scholarly journals Riverbank erosion displacees in Bangladesh: need for institutional response and policy intervention

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Fakrul Islam ◽  
ANM Baslur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Displacement Adaptation ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Involuntary Displacement

Environmental refugees are one of the most burning issues at this time throughout the world. Bangladesh, a riverine country, is suffering from acquit riverbank erosion which compels millions of her population to be displaced from their place of origin. As such, 283 locations, 85 towns and growth centers, along with 2400 kilometers of riverbank line in Bangladesh are vulnerable to erosion. The major rivers e.g., the Padma, the Jamuna, and the Meghna, erode several thousand hectares of floodplain making thousands of people landless and homeless every year. Along with the floodplain, Bangladesh loses several kilometers of roads, railways, and flood-control embankments annually. No other disaster is as disastrous as riverbank erosion and ‘Internally Displaced Populations’ (IDP) face many unavoidable problems at different stages of displacement. Displacement marginalized them in respect of livelihood patterns and psycho-physical troubles. Such forty million homeless people in Bangladesh are compelled to lead a floating life. Riverbank erosion plays a major role in socio-environmental changes. The displaced people of riverbank erosion experience substantial socio-economic impoverishment and marginalization as a consequence of involuntary displacement from their original residence. Findings of a social survey carried out in 2008 on the erosion-hit displaced people in Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi districts are discussed in this paper. Newly settled people along with the native inhabitants have been interviewed to reveal the problems associated with making rearrangements for the displaced people. Besides these problems of displacement, adaptation strategies and relationships with the local people, their socioeconomic losses, sufferings, perception of natural disaster and psycho-physical problems, environmental ruins etc. have been revealed in this paper. There are no specific policies to rehabilitate the erosion-hit people. Thus, it is time to formulate policies to address prevention of riverbank erosion as well as to rehabilitate the river-erosion refugees.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i2.9540 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2): 4-19

scholarly journals Access to medicines among internally displaced and non-displaced people in urban areas in Colombia

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Veronika J. Wirtz ◽  
Alvaro J. Idrovo ◽  
Mary Lupe Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Improve Access

This study analyzes access to medicines among displaced and non-displaced populations in urban areas in Bucaramanga, Colombia. A household survey was carried out to study access to medicines for self-reported and medically diagnosed health conditions. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance was used to determine factors associated with access to medicines. Two thousand and sixty individuals from 514 families participated. Only 29.1% (95%CI: 22.04-37.08) of the individuals in the sample with prescriptions and 44.3% (95%CI: 40.42-48.25) with self-reported needs for pharmacotherapy were taking medicines. Greater access was associated with the perceived severity of the illness, higher income, having a health center nearby and not perceiving barriers in accessing services. Social security affiliation and being displaced were not related. Social security coverage alone does not have an effect on access to medicines because it does not include essential medicines that correspond to the health needs of this population. Resolving administrative and geographical barriers is likely to improve access to medicines.

scholarly journals Mapping displaced populations with reference to social vulnerabilities for post-disaster public health management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Anees Ahmad ◽  
Mokbul Morshed Ahmad ◽  
Nafees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities

Millions of people are currently displaced from their homes because of local and international conflicts. In the last two decades, a substantial increase in the number of displaced people has been recorded. We measured the social vulnerabilities of displaced populations using a mathematical approach in combination with application of geographical information systems (GIS) tools and techniques to visualise movement and draw attention to the location of significant concentration of vulnerabilities. A retrospective study approach based on datasets collected from governmental and non-governmental organisations working with refugees and internally displaced persons in Pakistan was used. We applied simple mathematical formulas to calculate and map various types of vulnerability, such as refugee population, absorption capacity, unmet needs and overall vulnerability. This approach displays risks and vulnerabilities of displaced populations in an easily understood and straightforward manner that can be replicated in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Mapping differential vulnerabilities and rights: ‘opening’ access to social protection for forcibly displaced populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sabates-Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Institutional Capability

Abstract In recent years, forcibly displaced populations have attracted enormous media attention as an increasing number of disasters and political conflicts push more and more people to move away from their homes and seek refuge and opportunities in other places. At the same time, political nervousness about the financial and institutional capability of ‘receiving’ locations to adequately respond to the needs of these large-scale population movements contributes to the shrinking space for thinking about the rights and needs of people on the move. It is precisely because of these global trends that the plight of forcibly displaced populations is becoming more precarious and vulnerable, yet standard social protection provision rarely attends to the plight of these people. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the remit and implications for including a consideration of forcibly displaced populations (including internally displaced people, refugees and asylum seekers) within social protection policy and programming. Drawing on a limited number of recent initiatives, we suggest some ways in which social protection can be ‘opened’ for these groups.

Ambulatory Care by Disaster Responders in the Tent Camps of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, January 2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Broach ◽  
Mariah McNamara ◽  
Katherine Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Pediatric Illness ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTOn January 12, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred approximately 10 miles west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and created one of the worst humanitarian disasters in history. The purpose of this report is to describe the types of illness experienced by people living in tent camps around the city in the immediate aftermath of this event. The data were collected by a team of medical personnel working with an international nongovernmental organization and operating in the tent camps surrounding the city from day 15 to day 18 following the earthquake. In agreement with the existing literature describing patterns of illness in refugee and internally displaced populations, the authors note a preponderance of pediatric illness, with 53% of cases being patients younger than 20 years old and 25% younger than 5 years old. The most common complaints noted by category were respiratory (24.6%), gastrointestinal (16.9%), and genitourinary (10.9%). Another important feature of illness among this population was the observed high incidence of malnutrition among pediatric patients. This report should serve as a guide for future medical interventions in refugee and internally displaced people situations and reinforces the need for strong nutritional support programs in disaster relief operations of this kind.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:116-121)

MENTAL HEALTH AND COPING IN A WAR SITUATION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL CARBALLO ◽  
ARIF SMAJKIC ◽  
DAMIR ZERIC ◽  
MONIKA DZIDOWSKA ◽  
JOY GEBRE-MEDHIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Psychosocial Responses ◽  
And Coping

The latter part of the twentieth century has seen an increased concern for the implications of war for civilian populations, and more attention has been given to psychosocial impacts of uprooting and displacement. ‘Loss of place’, acute and chronic trauma, family disruption and problems of family reunification have become issues of concern. The war in Bosnia was characterized by massive displacement, disruption and loss of life, relatives and property. Health and psychosocial well-being were affected in a number of ways. There was an overwhelming loss of perceived power and self-esteem. Over 25% of displaced people, for example, said they no longer felt they were able to play a useful role; even in non-displaced populations approximately 11% of those interviewed said that they had lost a sense of worth. Widespread depression and feelings of fatigue and listlessness were common and may have prevented people from taking steps to improve their situation. Almost a quarter of internally displaced people had a high startle capacity and said they were constantly nervous. Most adverse psychosocial responses increased with age and in a population that includes many elderly people this poses serious problems. The findings point to major challenges with respect to repatriation and reconstruction. They highlight the importance of family reunification and the facilitating of decision-making by affected people themselves. The findings also shed light on potential problems associated with over-dependence on external assistance and hence the need for people to be given the means of using their skills and knowledge to control their day-to-day lives.

Questioning the Dynamics and Language of Forced Migration in Asia: The experiences of ethnic Chinese refugees

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA MADOKORO ◽  
ELAINE LYNN-EE HO ◽  
GLEN PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Vantage Points

To what extent are different parts of the world exceptional when it comes to the history of forced migration and refugee experiences? For instance, is forced migration in Asia distinct from developments elsewhere? Or is forced migration in Asia part of wider processes of displacement and emplacement so characteristic of the modern world? Over the past few decades, the fields of refugee and forced migration studies have ballooned. Scholars in a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, political science, geography, and history have sought to understand the nature of population displacements in the modern world. Much of the early scholarship in this field focused on Europe in the immediate aftermath of the First and Second World Wars. Scholars have also sought to understand the nature of protracted refugee situations in Africa.1 More recently, scholars have investigated forced migration within globalized and transnational frameworks.2 Yet no sooner had scholars started to think of displacement in these terms than critics began to contend that the unique, and localized, dimensions of displaced populations, including refugees, forced migrants, and internally displaced people, were being ignored. Questions about what is gained and what is lost in approaching the study of modern refugee populations from various vantage points now frame much of the work in the fields of refugee and forced migration studies.3

scholarly journals Geographies of Doing Nothing–Internal Displacement and Practices of Post-Disaster Recovery in Urban Areas of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Alexandra Titz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Secondary Displacement ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Post Disaster

Disaster-related internal displacement is on the rise in many countries and is increasingly becoming an urban phenomenon. For many people, as in the case of the earthquake disaster 2015 in Nepal, protracted or multiple disaster displacements are a lived reality. While the drivers of displacement are relatively well understood, significant uncertainties remain regarding the factors that trigger prolonged or secondary displacement and impede ending of displacement or achieving durable solutions. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and theorise the discourse of reconstruction and return that shapes experiences, strategies, and policies in order to gain a better understanding of the obstacles to pursuing durable solutions that are still shaping the reality of life for urban internally displaced people (IDPs) in Kathmandu Valley. I use the concepts of ‘fields of practice’ and ‘disaster justice’ to provide insights into the theorisation of the links between social inequality, structural forms of governance, and the reconstruction process itself. Findings demonstrate that the application of these concepts has great potential to expand our understanding of ‘realities of life’ and practices of IDPs, and thus contribute to a more differentiated evidence base for the development and implementation of appropriate disaster risk reduction policies and practices.

A free, open-source, offline digital health system for refugee care (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Ashworth ◽  
Senan Ebrahim ◽  
Hassaan Ebrahim ◽  
Zahra Bhaiwala ◽  
Michael Chilazi
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Displaced People

BACKGROUND Rise of conflict, extreme weather events, and pandemics have led to larger displaced populations worldwide. Displaced populations have unique acute and chronic health needs that need to be met by low resource health systems. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have been shown to improve health outcomes in displaced populations but need to be adapted to meet the constraints of these health systems. OBJECTIVE To describe the development and deployment of a EHR designed to care for displaced populations in low resource settings. METHODS Using a human-centered design approach we conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with patients, healthcare providers, and administrators in Lebanon and Jordan to identify the essential EHR features. These features including modular workflows, multilingual interfaces, and offline-first capabilities led to the development of the Hikma Health EHR which has been deployed in Lebanon and Nicaragua. RESULTS We report the successes and challenges from 12 months of Hikma Health EHR deployment in a mobile clinic providing care to Syrian Refugees in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon. Successes include the EHR’s ability to (1) increase clinical efficacy by providing detailed patient records, (2) prove adaptable to the threats of COVID-19, and (3) improve organizational planning. Lessons learned include technical fixes to methods of identifying patients through name or their medical record ID. CONCLUSIONS As the number of displaced people continues to rise globally, it is imperative that solutions are created to help maximize the healthcare they receive. Free, open-sourced and adaptable EHRs can enable organizations to better provide for displaced populations.

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