scholarly journals A Gross and Histomorphological Study of the Umbilical Cord in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Kumar Chakraborty ◽  
BM Ali Yousuf ◽  
Laila Anjuman Banu ◽  
Khondker Manzare Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Clinically the adverse effects of the diabetes on the out come of pregnancy are well established. The present study was designed to look for the impacts of gestational diabetes on the gross and histomorphological features of the umbilical cord. Type of study: A descriptive study having analytical components. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, from May 2006 to April 2007. Materials: Total fifty (50) umbilical cords with the placenta were collected within 36th to 40th weeks of gestation from Chittagong Medical College hospital and Memon maternity hospital of Chittagong City Corporation. Out of them 25 cords were from non diabetic pregnant mother (Control group) and 25 cords from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM group). Method: After proper fixation with 10% formalin the diameter of the umbilical cord were measured with a vernier calipers in millimeters. Circumference, Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of the umbilical cord and CSA of the Wharton’s jelly were measured by computerized micrometric method in millimeters and sq. millimeters respectively. Number of the umbilical vessels were examined and counted on the cut surface of the umbilical cord, later confirmed by histological examination. Presence or absence of the true knots were noted. Result: Among the gross morphological variables of the umbilical cord, the mean diameter was significantly larger in the GDM group than in the Control group (P< 0.05). Though the mean circumference, mean CSA of the umbilical cord and mean CSA of the Wharton's jelly were found to be higher in the GDM group than in the Control group, but the difference did not reach to the significant level. All the cords of the GDM group, the umbilical cord contained two arteries and one vein, whereas, two cords of the Control group, the umbilical cord had three arteries and one vein and one cord contain four arteries and one vein. No true knots were found in any groups. Pearson’s correlation test revealed significant positive correlation in both GDM and Control groups between mean diameter and circumference of the umbilical cord (r = 0.881, P = 0.000 & r = 0.689, P = 0.000) and between CSA of the umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly (r = 0.988, P = 0.000 & r = 0.990, P = 0.000). Key words: Umbilical cord; Gross and Histomorphology; GDM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bja.v9i1.8143 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 21-25

scholarly journals Tissues derived from reprogrammed Wharton’s jelly stem cells of the umbilical cord as a platform to study gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 101880
Author(s):  
Chiou Mee Kong ◽  
Subramanian Arjunan ◽  
Shu Uin Gan ◽  
Arijit Biswas ◽  
Ariff Bongso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Increased Erythropoietin Level Affecting Differentiation Potency of Haematopoietic Stem Cell of Umbilical Cord Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S. Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group

Background: The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes.Methods: UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique.Result: The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors' colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and quality of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC regarding its differentiation potency, including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters, i.e., volume, total nucleated count (TNC), and total CD34+ cells, were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitor colonies was significantly reduced in the GDM group, except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with a higher EPO level in the GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy, such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Prospective study on sonographic measurement of umbilical cord thickness, foetal fat layer, interventricular septal thickness as predictors of macrosomia in fetus of women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Janani N. ◽  
Vimala D. ◽  
Gayathri N.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Septal Thickness

Background: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the Prediction of foetal macrosomia based on sonographic measurements of foetal fat layer, Interventricular septal thickness and umbilical cord thickness in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at term.Methods: After assessment of inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 antenatal women of gestational age more than 37 weeks selected for study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda variyar medical college and hospital, Salem. Participants underwent a third trimester scan and three extra measurements i.e. Umbilical cord thickness, Interventricular septal thickness and foetal fat layer are measured in addition to the normal examination.Results: In present study umbilical cord thickness had good sensitivity and negative predictive value. Hence, if umbilical cord thickness is less than 90th centile the chance of macrosomia is less, the cut off of foetal fat layer ≥5 mm as predictor of macrosomia had sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 86.4% and cut off of Interventricular septal thickness ≥3.9mm as a predictor of macrosomia had sensitivity of 84.2%, specificity of 64.2%, negative predictive value of 95.9%. Thus, interventricular septal thickness and foetal fat layer is a reliable predictor of macrosomia.Conclusions: From this study authors concluded that Umbilical cord thickness, foetal fat layer and Interventricular septal thickness are good predictors of foetal macrosomia. In the assessment of risk of macrosomia in addition to the ultrasonographic measurements the clinical risk factors must be considered.

scholarly journals Serum magnesium and copper levels in Bangladeshi women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background and objectives: Alteration of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) concentrations in blood has been observed in normal pregnancy as well as in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was aimed to evaluate the serum Mg and Cu levels in Bangladeshi women with GDM in their second and third trimester of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. Pregnant women, in their second and third trimester, attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Endocrinology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. GDM was diagnosed on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as defined in WHO criteria 2013. Blood glucose was estimated by enzymatic GOD-PAP colorimetric method. The cut off value for fasting plasma glucose level was ?6.1 mmol/L or ?7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. Serum Cu was estimated by 3, 5-DiBr-PAESA method and Mg by Xylidyl Blue-I Method as per manufacturer’s instruction.Results: A total of 172 pregnant women in their second and third trimester were enrolled. Out of 172 participants, 86 had GDM and 86 were normoglycemic (control). The mean age of GDM and control groups was 28.6±3.2 years and 27.3±3.1 years respectively. The BMI was 26.4±1.5 m/kg2 and 26.3±1.3 m/kg2. Serum Mg level was significantly low (p< 0.001) in 2nd and 3rd trimesters in GDM cases (1.39±0.26 mg/dl and 0.93±0.15 mg/dl) compared to control group (1.67±0.3 mg/dl and 1.67±0.31mg/dl). On the contrary, serum Cu levels in GDM cases were significantly (p<0.002) higher in both trimesters (224±333.8 ?g/dl and 243.91±6.89 ?g/dl) compared to those without GDM (220.1±7.6 ?g/dl and 234.9±4.6 ?g/dl). There was significant (p<0.001) increase of serum Cu levels in 3rd trimester compared to 2nd trimester in both GDM and non GDM cases.Conclusion: There was distinct alteration of serum Mg and Cu levels in GDM compared to normal pregnancy.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 25-28

scholarly journals Folic acid deficiency related to hyperhomocystinemia has less correlation with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shamim Ara Begum ◽  
Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Chanchal Kumar Mandal ◽  
Md Moynul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Kawsar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
The Mean

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a different degree of the glucose intolerance that begins during pregnancy. GDM affects maternal and child health and is associated with a potential for preeclampsia, caesarean delivery due to macrosomic baby and type 2 diabetes in the mother, and with higher rates of perinatal mortally and many abnormalities in the infant. Homocysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy) is increased homocysteine levels which are associated folic acid deficiency. Hcy is regulated by several factors including genetically determined metabolic enzyme alteration, nutritional status, underlying disease, certain medication, age and pregnancy. A total of (40 case+40control) 80 patients are included in this study, it was observed that majority 21(52.5%) patients were age belonged to 31-35 years in case group and 17(42.5%) patients were age belonged to 31-35 years in control group. The mean age was found 30.5±4.2 years in case group and 29.05±4.2 years in control group. Majority 19(47.5%) patients had 3rd gravida in case group and 20(50.0%) patients had 3rd gravida in control group. Majority patients BMI belonged to 25-29.9 kg/m2 (over weight) in both groups which was 21(52.5%) in case and 32(80.0%) in control group. The mean BMI was found 28.9±3.4 kg/m2 in case and 28.53±2.9 kg/m2 in control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. Studies have shown that folate deficiency is associated with increased homocysteine levels in blood.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2016; 6 (1): 01-07

scholarly journals Impacts of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Mother and the Neonate – A Descriptive Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Kumar Chakraborty ◽  
BM Ali Yousuf ◽  
Shaikhul Islam ◽  
Mst Laila Anjuman Banu ◽  
Raziuddin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
The Mean

Context: Pregnancy complicated by diabetes is a significant medical problem not only affecting maternal health, but also jeopardizing fetal normalcy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder that frequently causes maternal and fetal complications. The present study was done to see the impacts of GDM on mother and neonate. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong. From May 2006 to April 2007. Material: Total number of subjects were seventy, of which 35 were non diabetic pregnant Bangladeshi Bengoli mother (Control group) and 35 were mothers with GDM (GDM group). All GDM mother were under insulin therapy having HbA1C within 6.5% to 6.8%. Method: Relevant data of the mother (Age, weight, gestational period, parity) and the neonate (birth weight, APGAR score) were collected by taking history and hospital record book. APGAR score at 1st minute was taken from the records as determined by the on-duty Anesthetist. Result: Among the maternal and neonatal variables the mean age, gestational period and parity of the mother were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the Control group (P = 0.01, P = 0.00, P = 0.01 respectively). The mean weight of the mother and the mean neonatal birth weight were also higher in the GDM group, but not differ significantly. The mean APGAR score was found to be slightly lower in the GDM group than in the Control group, but the difference was not significant from the statistical point of view. Conclusion: The present study shows that the GDM may have some adverse impacts on the mother and neonate. Further study with larger sample size having vigorous exclusion criteria is recommended. Key words: Gestatational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM); Mother; Neonate. DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i2.7018Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2010, Vol. 8 No. 2 pp. 64-63

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Markers IL-10 and IL-35: Role in Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Bahar ◽  
Ozra Akha ◽  
Mahdi Bordbar ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Rezaali Mohammadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Inflammatory state is considered as the pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Cytokines can cause insulin resistance and maybe the molecular basis of inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Aim: To assess the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in addition to a new anti-inflammatory cytokine marker Interleukin-35 (IL-35) in pregnant women with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included 29 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 29 healthy pregnant women (control group). Blood levels of IL-10, IL-35, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were measured in all participants. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Quantitative data between three gestational subgroups (<29, 29-32 and >32 weeks) in each GDM and control group were compared by ANOVA test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean levels of IL-10 were 1.03±0.85 and 0.83±0.57 pg/mL (p=0.284) and the mean IL-35 concentrations were 10.2±8.1 and 8.8±4.3 pg/mL (p=0.437) in GDM and control groups, respectively. The mean CRP and ESR levels were higher in the GDM group than the controls but the differences were not statistically significant. In the GDM group, IL-10 was significantly lower at the early stage of pregnancy (<29 weeks) compared to the later stage (>32 weeks) (p=0.04), but this was not true in the control group. There was no significant difference between the mean level of IL-35 at different gestational ages in both GDM and control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed the decreased level of anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in the late stage of pregnancy in diabetic women especially during the last weeks of gestation. New inflammatory marker IL-35 was not statistically significant in GDM subjects.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Utero Environment

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors’ colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM=94.19 ± 6.21, Control=73.61 ± 2.73, p=0.010 ). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

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