scholarly journals Deep structure and new experimental data of the Bransfield Strait volcanoes (West Antarctica)

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
V. Soloviev ◽  
◽  
V. Bakhmutov ◽  
N. Yakymchuk ◽  
I. Korchagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Contact Potential Difference ◽  
Melting Zone ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
The West ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Bransfield Strait ◽  
The Earth

The aim of the study is to determine the existence of a complex magma-gas-fluid system of the West Antarctica northern volcanic branch in the Bransfield Strait. It consists of several different-level deep magma chambers with magmas raised directly from the mantle or the accumulation zone located at a depth of about 25–30 km. Research methods are based on the known idea that the Earth can be considered a spherical capacitor formed by various layers from its core to the surface with different parameters — thickness, permittivity, density, contact potential difference. Our experimental data show that there is a molten zone at 195–225 km where considerable part of volcanic roots is located. Certain structural patterns for land and submarine volcanic structures are revealed, and the first data on the deep migration channels of fluids in the Bransfield Strait are obtained. Volcanic channels are filled with different basic, ultramafic rocks, and sedimentary rocks too. The deep roots of volcanic structures' presence can be associated with the pulsed functioning of a gas-fluid channel with low viscosity. The gas-saturated melts form some zones of intermediate crystallization in the crust due to this channel. These studies showed that multiphase pulsed volcanic activity mainly through the vertical migration channels of deep fluids from the melting zone played a significant role in forming the tectonic diversity and the evolution of the Antarctic continental margin region structures. The results of modified methods of processing and decoding satellite images and photographs allow supplementing the understanding of the West Antarctica structures’ formation. These results of the Bransfield Strait magmatic systems studying indicate the need for further research to understand the mechanism of formation and evolution of structures and deep geospheres in different regions of the Earth.

Slavery and the Trumpocene: It's Not the End of the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Claire Colebrook
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Geological Period

There is something more catastrophic than the end of the world, especially when ‘world’ is understood as the horizon of meaning and expectation that has composed the West. If the Anthropocene is the geological period marking the point at which the earth as a living system has been altered by ‘anthropos,’ the Trumpocene marks the twenty-first-century recognition that the destruction of the planet has occurred by way of racial violence, slavery and annihilation. Rather than saving the world, recognizing the Trumpocene demands that we think about destroying the barbarism that has marked the earth.

HADIS KURAIB DALAM KONSEP RUKYATUL HILAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslih Husein
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Republic

Hisab dan rukyat, hakikatnya, adalah cara untuk mengetahui pergantian bulan. Kajian ini memperlihatkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, korelasi antara hadis Kuraib dan terjadinya perbedaan penetapan awal Ramadan, Syawal, dan Dzul Hijjah di Indonesia. Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia telah menetapkan bahwa Indonesia secara keseluruhan menjadi satu wilayah hukum (wilayatul hukmi). Kedua, tentang keberhasilan rukyat al-hilal di satu kawasan yang diberlakukan bagi kawasan lain di muka bumi. Perlu diketahui bersama bahwa visibilitas pertama hilal tidak meliputi seluruh muka bumi pada hari yang sama, melainkan membelahnya menjadi dua bagian: (1) bagian sebelah Barat yang dapat melihat hilal dan (2) bagian sebelah Timur yang tidak dapat melihat hilal.Hisab and rukyat is a way to know the turn of the month. This study shows several findings. First is the correlation between Kuraib traditions and differences in the determination of the beginning of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhul-Hijjah in Indonesia. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia has stated that Indonesia as a whole into a single jurisdiction (wilayatul hukmi). Second, on the success rukyat alhilal in one area that applied to other regions of earth. Important to know that the first visibility of the new moon does not cover the entire face of the earth on the same day, but splitting it into two parts: (1) part of the West to see the new moon, and (2) part of the East were not able to see the new moon.

scholarly journals Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Pyrrhon Amathes ◽  
Paul Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Apparent Position ◽  
Apollo Program ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

scholarly journals Coupled Investigation of Contact Potential and Microstructure Evolution of Ultra-Thin AlOx for Crystalline Si Passivation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Zhen Zheng ◽  
Junyang An ◽  
Ruiling Gong ◽  
Yuheng Zeng ◽  
Jichun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Contact Potential Difference ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Effective Carrier

In this work, we report the same trends for the contact potential difference measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy and the effective carrier lifetime on crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers passivated by AlOx layers of different thicknesses and submitted to annealing under various conditions. The changes in contact potential difference values and in the effective carrier lifetimes of the wafers are discussed in view of structural changes of the c-Si/SiO2/AlOx interface thanks to high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Indeed, we observed the presence of a crystalline silicon oxide interfacial layer in as-deposited (200 °C) AlOx, and a phase transformation from crystalline to amorphous silicon oxide when they were annealed in vacuum at 300 °C.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance and Bioactivity of Oxide Layers Formed by Isothermal Oxidation of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Aniołek ◽  
Bożena Łosiewicz ◽  
Julian Kubisztal ◽  
Patrycja Osak ◽  
Agnieszka Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Contact Potential Difference ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Oxide Layers

Titanium and its alloys are among the most promising biomaterials for medical applications. In this work, the isothermal oxidation of Ti-6Al-7Nb biomedical alloy towards improving its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and bioactivity has been developed. The oxide layers were formed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 72 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), 3D profilometry, and microindentation test, were used to characterize microstructure, surface geometrical structure, and the hardness of the diphase (α + β) Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after oxidation, respectively. In vitro corrosion resistance tests were carried out in a saline solution at 37 °C using the open-circuit potential method and potentiodynamic measurements. Electronic properties in the air were studied using the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) technique. The bioactivity test was conducted by soaking the alkali- and heat-treated samples in simulated body fluid for 7 days. The presence of apatite was confirmed using SEM/EDS and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The thickness of oxide layers formed increased with the temperature growth from 0.25 to 5.48 µm. It was found that with increasing isothermal oxidation temperature, the surface roughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, and contact potential difference increased. The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after oxidation revealed the HAp-forming ability in a biological environment.

Reflections from discontinuities beneath antarctica

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451
Author(s):  
R. D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Velocity Channel ◽  
Upper Boundary

abstract Early reflections of the phase P′P′ recorded at North American seismograph stations from nuclear explosions in Novaya Zemlya are used to examine the crust and upper mantle beneath a region of eastern Antarctica. Many reflections are observed from depths less than 120 km, indicating considerable inhomogeneity at these depths in the Earth. No regular horizons were found throughout the area, but some correlation was observed among reflections at closely-spaced stations, and, at many stations, reflections were observed from depths of between 60 and 80 km, corresponding to a likely upper boundary of the low-velocity channel. Deeper reflections were found at depths of near 420 and 650 km. The latter boundary was particularly well-observed and appears to be sharply defined at a depth that is constant to within a few kilometers. The boundary at 420 km is not so well defined by reflections of P′P′, but reflects well longer-period PP waves, arriving at wider angles of incidence. This boundary appears to be at least as pronounced, but not so sharp as that near 650 km. The deep structure beneath Antarctica presents no obvious difference from that beneath other continental areas.

Non-standart position of the false door in Giza tombs - a builing mistake or a least-evil solution?

2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vetokhov
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
West Wall ◽  
Early Information ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Western Wall ◽  
Vacant Space

In the chapels of a number of tombs in the Giza necropolis, both rock-cut and stone (mastaba), the false door – the main place of worship of the tomb – is sometimes not located on the west wall. Given that the tradition of placing the false door precisely on the western wall had deep roots for centuries, these cases raise a legitimate question about the reasons for such an anomaly. But the paucity of examples, both in Giza and in other necropolises, made it difficult to conduct a broad analysis of this phenomenon. This question has been repeatedly raised in the literature, but it is still debatable. And after the discovery of new examples at the site of the Russian Archaeological Mission at Giza of the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (RAMG), it became necessary to return to this problem to analyze it, to structure and summarize the early information, to try to understand the nature of the occurrence of such cases. A total of nine such cases are known in the Giza necropolis; all of them date from the time of the V–VI dynasties, when the necropolis is drastically compacted – and the tombs are occupied by any vacant space. It was not always possible to place false doors on the western wall of the chapels for each individual burial. As a result, sometimes the builders deliberately placed a false door not on the western wall but in the immediate vicinity of the burial to emphasise the connection between them.

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