scholarly journals Biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (literature review and results of own studies)

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedchenko ◽  
P.G. Zhminko
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
Methods Analytical

Objective: analysis and summary of the literature data and own studies on the possibility of using biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), determination of immunological biomarkers of the effect under exposure to OPCs that cause delayed neurotoxicity (DN). Materials and Methods. Analytical methods were used in the work: collection of scientific information on the topic, analysis of data and scientific summary of the results. Re-assessment of the effect of OPCs causing DN was performed from the perspective of determination of the most informative immunological biomarkers of the effect of known neurotoxicants. Analysis of the study results of the effect of neurotoxic OPCs, triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP), Afos on the immune system was performed using the most sensitive model — chicken breed Leghorn in isotoxic doses (500 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively) using common immunotoxicology methods. Results and Conclusions. The article analyses and concludes current literary data on the justified use of biomarkers of exposure and effect of OPCs that are widespread in the environmental objects and are one of the reasons of acute and chronic poisoning in the population. We’ve reviewed aspects of the necessity for implementation of scientifically justified approach to the development and assessment of biomarkers and creation of the unified diagnostic complex that includes biomarkers of exposure, specific and non-specific action, with wider diagnostic abilities compared with determination of isolated parameters that is the basis for diagnostics, efficient treatment and prediction of consequences of poisoning with OPCs. Based on the results of own studies, we proposed the use of some parameters as the immunological biomarkers of the effect of OPCs with DN: the level of finely dispersed circulating immune complexes in the blood serum and the level of anti-brain antibodies, the number and functional activity of blood neutrophils; the number of T-and B-lymphocytes and their functional activity; the number of NK-cells, T-helper cells, and T-suppressors.

scholarly journals Antioxidant or Apoptosis Inhibitor Supplementation in Culture Media Improves Post-Thaw Recovery of Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Jung ◽  
Hui-Jo Oh ◽  
Jin-Seop Ahn ◽  
Yong-Hee Kim ◽  
Bang-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Apoptosis Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibitor

We postulated that supplementation of antioxidant or apoptosis inhibitor in post-thaw culture media of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) alleviates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis. Our aim was to develop an effective culture media for improving post-thaw recovery of SSCs. To determine the efficacy of supplementation with hypotaurine (HTU), α-tocopherol (α-TCP), and Z-DEVD-FMK (ZDF), we assessed the relative proliferation rate and SSC functional activity and performed a ROS generation assay, apoptosis assay, and western blotting for determination of the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, as well as immunocytochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SSC characterization. The relative proliferation rates with HTU 400 μM (133.7 ± 3.2%), α-TCP 400 μM (158.9 ± 3.6%), and ZDF 200 μM (133.1 ± 7.6%) supplementation were higher than that in the DMSO control (100 ± 3.6%). ROS generation was reduced with α-TCP 400 μM (0.8-fold) supplementation in comparison with the control (1.0-fold). Early apoptosis and Bax/Bcl-xL were lower with α-TCP 400 μM (2.4 ± 0.4% and 0.5-fold) and ZDF 200 μM (1.8 ± 0.4% and 0.3-fold) supplementation in comparison with the control (5.3 ± 1.4% and 1.0-fold) with normal characterization and functional activity. Supplementation of post-thaw culture media with α-TCP 400 μM and ZDF 200 μM improved post-thaw recovery of frozen SSCs via protection from ROS generation and apoptosis after cryo-thawing.

Enzymes and Their Forms Used in Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Еnzymes are able to effectively interact with various organophosphorus compounds (OPC), entering into (bio)chemical reactions with them. Changes in the initial activity of enzymes as a result of their inhibition by OPC, the formation of OPC degradation products under the action of hydrolytic enzymes, etc. can be determined using different physical and chemical methods and used in bioanalytic systems to determine the concentrations of OPC. The purpose of the review is to analyze the main scientific results achieved over the past 10 years in the development of analytical systems based on enzymes intended for the determination of OPC. It is shown in the article, that the requirements for the sensitivity of biosensors are based on the norms of the content of the analyzed substances detected in/at the objects of mandatory control. The cholinesterases compose a basis for the development of the largest number of ultra-sensitive biosensors, although other enzymes can be successfully used as a biosensitive element. The most technologically advanced solution that is close to the practical implementation seems to be bioanalytical systems using immobilized enzymes. Improving the detection limits of the OPC can be achieved by using nanoobjects together with modern methods of signal transducers, for example, with nanomechanical detectors and signal converters. This combination of technical solutions ensures the sensitivity of the OPC analysis up to pg/l. At present, «reagentless» systems have received significant development, which have become the basis for the production of a large number of commercially available strips for the express determination of OPC. Modern demands stimulate the rapid development of portable and, especially, wearable biosensors that can be attached to various surfaces, including a clothing. The progress in the development of affine amino acid sequences, in the future, will allow the creation of enzyme biosensors on any surface.

Contribution of satellite altimetry in modelling Moho density contrast in oceanic areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abrehdary ◽  
L. E. Sjöberg ◽  
D. Sampietro
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Density Contrast ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Crustal Model ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vening Meinesz ◽  
Satellite Altimetry Data

Abstract The determination of the oceanic Moho (or crust-mantle) density contrast derived from seismic acquisitions suffers from severe lack of data in large parts of the oceans, where have not yet been sufficiently covered by such data. In order to overcome this limitation, gravitational field models obtained by means of satellite altimetry missions can be proficiently exploited, as they provide global uniform information with a sufficient accuracy and resolution for such a task. In this article, we estimate a new Moho density contrast model named MDC2018, using the marine gravity field from satellite altimetry in combination with a seismic-based crustal model and Earth’s topographic/bathymetric data. The solution is based on the theory leading to Vening Meinesz-Moritz’s isostatic model. The study results in a high-accuracy Moho density contrast model with a resolution of 1° × 1° in oceanic areas. The numerical investigations show that the estimated density contrast ranges from 14.2 to 599.7 kg/m3 with a global average of 293 kg/m3. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the MDC2018 model, the result was compared with some published global models, revealing that our altimetric model is able to image rather reliable information in most of the oceanic areas. However, the differences between this model and the published results are most notable along the coastal and polar zones, which are most likely due to that the quality and coverage of the satellite altimetry data are worsened in these regions.

scholarly journals Comparative determination of the efficacy of bispyridinium oximes in paraoxon poisoning / Usporedno određivanje učinkovitosti bispiridinijevih oksima pri trovanju paraoksonom

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Žunec ◽  
Božica Radić ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Kamil Musilek ◽  
Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Efficiency ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Comparative Determination

Abstract The inability of standard therapy to provide adequate protection against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (pesticides and nerve agents) motivated us to search for new, more effective oximes. We investigated the pharmacotoxicological properties of six experimental K-oximes (K027, K033, K048, K074, K075, and K203) in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of K-oximes (at doses of 5 or 25 % of their LD50) combined with atropine was assessed in paraoxon-poisoned mice and compared with conventionally used oximes HI-6 and TMB-4. The bisoxime K074 was the most toxic (LD50=21.4 mg kg-1) to mice, while monoxime K027 was the least toxic (LD50=672.8 mg kg-1). With the exception of K033, all of the tested K-oximes showed better therapeutic efficiency than HI-6 and TMB-4. K027 and K048 stood out by demonstrating low acute toxicities and ensuring protective indices ranging from 60.0 to 100.0 LD50 of paraoxon. Taking into account that these two oximes showed a similar therapeutic efficacy regardless of the applied doses, our results suggest that K027 and K048 could be antidotes for paraoxon intoxication.

scholarly journals A New Method for Determination of Joint Roughness Coefficient of Rock Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigui Du ◽  
Huicai Gao ◽  
Yunjin Hu ◽  
Man Huang ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Rock Joints ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Joint Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Joint Roughness ◽  
Exposed Rock ◽  
Study Results

The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of rock joints has the characteristic of scale effect. JRC measured on small-size exposed rock joints should be evaluated by JRC scale effect in order to obtain the JRC of actual-scale rock joints, since field rock joints are hardly fully exposed or well saved. Based on the validity analysis of JRC scale effect, concepts of rate of JRC scale effect and effective length of JRC scale effect were proposed. Then, a graphic method for determination of the effective length of JRC scale effect was established. Study results show that the JRC of actual-scale rock joints can be obtained through a fractal model of JRC scale effect according to the statistically measured results of the JRC of small-size partial exposed rock joints and by the selection of fractal dimension of JRC scale effect and the determination of effective length of JRC scale effect.

scholarly journals Pharmacist’s role in the system of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sofiya Prokip ◽  
Iga Pawłowska ◽  
Bohdan Hromovyk ◽  
Leszek Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polish Study ◽  
The Status

Introduction. The efficient pharmacotherapy is an important part of palliative and hospice care, and requires a multidisciplinary approach to the patients. The pharmacist, as the member of the multidisciplinary therapeutic team, is responsible for performing pharmaceutical care, which provides safe and efficient treatment. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative research about the status of palliative and hospice care and role of the pharmacist (clinical pharmacist) in Ukraine and Poland.Material and methods. It was a questionnaire survey conducted in Ukraine, as well as analysis of information sources associated with this subject. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of similar study conducted in Poland. It consisted of 15 multiple-choice questions addressed to head physicians and doctors in Ukraine. The obtained results were compared to the results of the mentioned above Polish study. Results. Eight head physicians and 22 doctors (30 questionnaires) from 13 palliative and hospice care institutions in Ukraine responded to the survey. It has been found that almost half in Ukraine (43%) believed that the pharmacist should be a mandatory member of a multidisciplinary team, because of his/her significant role in drug management in hospice. Conclusion. A multidisciplinary approach to satisfying of patients' needs in palliative and hospice care has a great significance. Results of the study testify to the importance of including the pharmacists into the multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals Structuring Youth Councils in Saudi Arabia: A Forecast Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdurahman Alkohaiz ◽  
Haifa Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Study Results

Youth is one of the most substantial pillars of community development. The study investigates the optimal structure of youth councils in Saudi Arabia. And it establishes the necessary regulations by setting targets, tasks, conditions of membership, and developing a unified proposal for these councils. The primary study tool was a questionnaire developed by researchers were used to assess the studied parameters. They were distributed to (413) young men at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aged (18-34) years. According to the analytical approach, it is a forecast study. The study results showed that the optimal structure of these councils' includes: First, the prince of the region or the governor as a president. Second, the rector as a vice-president. Finally, the commission is equally male and female. While the council objectives: First, take advantage of youth proposals, capacities, and intellectual property. Secondly, youth participation in the discussion, determination of their requirements, and decision-making. Also, it identified a set of tasks: Encouraging creative and talented youth to achieve national accomplishment and motivating them to take on their responsibilities in serving their community. As for the terms of the Council's membership, members must be between 18 and 30 years, and the name of the office shall be two years and nominated by government educational bodies.There should be a responsible body for structuring youth councils regions, increasing youth councils, and meetings between them in a periodic manner among different countries to exchange experiences and improve performance.   Received: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 10 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

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