MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Bahreini ◽  
Elham Rayzan ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Complementary Sequence ◽  
Multiple Organs

: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, progressive, autoimmune disease with a strong genetic feature that can affect multiple organs, including kidney, eyes, and nerves. Early detection of type 1 diabetes can help critically to avoid serious damages to these organs. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that act in post-transcriptional gene regulation by attaching to the complementary sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes. Alterations in the expression of microRNA coding genes are extensively reported in several diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Presenting non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of type 1 diabetes by quantifying microRNAs gene expression level can be an influential step in biotechnology and medicine. This review discusses the area of microRNAs dysregulation in type 1 diabetes and affected molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic islet cells formation and dysregulation in the expression of inflammatory elements as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Laura Sgrazzutti ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
Marina Attanasi ◽  
Sabrina Di Pillo ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Th1 And Th2

Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. In children, the incidence of both diseases is steadily increasing worldwide. In this narrative review, we report the evidence of the potential link between asthma and T1DM in childhood. We discuss which molecular mechanisms could be involved in the link between asthma and T1DM, such as genetic predisposition, cytokine patterns, and environmental influences. Cytokine profile of children with asthma and T1DM shows an activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. In conclusion, in children, the potential link between asthma and T1DM needs further investigation to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. The aim of this review is to invite the pediatricians to consider the potential copresence of these two disorders in clinical practice.

Urinary Markers for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Shawkia S. Abd El-Halim ◽  
Awatif M. Abd El-Maksoud ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Markers

scholarly journals Chronic complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Cobuz ◽  
Claudiu Cobuz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Predicting Factors

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of chronic complications and identify thepredicting factors that may be used for their early detection. Material and Method: The research group included 144 T1DM children with disease duration > 5 years ordisease onset during puberty. Complication screening included: full ophthalmologicexamination, UAE level determination, diabetic neuropathy assessment. Results: Retinopathy prevalence was 12.5 %. Factors associated with retinopathy were:hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Microalbuminuria wasdetected in 23 patients (15.97%) and correlated with HbA1c or insulin therapyregimen. Diabetic neuropathy prevalence (45.8%) was studied in relation to UAE.Peripheral somatic neuropathy was significantly correlated with the diabeticnephropathy stage. Autonomic neuropathy was detected only in 13.8% patients, yetits prevalence increased with the increase in UAE. Conclusions: Chronic diabeticcomplications are relatively less frequent as compared to adults, yet their evolutionis distinct due to the age-specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Physical Activity for People With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isuru S. Dasanayake ◽  
Wendy C. Bevier ◽  
Kristin Castorino ◽  
Jordan E. Pinsker ◽  
Dale E. Seborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Function in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5065
Author(s):  
Karolina Nocuń-Wasilewska ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska ◽  
Agnieszka Zubkiewicz-Kucharska ◽  
Dorota Polak-Jonkisz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Pai 1

Diabetic kidney disease belongs to the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Here, hyperglycaemia is a key metabolic factor that causes endothelial dysfunction and vascular changes within the renal glomerulus. The aim of the present study was to assess the function of the vascular endothelium in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) by measuring selected endothelial lesion markers in blood serum. The selected markers of endothelial lesions (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-SELECTIN, PAI-1, ADMA and RAGE) were assayed by the immunoenzymatic ELISA method. The study involved 66 patients (age: 5–18 years) with type 1 diabetes and 21 healthy controls (age: 5–16 years). In the type 1 diabetes patients, significantly higher concentrations of all of the assayed markers were observed compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.001). All of the evaluated markers positively correlated with the disease duration, the age, and BMI of the patients, while only PAI-1 and sE-SELECTIN were characteristic of linear correlations with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). It can be concluded that endothelial inflammatory disease occurs in the early stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. The correlations between PAI-1, sE-SELECTIN, and eGFR suggest an advantage of these markers over other markers of endothelial dysfunction as prognostic factors for kidney dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Status of the collagen metabolism and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with mitral valve prolapse and diabetes mellitus type 1

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Destructive Processes

Summary. Mitral valve prolapse is a significant cardiovascular risk factor in young adults. Its combination with type 1 diabetes mellitus can influence the nature and development of the disease. Objective – a comparative analysis of free and peptide-bound oxyproline levels and basic echocardiographic parameters (ECP) in patients with mitral valve prolapse, type 1 diabetes and their combination. Materials and methods – 93 people aged 19–33 years were examined, including 24 people with mitral valve prolapse without concomitant pathology; 33 patients with mitral valve prolapse and type 1 diabetes; 36 patients with type 1 diabetes without mitral valve prolapse. Results. The level of free and peptide-bound oxyproline in blood serum and their ratio were assessed as a marker of collagen metabolism. The levels of free oxyproline were significantly higher only for the group of MVP patients with type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Severity of destructive processes was demonstrated by a high level of peptide-bound oxyproline, both in combined pathology compared with control group, and compared with groups of patients with monomorbid diabetes and MVP (p < 0.05). In patients with mitral valve prolapse and type 1 diabetes for more than 10 years in anamnesis were found significant differences in the echocardiography parameters (ventricular septum thickness, posterior wall of the left ventricle thickness) compared with the subgroup of patients with less than 10 years of type 1 diabetes in anamnesis and the group with isolated mitral valve prolapse. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate an aggravation in collagen metabolism disorders in patients with mitral valve prolapse depending on the duration of type 1 diabetes, and demonstrate the effect of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on the risk of developing connective tissue degradation of the heart valve apparatus.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin D and Its Potential Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Rak ◽  
Monika Bronkowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Transcription Control

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with degeneration of pancreatic β-cells that results in an inability to produce insulin and the need for exogenous insulin administration. It is a significant global health problem as the incidence of this disorder is increasing worldwide. The causes are still poorly understood, although it certainly has genetic and environmental origins. Vitamin D formed profusely in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, as well as from dietary sources, exhibits an immunomodulatory effect based on gene transcription control. Indeed, vitamin D can downregulate mechanisms connected with adaptive immunity, induce immunological tolerance and decrease auto-aggression-related inflammation. These properties provide the basis for a preventive and therapeutic role of vitamin D. As many studies have demonstrated, appropriate supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, and alleviates disease symptoms in patients. The aim of this narrative review is to present the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin D immunomodulatory effect as well as review human clinical studies on the use of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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