scholarly journals Can coercion be justified when it benefits the poor? The case of commercial surrogacy industry in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Packiaraj Asirvatham
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Women's Participation

Commercial surrogacy in India is a booming industry however the raising number of poor illiterate women's participation as commercial surrogate poses serious question of coercion, on the other hand it economically empowers them. In this context, this article analyses the crucial question, can coercion be justified when it benefits the poor by investigating commercial surrogates’ life stories and looking into the various types of coercion discreetly operates. It concludes with few recommendations which can help in empowering poor commercial surrogates who involved in commercial surrogacy industry in India.

John Chrysostom on Almsgiving and the Use of Money

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Leyerle
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The One ◽  
Real Wealth

Few themes so dominate the homilies of John Chrysostom (ca. 347–407 CE) as the plight of the poor and the necessity of almsgiving. His picture of the poor, however, is always set against the prosperous marketplace of late antiquity. It seems therefore scarcely surprising that his sermons on almsgiving resound with the language of investment. With such imagery, Chrysostom tried not only to prod wealthy Christians into acts of charity but also, and perhaps more importantly, to dislodge his rich parishioners from their conviction that an uncrossable social gulf separated them from the poor. The rhetorical strategy he used is typical of all his polemical attacks. On the one hand, he denigrated the pursuit of money and social status as fundamentally unattractive; it is both unchristian and unmasculine. On the other hand, he insisted that real wealth and lasting prestige should indeed be pursued, but more effectively through almsgiving. I shall first examine how Chrysostom effected this recalculation of wealth, and then I shall turn to the question of whether there may have been some advantage for him in pleading so eloquently on behalf the poor.

scholarly journals Sabbath Observance in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kinyua Njeru ◽  
John Kiboi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Church

The study of the nature of the church1 is very significant to the body of Christ. Often, when this subject is introduced, Christians tend to ask: which is the true church and how can it be identified? Most churches claim to be the only ‘true church’ based on their teachings and this has continued to divide the body of Christ across the centuries. The Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) church has maintained the physical observance of the Sabbath to be one of the marks2 of identifying the ‘true church,’ yet the church fathers described the church as One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic. The SDA uses the Sabbath worship as a mark of identifying a ‘true church’ alongside the four attributes; and on the other hand, those churches that do not worship on Saturday regards the SDA’s emphasis of worshipping on Saturday as ‘worshipping the day’ rather than the almighty God. Besides this, misunderstandings have been encountered between the SDA and the so-called Sunday churches concerning the issue of what constitutes the true Sabbath. The study employs the dialogical-ecclesiological design in its bid to understand the contestations between the SDA and the ‘Sunday churches’ and in its building on the premise that dialogue is critical in our endeavor to find a new understanding and re-interpretation of the Sabbath, as one of the marks of a true church. The crucial question remains: can the observance of physical Sabbath be considered as one of the key marks of knowing the ‘true Church’?

scholarly journals Effects of land ownership on psychological well-being of the poor farmers of the northern parts of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Md Mozibul Huq ◽  
Azad Khan ◽  
Md Sarwar Jahan ◽  
Md Ariful Haque
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand

This study was designed to compare the psychological well-being of three categories of farmers in Bangladesh. They are the landless, Khas land allotees and the share-croppers. Charghat and Puthia Upazilla of Rajshahi District was the study area. Randomly selected 90 (30 from each group) respondents were the subjects of this study. To measure the psychological wellbeing the Bangla version of the MUNSH scale for Measuring happiness (Kazma and Stones 1980) was administered on the subjects. Results revealed that the psychological well-being of the Khas land allotees was best and psychological well-being of the landless was worst. On the other hand, the psychological well-being of the share-croppers was in between of the Khas land allotees and landless farmers. Key words: Psychological well-being; rural poor; landless; owner of the Khas land DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7496 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 43-46, 2007  

Plague Spreaders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Phase

This chapter challenges assumptions that the Black Death initiated a new phase of plague-inspired hatred and persecution, especially against Jews. After the Black Death, no plagues provoked persecution of minorities or outsiders until myths of plague spreaders arose during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The chapter then examines the best-documented and known case of presumed plague spreading, that of Milan in 1630. Instead of persecution of foreign and impoverished plague cleaners (monatti), other outsiders, or the poor, as currently believed, it discovers that the butts of these suspicions were mainly insiders—native-born, propertied artisans, bankers, and military officers. On the other hand, those making the accusations and those executing the punishments stitched a seemingly unconscious coalition between impoverished women and Milanese elites backed by the city’s Health Board, one of the most advanced in Europe, the city’s prestigious physicians, and its archbishop.

Die „Erfindung“ der Barmherzigkeit im Alten Israel. Biblische und nachbiblische Perspektiven

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Shimon Gesundheit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

Abstract For quite a long time it has been part of the opinio communis within Hebrew Bible scholarship that compassion and empathy with persona miserae is in its very meaning invented by Ancient Israel. This view has been challenged by a comparative study of Frank C. Fensham. The present article shows on the one hand that care for the poor, widows and orphans is in fact not innovative. On the other hand, a closer analysis is able to show that the biblical and Jewish care for the strangers, slaves and animals is indeed unique.

The Cosmopolitanism of the Poor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviano Santiago ◽  
Magdalena Edwards ◽  
Paulo Lemos Horta
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Silviano Santiago ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
Second Generation Migrants ◽  
Afro Brazilian

Writing in the Luso-Brazilian context, Silviano Santiago again calls for a cosmopolitanism from below. In Portugal, he writes, elite cosmopolitanism is bound up with the legacy of empire and empire-returned captains of commerce; it tends to be found in private school and luxury hotels. For the poor who leave Portugal for Paris, by contrast, cosmopolitanism is more likely to register as an experience of loss—perhaps most poignantly, among second-generation migrants, loss of the Portuguese language itself, a closing off rather than an expansion of familial and cultural connections. On the other hand, Santiago also contrasts the Europhile and state-sanctioned cosmopolitanism of Brazilian diplomats with the vibrancy of more popular modes of cosmopolitanism that emerge from the favelas and draw upon Afro-Brazilian histories and South-South resonances.

Adam Smith on What Is Wrong with Economic Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS C. RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

This article explores Adam Smith's attitude toward economic inequality, as distinct from the problem of poverty, and argues that he regarded it as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, as has often been recognized, Smith saw a high degree of economic inequality as an inevitable result of a flourishing commercial society, and he considered a certain amount of such inequality to be positively useful as a means of encouraging productivity and bolstering political stability. On the other hand, it has seldom been noticed that Smith also expressed deep worries about some of the other effects of extreme economic inequality—worries that are, moreover, interestingly different from those that dominate contemporary discourse. In Smith's view, extreme economic inequality leads people to sympathize more fully and readily with the rich than the poor, and this distortion in our sympathies in turn undermines both morality and happiness.

"Yang Lain" Dalam Pemikiran Levinas dan Ricoeur Terkait Prinsip Hidup Bermasyarakat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-162
Author(s):  
John C. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Political Theology ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
The Stranger

Levinas and Ricoeur share a concerted attention for the Other. Each bases his thought upon the understanding that philosophy ought primarily be construed as ethics, with a political dimension able to transform life unto justice. However, each also approaches the task of justice differently. Levinas adopts an asymmetric ethic that I should do justice to the poor, the stranger, the marginalized and the orphaned, yet without expecting anything in return. For him, such responsibility precedes one’s being. On the other hand, Ricoeur adopts a symmetrical and reciprocal ethics, where the praxis of a good and just life resembled collaboration, where each person contributes ideas and efforts to promote that very same good and just life. Ricoeur likewise sounds an ethical call for justice within institutions, such as the nation-state that becomes a vehicle for collaborate efforts toward justice. Asymmetrical as well as symmetrical ethical callings signal equally vital elements for the construction of a contextual political theology in Indonesia. This article highlights two crucial themes in fair economic behavior and religiously based communalism. Within the frame of a democratic nation-state, the communalistic nature of Pancasila can serve as a means for political theologizing that shifts the orientation from center to periphery.

scholarly journals Proper name-marking via liaison in French

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-652
Author(s):  
Natascha Pomino ◽  
Elisabeth Stark
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The One

Abstract The liaison consonant [z] in French noun phrases has traditionally been assumed to function as a plural marker. The realization of “plural [z]” in N(oun)-A(djective)-combinations is becoming, however, very rare in naturalistic data – except for contexts which allow a proper-name reading. On the one hand, one might think that we are dealing with a recent phenomenon, the beginning of a potential linguistic change in French in the sense of exaptation, reuse of former morphophonological material such as plural markers to signal proper-namehood in the sense of ‘frozen morphology’. If this turns out correct, we expect the productivity of the new synchronic function to increase: New NA-combinations which function as proper names should be realized systematically with liaison, and proper name-marking via liaison should also become possible with other liaison consonants. On the other hand, we may be dealing with a (completed) diachronic process, in that only those NA-combinations which allowed liaison at the relevant point in time may have a liaison consonant in their univerbalized form. That is, new NA-combinations, even though they are used as proper names, do not display a liaison consonant, because liaison is no longer possible. The purpose of this paper was to investigate, based on empirical studies, whether liaison productively marks NA-combinations which function as proper names and distinguishes them from NA-combinations that count as common nouns, or whether we are dealing with a completed diachronic process. In view of the poor productivity observed, we argue that we are dealing with cases of univerbation.

scholarly journals Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kepabean Penyeludupan Pakaian Bekas (Putusan No. 237/Pid.B/2016/PN.Tjb)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Roberto Tambunan ◽  
Suhatrizal Suhatrizal ◽  
Taufik Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government

Smuggling is a problem that often occurs in Indonesia, so the smuggling problem must receive the full attention of the government to be immediately addressed. As a national legal product based on the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the form of the Proactive and Anticipatory Customs Law is still very simple, on the other hand it must reach a broader aspect to anticipate the development of trade. The method of this research is Library Research and Field Research. The negative impact of smuggling used clothing is very detrimental to the domestic industry and detrimental to the country's income and economy, but on the other hand there are also positive impacts on the poor that benefit from being able to buy ex-foreign goods from smuggling at low prices and higher quality high. As one of the Government Agencies participating in the effort to eradicate the smuggling of used clothing and the public should not be easily tempted by the import price of used clothing which is cheaper than local clothing, because the level of health is not necessarily guaranteed.

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