scholarly journals Unmasking the Therapeutic Potential of Biomarkers in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13187-13201
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Biomarker Research

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely spread disorders affecting millions of people every year. Uncontrolled or chronic diabetes may lead to diabetes-associated complications. Conventional therapies often fail to define clear parameters and do not provide early detection of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Thus, there is a need to find a diagnostic method that can non-invasively help detect and prevent diabetes and associated complications. To combat this challenge, biomarkers' use has gained importance in the early detection of pre-diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Detailed analyses from research and review articles were performed to elucidate the true potential of biomarkers in early detection, disease pathogenesis, risk prediction, and therapeutic monitoring in diabetes and associated complications. This review discusses the type of biomarkers, the progress, challenges, and short-coming related to biomarkers implications. This review also discusses the future directions in developing type-1 diabetes biomarkers focusing on genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aspects. From the findings from the available data on research and development carried out in biomarker research, significant improvements and conclusive studies have been conducted to confirm the beneficial clinical effect in early detection of diabetes using the biomarkers. The data from these studies promise novel biomarkers' implication in detecting pre-diabetes, which may help reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes and associated complications.

MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Bahreini ◽  
Elham Rayzan ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Complementary Sequence ◽  
Multiple Organs

: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, progressive, autoimmune disease with a strong genetic feature that can affect multiple organs, including kidney, eyes, and nerves. Early detection of type 1 diabetes can help critically to avoid serious damages to these organs. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that act in post-transcriptional gene regulation by attaching to the complementary sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes. Alterations in the expression of microRNA coding genes are extensively reported in several diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Presenting non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of type 1 diabetes by quantifying microRNAs gene expression level can be an influential step in biotechnology and medicine. This review discusses the area of microRNAs dysregulation in type 1 diabetes and affected molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic islet cells formation and dysregulation in the expression of inflammatory elements as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Urinary Markers for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Shawkia S. Abd El-Halim ◽  
Awatif M. Abd El-Maksoud ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Markers

scholarly journals Chronic complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Cobuz ◽  
Claudiu Cobuz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Predicting Factors

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of chronic complications and identify thepredicting factors that may be used for their early detection. Material and Method: The research group included 144 T1DM children with disease duration > 5 years ordisease onset during puberty. Complication screening included: full ophthalmologicexamination, UAE level determination, diabetic neuropathy assessment. Results: Retinopathy prevalence was 12.5 %. Factors associated with retinopathy were:hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Microalbuminuria wasdetected in 23 patients (15.97%) and correlated with HbA1c or insulin therapyregimen. Diabetic neuropathy prevalence (45.8%) was studied in relation to UAE.Peripheral somatic neuropathy was significantly correlated with the diabeticnephropathy stage. Autonomic neuropathy was detected only in 13.8% patients, yetits prevalence increased with the increase in UAE. Conclusions: Chronic diabeticcomplications are relatively less frequent as compared to adults, yet their evolutionis distinct due to the age-specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Physical Activity for People With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isuru S. Dasanayake ◽  
Wendy C. Bevier ◽  
Kristin Castorino ◽  
Jordan E. Pinsker ◽  
Dale E. Seborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Serum Apelin: A New Marker of Early Atherosclerosis in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania N. Sabry ◽  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Ahmed F. Amer ◽  
Wael H. El Batal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Positive Correlations

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children that may be complicated by micro or macrovascular complications. Measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) allows the early detection of atherosclerotic alterations of blood vessels that may complicate T1DM.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study is a case-control study. Participants were classified into two groups. The first group included 40 children with T1DM and the second group included 30 matched healthy controls. The studied cases were recruited from Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University. Serum apelin, cholesterol, TG, LDL were measured for every case. Also, albumin level was analyzed in urine. Measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was done for all cases.RESULTS: Comparison between T1DM patients and controls revealed that serum apelin, cholesterol, TG, LDL and albuminuria were significantly increased in cases compared to controls. Significant positive correlations were detected between HbA1C, albuminuria and lipid profile with apelin in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). CIMT has significant positive correlation with serum apelin levels (r = 0.36, p = 0.05). Also, this study found positive correlations between CIMT and some variables as LDL, SBP z-score and duration of the illness.CONCLUSION: Increased levels of serum apelin in T1DM patients may be considered as predicting factor for the ongoing development of vascular sequels. This study highlighted the possible validity of apelin assay as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in T1DM children. Evaluating CIMT in these patients is of at most important for early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Laminin–Biodritin Microcapsules for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Campanha-Rodrigues ◽  
Gisella Grazioli ◽  
Talita C. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina V. Campos-Lisbôa ◽  
Thiago R. Mares-Guia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Therapeutic Potential

Integrative Analysis of Key Genes and Signaling Pathways By Bioinformatics in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfei Ou ◽  
Xuejuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Although the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We investigated the key genes and signaling pathways common to T1D and AMI. First, we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-expressed by T1D and AMI through gene expression synthesis (GEO) database and text mining. David database was used for enrichment and functional analysis of selected genes. The interaction between proteins (PPI) was created using STRING and Cytoscape software. MCODE is used for module analysis of PPI network. A total of 74 human genes that met the criteria were found in T1D and AMI. The first 10 central genes include STAT3, ITGAM, MMP9, ERBB2, MAPK3, FOS, MYD88, MAPK1, TFRC and TNFRSF1A.The establishment of the aforementioned key genes might serve as novel biomarkers for precision diagnosis and providing medical treatment for the occurrence of AMI in T1D patients in the future.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in patients with or without CHD: a case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670-1677
Author(s):  
Anna Björk ◽  
Ann-Marie Svensson ◽  
Mir Nabi Pirouzi Fard ◽  
Peter Eriksson ◽  
Mikael Dellborg
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 1% of children are born with CHD, and 90–95% reach adulthood. Increased exposure to infections and stress-strain can contribute to an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. CHD may increase the risk of more serious infections, stress-strain, and increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe analysed the onset of and the risk of mortality and morbidity associated with concurrent CHD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without CHD. The study combined data from the National Diabetes Register and the National Patient Register.ResultsA total of 104 patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus were matched with 520 controls. Patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus had an earlier onset of diabetes (13.9 versus 17.4 years, p<0.001), longer duration of diabetes (22.4 versus 18.1 years, p<0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (64.0 versus 43.0%, p=0.003), higher creatinine levels (83.5 versus 74.1 µmol/L, p=0.03), higher mortality (16 versus 5%, p=0.002), and after onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus higher rates of co-morbidity (5.28 versus 3.18, p⩽0.01), heart failure (9 versus 2%, p=0.02), and stroke (6 versus 2%, p=0.048) compared with controls.ConclusionsFrom a nationwide register of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the coexistence of CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with an earlier onset, a higher frequency of microvascular complications, co-morbidity, and mortality.

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