scholarly journals Screening of different plant extracts against leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hossain ◽  
I Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Almost All

A study was undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of foliar spray with 33 plant extracts against leaf spot (Tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide were included in the experiment as checks and spray of plain water represented control. Almost all treatments gave considerable reduction in disease incidence and increase in growth parameters, pod and haulm yield compared to control. The most effective materials were Bavistin 50 WP, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of neem, tomato, datura black, and datura white. The materials decreased spot number per leaf, defoliation per plant, incidence of leaf spot, and number of infected leaf per plant by 35.45 -60.07, 42.06-72.20, 51.97–63.58, and 38.33 to 46.89 % and increased pod yield and haulm yield by 64.37-111.41 and 32.35- 74.71 %, respectively. The materials may be recommended against the disease after economic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16976 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 491-503, September 2013

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot on Onion Caused by Fusarium acuminatum in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1384-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkunan ◽  
P. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Laboratory Manual ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
The Impact

An unknown disease was observed on shallot onions (Allium cepa L.) in Tattnall County, Georgia, in September of 2012. Disease symptoms included leaf tip die back and scattered light brown lesions on leaves, oval to round in shape, with a size ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm. The disease occurred in approximately 1.2 ha of commercial onion fields, and disease incidence ranged from 50 to 70%. Infected leaf tissues from 10 plants were surface sterilized with 0.5% NaOCl and plated on quarter-strength potato dextrose agar (QPDA). The fungus grew on all plates, producing bright orange to rose pigmentation in the medium after incubation at 25°C for 5 days. The fungus produced sickle shaped macroconidia with 3 to 6 septa, 4 to 5 μm wide, and 30 to 54 μm in length. Chlamydospores were formed in chains and averaged 20.4 × 16.8 μm. The fungus was identified as Fusarium sp. based on morphological characteristics (3). Genomic DNA was extracted from single conidial cultures of three representative isolates and the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2). MegaBLAST analysis of the sequences showed that they were 100% identical to a Fusarium acuminatum isolate (Accession No. JN624894). ITS sequence of an isolate FAON-1 was deposited in GenBank (KC477845). Pathogenicity tests were performed with the three isolates grown on QPDA at 25°C for 7 days. Eight-week-old shallot onion seedlings were inoculated by foliar spray with conidial suspensions at 2 × 106 spores/ml (5 ml per plant). Ten plants were inoculated with each isolate and 10 plants were sprayed with water as a control. The plants were incubated in a humidified chamber at (25 ± 3°C) with >95% relative humidity and 12-h photoperiod for 48 h after inoculation, and then kept in a greenhouse at 22 ± 2°C. Inoculated plants started to show symptoms identical to those observed in the field 7 days after inoculation, and disease incidence reached 100% within 14 days. No disease occurred on the control plants. The fungus was reisolated from the diseased plants and confirmed to be F. acuminatum based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification. Onion was previously reported to be a host of F. acuminatum in Montana (4). To our knowledge, this study is the first report confirming F. acuminatum causing disease on onion in Georgia. Onion is a major vegetable crop in Georgia with an annual production of approximately 5,000 ha (1). Occurrence of leaf spot caused by F. acuminatum and the impact of the disease needs to be considered in developing and implementing disease management programs in onion production. References: (1) S. R. Boatright and J. C. Mckissick, Univ. of Georgia CAES Publication AR-10-02, 2010. (2) M. A. Innes et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 1990. (3) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (4) C. G. Shaw. Washington State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 765:12, 1973.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

scholarly journals Incidence of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Resistant, Susceptible and Hybridized Population of Groundnut Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
M. C. Kottayi ◽  
D. D. Saoji ◽  
S. E. Pawar ◽  
A. D. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Mutant Lines

The disease incidence of Cercosporidium personatum in field was analysed in the hybridized population derived from the resistant mutant lines of the cultivar ICGV-87304 and TAG-24 & TG-26. Reciprocal crosses were performed using the same parents. The comparison of disease incidence in hybridized population was made with resistant cultivar Girnar-1. Susceptible parents TAG-24 and TG-26 showed disease incidence of 14.08 and 16.40%, respectively while Girnar-1 and the resistant mutant parents showed percentage infection ranging from 0.06-0.96%. The plants raised from the hybridized population showed the percent infection ranging from 0.01 to 0.02 %.

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

scholarly journals Evaluation of garlic, BAU-biofungicide, bion and chemical fungicides in controlling leaf spot of Taro

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
MAS Sohag ◽  
MT Hossen ◽  
MS Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Garlic extract @ 10%, BAU-Biofungicide @ 2%, Bion@ 0.2%, Bavistin DF (Carbendazim) @ 0.1% and Proud 250EC (Propiconazole) @ 0.1%  for controlling leaf spot disease of taro (Colocasia esculenta). Performance of these treatments was assessed by applying as cormel treatment and foliar spray. Cormel treatment under field experiment was found effective for BAU-Biofungicide and Proud 250EC. Bavistin DF and Proud 250EC was more effective than other treatments in increasing plant height and healthy leaves, and in decreasing spotted and dead leaves. Before foliar spraying, BAU-Biofungicide as cormel treatment reduced the disease incidence (46.19%) and severity (25.28%) of taro leaf spot at 180 days after sowing. As foliar spray all the treatments has significant effect on taro leaf spot. Among the treatments BAU-Biofungicide was found superior to control leaf spot of taro. BAU-Biofungicide resulted maximum reduction of disease incidence and severity and increase in number of healthy leaf followed by Bion and Proud 250EC. BAU-Biofungicide showed enhanced results in terms of disease incidence and severity of leaf spot of Taro before and after foliar spraying.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 167--173, 2017

Effect of In-Furrow and Early-Season Banded Applications of Fungicides on Incidence of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Yun-Ching Tsai ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fungicide Application

Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2012-2014 to determine the effect of in-furrow applications of prothioconazole and early-season banded applications of prothioconazole or pyraclostrobin on incidence of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In each year, border rows were planted in May as a source of inoculum for plants in the treatment plots. Plots were planted in August or September after epidemics of early leaf spot were severe in the border plots. Fungicide application regimes included two rates (100 and 200 g a.i./ha) of prothioconazole applied in-furrow at planting, and 200 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole or 164 g a.i./ha of pyraclostrobin applied concentrated in a 30-cm band 21 days after planting (DAP). Incidence (percent of leaflets with one or more leaf spot) of early leaf spot was monitored until 54 to 57 days after planting in each year. In all years, disease incidence was below 10% at 28 DAP in plots treated with 200 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole in-furrow compared to over 40% in nontreated plots at the same time. In-furrow applications of 100 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole were less effective, but suppressed leaf spot incidence compared to the control. Banded applications of either fungicide at 21 DAP resulted in a decrease in leaf spot incidence, and prevented increase in leaf spot incidence for 19 days or longer. Accepted for publication 30 November 2015. Published 3 December 2015.

Inheritance of Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in Six Virginia-type Peanut Lines1,3

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Kornegay ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract The inheritance of resistance to two cercospora leaf-spots, Cercospora arachidicola (early leafspot) and Cercosporidium personatum (late leafspot) in Virginia-type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), was determined using F1 and F2 generations and parental lines from a six parent diallel cross under natural field conditions. Two techniques for rating disease severity were employed. General combining ability, determined from both rating techniques, was significant for both F1 and F2 generations, indicating that resistance to both fungi and tolerance to infection i. e., minimal leaf defoliation, was primarily due to additive genetic effects. The six parents produced offspring with different levels of resistance to both fungi. From the estimates of general combining ability effects, only NC-GP 343 and NC 5 produced progeny resistant to both early and late leaf-spot. NC 3033 was resistant to early leafspot, but susceptible to late leafspot. NC-Ac 3139, Florigiant and NC 2 were resistant to late leafspot, but susceptible to early leaf-spot. Disease indices ranked NC 3033 and NC-GP 343 as, overall, the most resistant of the six lines and the most useful to include in a cercospora leafspots resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Varietal Screening of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentusl. Moench ) Against Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus Under Different Management Practices at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
R. Poudel ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
K. Poudel ◽  
A. Chaudhary ◽  
N. Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

The experiment was conducted in the Horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal from March, 2017 to June, 2017 to screen the varieties of okra against Okra yellow vein mosaic virus under different management practices. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Split plot design and replicated three times. Five varieties of okra viz. Parvati, Arka Anamika, NOH-15, Super Green and Julie were used and five treatments viz. Jholmol (1:5), Azadiracthin (5ml/L), Imidacloprid (2ml/L), cow milk (100ml/L) and control (distilled water) were used as foliar spray on plants. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was higher in Julie followed by Arka Anamika. The white fly count was found to be reduced after the application of treatments in the succeeding date in almost all varieties. The efficiency of the management practices was found to be significant with Super Green and Julie varieties with least Percent Disease Incidence(PDI) value and in par with each other. Imidacloprid and Azadiractin had the leastPDI value and the combination of Super Green variety with Imidacloprid, Super Green with Jholmol, Super Green with cow milk, Julie with Imidacloprid, NOH-15 with Imidacloprid were found resistant. Similarly, the highest yield was obtained in Julie with Imidaclropid combination. However, due to the maximum waiting period of this chemical as well as its negative impact on human and plant health, Julie with Azadirachtin combination can be suggested to farmers to have eco-friendly management of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Essential Oils and Their Components for Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity and Control of Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krishna Kishore ◽  
S. Pande ◽  
S. Harish
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Late Leaf Spot

Clove oil, cinnamon oil, and five essential oil components (citral, eugenol, geraniol, limonene, and linalool) were tested for growth inhibition of 14 phytopathogenic fungi. Citral completely inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, and Phoma sorghina in paper disc agar diffusion assays. Cinnamon oil, citral, and clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited the spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis by >90% in vitro. Limonene and linalool were observed to be the least antifungal against the test fungi and were not used in further studies. Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spray 10 min before Phaeoisariopsis personata inoculation reduced the severity of late leaf spot of peanut up to 58% when challenge inoculated with 104 conidia ml-1. This treatment was more effective (P = 0.01) than 0.5% (vol/vol) citral, cinnamon oil, or clove oil and 1% (vol/vol) eugenol or geraniol. Seed treatment with the test compounds had no effect on the incidence of crown rot in peanut in Aspergillus niger-infested soil. However, soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. These two treatments were more effective (P < 0.01) than geraniol on preemergence rotting, and more effective than citral, eugenol, and geraniol on postemergence wilting. All treatments significantly outperformed the nontreated control but none were as effective as thiram treatment.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Mancozeb 75 WP with some plant extracts in the integrated management of Cercospora leaf spot disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
V.O. Dania ◽  
N. E. Sam
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Combined Application

The use of synthetic mancozeb fungicide has not been effective in the control of okra leaf spot (Pseudocercospora abelmoschi) disease amidst critical issues of environmental concerns. Therefore, this study evaluated the compatibility of mancozeb 75 WP with some botanicals in the integrated management of the disease. Laboratory assay was a 3×4×2 factorial laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications, while the field experiment was a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments. Four extract concentrations, 15, 30, 45 and 50% w/v and 0.5 g/l Mancozeb 75 WP were evaluated. The application of Syzygium aromaticum extract at 50% w/v concentration had the highest mycelial growth reduction of 71.89% of the pathogen. The soil textural class was sandy loam and treatments effect on okra growth indices did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The highest pod yield of 15.48 t/ha-1 was obtained in treatment inoculated with P. abelmoschi. but treated with a combination of S. aromaticum and Mancozeb. The same treatment had the lowest disease incidence of 4.01%, while combined application of C. papaya, S. aromaticum and Mancozeb recorded significantly (p<0.05) lower disease severity among inoculated plants. Therefore, this combination is recommended as foliar spray on okra in place of Mancozeb.

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