan iaitu Indonesian Syarie Lawyers Association (APSI) dan Jaringan Masyarakat Sipil Peduli Syariah (JMSPS) turut dimanfaatkan. Dapatan dari kajian ini penting bagi menyediakan kefahaman terhadap kerangka undang-undang jenayah Islam di Aceh serta mengenal pasti masalah dalam aspek peruntukan undang-undang tersebut atau pelaksanaannya di Aceh. Kata Kunci: Undang-undang Islam, Aceh, Pentadbiran, Hukuman.

The ‘Soul of an Army’: A Defence of Military Court Trials for Violations of the Law of Armed Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Conor Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Large Body ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
International Forum ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict

Military justice as a body of law was subject to much criticism in the preceding decades before undergoing significant reforms to ensure that fair trial rights could be achieved. However, modern military justice systems are appropriate mechanisms for addressing law of armed conflict (LOAC) violations committed by service members. It is argued that the goals of military justice are consistent with LOAC, and that military justice has a valid legal basis to try violations. Such trials have a large body of precedent. The purported disadvantages of military trials are sufficiently mitigated to prevent cover-ups and unfair trials. Furthermore, military justice offers several benefits that cannot be achieved in a civilian or international forum. It is concluded that although military legal systems are imperfect, their role in the enforcement of international criminal law is worthy of further debate.

scholarly journals PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PERTANAHAN PADA KAWASAN PARIWISATA LOMBOK (STUDI KASUS TANAH TERLANTAR DI GILI TRAWANGAN LOMBOK)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Asikin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
The People ◽  
Agrarian Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lombok Island

This research is aimed at exploring an appropriate solution for various conflicts in land use, particularly in optimizing the utilization of the neglected land in Gili Terawangan, Lombok Island.  This solution is required to avoid potential horizontal conflicts among people, companies and government since 1993. Conflict over land in Lombok Island in general and Gili Terawangan particularly shows several factors; first, the wrong policy in the area of land (especially in tourist areas); second, the infirm attitude of the Party and the Government Land Office in the enforcement of laws; third, the jealousy of Gili Terawangan natives as cultivators; fourth, less responsibility employers (who acquire cultivating right); fifth, the absence of law protection for Gili Terawangan natives; sixth, the arrogant attitude of law enforcement officers. The comprehensive and final resolution to the conflicts of land use could only be achieved if: (i) the people, who already control and use or manage the land from time to time, are provided certainty on managing and optimizing the land based on the principles of welfare, justice, equity, efficiency and sustainability; (ii) the selection and determination of the companies that will be granted the right to cultivate (HGU) and the right to build (HGB) should be conducted based on the transparent principle. In this respect, the government could establish an independent team that involves all components of society and higher education.Key words: land dispute, tourism area, agrarian law.

scholarly journals The Value of Local Wisdom in the Contextualization of Budgeting in Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Delfi Suganda ◽  
Teguh Murtazam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Broad Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Value

Aceh Province is a special area. Acts No. 11 of 2006 concerning theGovernment of Aceh provides freedom in terms of managing the government,especially regarding the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh. Islamic Shari’a isnot only understood as a rule that regulates education, but also about regulation ingovernment management in Aceh. One part of the government is about compilingregional spending in Aceh. This research is focused on budgeting which will becontextualized with Acehnese values, namely the local value of implementingIslamic law in Aceh. Priority indicators for a budget arrangement so that theyfulfill the requirements as ideal budgets according to Islam (Islamic budget ideal).In terms of substance, this research is classified into qualitative research, whichfocuses on the depth and sharpness of the study. So if more quantitative researchis on a broad, broad framework, the qualitative study is digging, swooping, anddeep. Islamic budgeting is a value that in this context wants to be included in thebudget in South Aceh. Based on the results of the study it was found that in terms ofthe determination of post-expenditure it is possible to include the values of IslamicShari’a. In this case the post expenditure is based on maqasid as-Syari’iyah. Interms of revenue, only zakat, shadaqah, and infaq are possible to be contextualized.As for ‘usyr, rikaz, etc., it is not possible because regional revenues from the fiscalside are regulated so rigid in state regulations  

scholarly journals Analisis Kedudukan Adat dalam Hukum Waris Islam dan Hindu Beserta Implikasinya

AL-HUKAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Zakiyatul Ulya
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Inheritance Law

Tradition/’urf is recognized by Islamic law as a legal basis with several conditions. While the use of tradition in the distribution of inheritance is not justified because it is contrary to the provisions of Islamic inheritance which are qat‘iyah al-dilalah and qat‘iyah al-wurud. The distribution based on tradition that can be done with the agreement of the heirs, after knowing their respective parts and no one is harmed, as in article 183 of KHI. Tradition in Hindu is recognized as a source of law, which becomes law and also applies as a law with conditions that are appropriate with atmavan. The position of tradition in inheritance law has been recognized and legalized its enforcement in an area, varna, company or village based on Sloka 40 parts 60 chapter 7, Artas#astra book. Both Islamic and Hindu laws create tradition as the basis for law enforcement. The use of tradition in the distribution of inheritance is not justified by Islam because of it contradicts with Syara’ argument. However, the distribution based on tradition can be done with the agreement of the heirs, according to article 183 of KHI. In contrast, Hindu law legalizes customary enforcement in an area, varna, company or village as inheritance law based on Sloka 40 parts 60 chapter 7, Artas#astra book.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN SANKSI PIDANA DALAM PERUNDANG--UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASIUNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI UNDANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Eman Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The One ◽  
Level Of Understanding

<p>Abstract</p><p><span>The use of criminal sanctions as the main sanction has indicated the extent to<br /><span>which the level of understanding of the legislators to the problem of "crime and<br /><span>punishment". At least show that the limited understanding of the use of criminal<br /><span>sanctions also affect the determination of criminal sanctions in administrative<br /><span>law. "Errors" in the formulation of the implications for the difficulty and<br /><span>confusion in the law enforcement, because there is a gap of two disciplines,<br /><span>namely the criminal law on the one hand and on the other hand administrative<br /><span>law, which has its own procedural law. This confusion will lead to ambiguity in<br /><span>the resolution of cases of violation of administrative law contains criminal<br /><span>sanctions, whether enforcement will be carried out by law enforcement agencies<br /><span>within the criminal justice sisitem or whether officials of the state administration<br /><span>in the sphere of administration? Such circumstances, of course, will lead to the<br /><span>existence of legal uncertainty for the community.<br /><span>Kata Kunci: <em>sanksi pidana, hukum pidana, hukum administrasi</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Legal Research on the Right to Rest of Laborers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In 2015, the central government issued a document on building the harmonious labor relations, which emphasized the right to rest of workers and rectified the current severe imbalance of labor relations. This document released a signal to guarantee the sustainable development of the labor force for the future. These measures, such as relative departments perfecting the legislation and law enforcement, the trade union performing their duties actively, employing units and workers raising their awareness and enhancing mutual understanding and branches of the government cooperating, can realize the right to rest of workers to the greatest extent possible.

THE FORMATION OF SPECIAL RIGIDITYAS A THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CONCEPT

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
A. G. Menshikova ◽  
E. I. Dumanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The article provides a historical analysis of the legislative consolidation of the sign of «special cruelty» and related categories. The legal role of this feature at different stages of the formation of criminal law is determined. The authors consider scientific ideas regarding the interpretation of the concepts of «special cruelty», «torture», «torture» and other forms of cruel behavior in the doctrine of criminal law and law enforcement practice of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. In conclusion, the continuity of the norms of the current criminal law in the application and determination of the sign of «special cruelty» is revealed, similar features and significant differences are determined.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI NAFKAH IDDAH PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA WATAMPONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Nur Tasdiq
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Religious Courts ◽  
Husband And Wife

Abstract: This research is about the application of iddah income for wives at the Religious Court in Watampone. The main issues regarding the legal status of iddah livelihoods, and how to determine the amount of iddah livelihoods, as well as the efforts of judges in resolving husband's cases refuse to provide iddah livelihoods. This research is a qualitative research with a normative juridical approach and a philosophical approach. The provision of livelihood in the Qur'an and the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia is obligatory to be given to the wife after divorce, requested or not requested in court, as long as the divorce is not due to the wife's nusyuz. But this is not the case with his practice at the Religious Courts in Watampone. Determination of iddah income at the Religious Court in Watampone still prioritizes the agreement between the husband and wife, if an agreement is not found between them, the Panel of Judges will determine the amount by considering the husband's ability and wife's needs. Regarding the case of the husband refusing to provide iddah, the Panel of Judges took several efforts, but the efforts taken did not have a strong legal basis, even some of the efforts taken were not in accordance with the existing procedural law.AbstrakPenelitian ini mengenai penerapan nafkah iddah pada Pengadilan Agama Watampone. Pokok permasalahan tentang status hukum nafkah iddah, dan bagaimana cara penentuan jumlah nafkah iddah, serta upaya hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara suami menolak memberi nafkah iddah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan filosofis.Ketentuan nafkah iddah di dalam  al-Qur’an dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia adalah wajib diberikan kepada isteri yang ditalak raj’i, diminta ataupun tidak diminta dalam persidangan, selama perceraian bukan karena nusyuznya isteri. Namun tidak demikian dengan peraktiknya di Pengadilan Agama Watampone. Penentuan nafkah iddah pada Pengadilan Agama Watampone tetap mengedepankan kesepakatan antara pihak suami dan isteri, apabila tidak didapati kesepakatan antara keduanya, maka Majelis Hakim yang akan menentukan jumlahnya dengan mempertimbangkan kemampuan suami dan kebutuhan isteri. Terkait perkara suami menolak memberi nafkah iddah, Majelis Hakim menempuh beberapa upaya, namun upaya yang ditempuh tidak memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, bahkan beberapa upaya yang ditempuh tidak sesuai dengan hukum acara yang ada.Keywords: Implementation; Iddah; Living Rights; Religious courts.

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