scholarly journals Growth responses of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) plants grown at different planting density using PVC pipe under protected cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar Sharma ◽  
Anil Kumar Godara
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Pvc Pipe

Production of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie under soilless system (Horizontal and A-shape structures) at six different planting densities using two diameters of PVC pipes in a actively ventilated poly house was attempted. Significant differences were observed in growth parameters, namely number of leaves, petiole length, plant height, plant spread and crown diameter. The results showed that the plants grown at D3 (20 plants/m2) significantly increased the number of leaves (9.76 and 12.49) and plant spread (24.44 and 25.69 cm) compared to other planting densities. The planting density significantly influenced the petiole length and plant height also in strawberry. The maximum petiole length (8.43 and 8.64 cm) and plant height (13.92 and 15.31 cm) were recorded from D3 (12 plants/m2), however non-significant difference was observed between D3 and D4. In future, these experimental results will prove very useful to find out most suitable plant geometry for better growth of strawberry.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Sorghum Forage (Sorghum Bicolor ( L.) Moench Cv.) under Three Cuttings System

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afzal ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
Au.H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.) under three cutting system to determine the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the season 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), using three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/acre in the form of urea. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area is determined periodically. First reading taken after 20 days of sowing while second and third was taken after 15 days of first cutting. Yield parameter like plant population, fresh and dry weight was determined in three cuttings. Results showed that increasing nitrogen dose increased all growth attributes. Results revealed for first, second and third cuttings showed significant differences at all growth attributes. Thus, the maximum plant height was observed in N4 (100 kg N/acre), having plant height 193.92, 195.24 and 192.79 cm in first, second and third cutting, respectively, which was followed by the treatment N3 (75 kg N/acre), having 179.70 cm in first cutting, while second and third cutting have same plant height 168.62 cm. The exception was the plant population showed non significant behavior in second and third cutting while number of leaves per plant in second cutting only and protein % in third cutting showed non significant difference with nitrogen application.

scholarly journals Effect of Gypsum on Rice Growth in Three Salt- affected Agricultural Soils in the Ho-Keta Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
L. Sackey ◽  
E. Osei ◽  
E. O. Bennoah ◽  
A. Tettey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Attributes

Aims: To assess the growth attribute of NERRICA- L19 rice in three salt-affected Agricultural soils amended with Gypsum from the Ho- Keta plain in the Volta region, Ghana. Study Design: Complete Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi between June 2016 and July 2019. Methodology: Approximately 2.6 kg of the soil samples were taken from three different sites, namely, Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife and were mixed thoroughly with different rates 0%, 75% and 100% of Gypsum, (CaSO4.2H2O) and filled into thirty six perforated polyvinyl plastic pots. The pots were saturated with water and incubated for 24 h. Twenty-one-day old seedlings of NERRICA- L 19 rice were transplanted into the pots, arranged in a randomized complete design and leached for four weeks. Core sample of the soils from each pot were taken and analyzed at the end of the experiment. Data on growth attributes (plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers) and leave tissue compositions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and N) were measured. Results: The study revealed that Gypsum rates at (75 and 100%) increased the growth attributes and tissue concentrations of NERRICA- L 19 rice compared to the control. Growth parameters, such as plant height, number of leaves and tiller for Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife soils, increased as Gypsum levels increased with significant differences in the height of the plants and the number of plant leaves recorded (P = 0.05).  However there was no significant difference in tillers growth recorded for Atiehife soil, compared to Anyako and Anyenui soils (P = 0.05). The chemical constituents of the leave tissue, showed high composition of calcium and potassium than magnesium, while the composition of sodium decreased. The concentration of calcium, magnesium and potassium increased significantly at (P = 0.05) in Anyako and Atiehife soils with no-significant level in Anyenui soil. The trend was the same for the concentration of sodium. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus increased as the level of treatment increased. In respect to P accumulation, the differences were not significant in Atiehife soils, but was significant in Anyako and Anyenui soils. Conclusion: Gypsum application significantly enhanced nutrient uptake and increased the growth attributes of NERRICA - L19 rice compared to the control. Atiehife soil responded better to the reclamation process than the remaining soils, showing high growth performance. Gypsum applied at the rate of 16.92 kg/ha was recommended for adoption.

scholarly journals Application of Taxonomic Classification in Soil Fertility Management Using Maize (Zea mays L.) as Test Crop in Alfisols of Makurdi, Benue State

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Jacob Usman ◽  
S. Idoga ◽  
O.J. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The Alfisols of Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State was studied with the aim to characterize and classify the soils and determine the optimum fertilizer rate for maize production on the selected soil type of the study area. The soils were formed on Makurdi sand stone, deep (141 cm) and well drained. They were coarse-textured and moderately acidic in reaction (pH 6.6 – 7.0). They had low organic carbon contents ranging from 3.36 to 3.78 % and high base saturation of 58.6 % to 77.4 %. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, the soils were classified as Eutric Ochrustalfs/Eutric Luvisols. In terms of growth parameters; plant height and number of leaves were not significantly different while leaf area, leaf area index and the stem diameter were significantly different. The highest (130.60 cm, 12.30 and 79.88 mm) plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were observed at the rate of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha of fertilizer. In terms of yield parameters, ear weight and grain yield were not statistically significant whereas, ear length and ear diameter were statistically significant. However, NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha showed the highest (178 g) ear weight while application of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha gave the highest (2.82 kg) grain yield. Since there was no significant difference between the fertilizer rates, it could be concluded that the minimum application rate (NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha) should be used in cultivating maize in Alfisols of Makurdi instead of the highest or the blanket recommendation which involved higher cost.

scholarly journals Effects of planting density on the growth and forage yield of two varieties of millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm. F.) grown in Ekpoma, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Uhunomwan Omoregie ◽  
Sunday Ebonka Nwajei ◽  
Becky Efebuede Iredia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Density Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field study was carried out during the 2016 cropping season to determine the effect of planting density on the growth and yield performance of two varieties of millet at Ekpoma. Gero badeggi and Gero bida varieties were sown at three densities (111,111, 222,222 and 333,333 plants ha-1). The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial scheme laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The result shows that planting density had no significant effect on the growth parameters measured. However, Gero badeggi planted at 111,111 plants ha-1had the tallest plants, highest number of leaves/plant and stem girth while Gero bida planted at 333,333 plants ha-1 gave the shortest plants, least number of leaves/plant and stem girth, respectively. There was no significant difference in flowering trait amongst densities, but the varieties differed markedly in days to 50% flowering. Increasing planting density significantly (P<0.05) increased the forage yield. However, crops sown at higher densities had higher forage yield than the low density. The differences in observed between varieties were significant in some of the studied characters and thus millet sown at 111,111 and 333,333 plants/ha is recommended for millet production in the area.Keywords: Millet, planting density, growth and forage yield.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Varietal Responses of Cassava to time of Planting into Plantain Stands in a Plantain/Cassava Intercrop in Akure, South-West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Aiyelari P.O ◽  
Odede A.N ◽  
Agele S.O
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cassava Varieties

A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms of The Federal University of Technology Akure to evaluate the responses of cassava varieties to time of planting in plantain-based intercropping system in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The objectives were to identify the more compatible cassava variety for intercrop with plantain examine e the appropriate time to introduce cassava varieties into plantain/cassava intercrop and to identify the more compatible cassava variety for intercrop with plantain. The experiment involved the use of two varieties of cassava (TME 419 non branching and TMS 98/0581 moderately branched) planted at spacing of 1 x 1 m into the alleys of false horn plantain variety space at 3 x 2 m. The treatments were sole plantain, sole cassava varieties (TME 419 poorly branched variety and TMS 0581 branching variety), plantain + he respective cassava varieties (TME 419 and TMS 98/0581) at the same time, and plantain + the respective cassava varieties (TME 419 and TMS 98/0581) at 4 weeks after planting>the treatment plot size was 9 m x 6 m. The plantains and the two cassava varieties were planted sole as the control treatments. The introduction of cassava into plantain as intercrop was carried out at different times which were; at the same time with plantain, and at four (4) weeks after planting plantain. Data on growth parameters such as; plant height, pseudo-stem girth, number of leaves were taken for plantains, while plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of branches, height at branching were taken for cassava at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after planting (WAP). Yield parameters such as; bunch weight, number of fingers, number of hands, length of fingers, girth of fingers, weight of hands, weight of fingers were taken for plantains while number of tubers, weight of tubers, girth of tubers, length of tubers, fresh root yield, shoot biomass, were taken for cassava at harvest. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed a higher growth and yield performance for TME419 (49.2 t/ha) and TMS98/0581 (45.7 t/ha) planted sole, and TME 419 (39.5 t/ha) intercropped at planting compared to TMS 98/0581 (24.4 t/ha) intercropped at planting, TME 419 (21.7 t/ha) and TMS 98/0581 (15.7 t/ha) intercropped at 4 week after planting (WAP), respectively. But there was no significant difference (P<0.05) recorded for the growth of plantain, whereas the yield of sole plantain was higher and differed significantly (P<0.05) from the yields of intercropped plantain. All the treatment combinations had land equivalent ratio (LER) and area time equivalent ratio (ATER) greater than 1. Plantain + TME 419 intercropped at the same time recording the highest LER and ATER (1.48 and 1.5) while plantain + TMS 98/0581 had the least 1.11 and 1.14 respectively. The cost benefit analysis for the treatment combinations showed that TME 419 planted sole had the highest return of ₦3.567 per ₦1 invested, TME 419 intercropped at the same time gave a return of ₦3.416 per ₦1 invested, which was greater than other intercropped treatments. Intercropping cassava with plantain at the same time, as well as the use of TME 419 variety gave the best performance in terms of growth, yield, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio and returns on investment. This combination are recommended for plantain-based intercropping system involving cassava in the study area.

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of some Leguminous and Cereal forage crops in El Kadaru Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Eltahir A. Omer ◽  
Mohammed D. Fator ◽  
Wael A. Marajan ◽  
Esam Eldin M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Intercropping is not a common practice in forage production in Sudan, in spite of its importance; farmers don’t know the potentiality of this type of cultivation and more experiments needed to adopt this type of cropping system and it is an example of biological interaction. A field experiment was conducted under irrigation for two consecutive seasons during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 in the demonstration farm, college of Animal production, University of Bahri, Sudan to study the effect of intercropping of two leguminous forage crops (clitoria and phillipesara) cultivated with one non leguminous crop (Sorghum). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. Yield of sole crops produced more forage, but the total yield (Over yielding) of the intercropped plants as revealed by land equivalent ratio was higher compared with the individual crops. Clitoria growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) were not significantly affected by intercropping, but there was significant difference in plant population in the two seasons. Intercropping did not significantly affect growth parameters during the two seasons of Phillipesara except plant population and the first reading of plant height. Sorghum showed significant differences in plant population and some readings during the two seasons (the fourth reading of plant height in the first season, the first reading of number of leaves in first season, the fourth reading of stem diameter in the first season and the first reading of stem diameter in the second season).

scholarly journals UJI PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK GROWMORE PADA AKLIMATISASI TANAMAN ANGGREK Dendrobium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
GUSTI MARLINA ◽  
MARLINDA MARLINDA ◽  
HENI ROSNETI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

The research objective was determine the effect of various growth media and growmore fertilizer on the acclimatization of Dendrobium orchids. study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial consisting of 2 factors, the first is (M) of growing media which consists of 3 levels, namely: M1 (medium fern root), M2 (wood charcoal medium), M3 (coir media coconut) and the second is (G) growmore fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: G0 (without Growmore fertilizer), G1 (Growmore fertilizer 2 g / liter), G2 (fertilizer Growmore 4 g / liter), G3 (Growmore fertilizer 6 g / liter). Determine the growth of orchid plants, observations were made with the following parameters Growth Percentage (%), Plant Height (cm), Number of leaves (strands), and Number of tillers (stems). Data obtained were analyzed statistically, then continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the single treatment of the use of growing media did not have a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). The growth of growmore fertilizer also did not show a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). Interaction of the use of various growth media and growmore fertilizer did not show a significant effect on the percentage of growth (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems).

scholarly journals STUDIES ON INCREASED PLANT POPULATION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L) IN YOLA AND MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-36
Author(s):  
Mamudu Njodi ◽  
Mohammed D. Toungos ◽  
Mu’azu Babayola ◽  
Hassan Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Field experiment were conducted at Yola and Mubi locations to study the effects of increased plant population of five (5) varieties of maize Viz:  SAMMAZ 11, SAMMAZ  14, SAMMAZ 15, SAMMAZ 16, and SAMMAZ 17 on yield and yield component during the 2011 cropping season. The experimental design was a split plot design with maize varieties as the main plot treatments, while plant population, (53,333, 63,333, 80,000 and 106,666) as the sub-plot treatments. The treatment were replicated three (3) times. Characters measured included plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of days to 50% tasseling, number of day to 50 % silking, days to 95% maturity, number of ear per plant, stem diameter, length of ear, diameter of ear, number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight, number of grains per ear. Yield per plot and total grain yield per hectare. The result of the experiments showed that there was significant difference due to varietal effect in plant height at 3 WAS in Yola and at 7 WAS and 9 WAS in Mubi. Variety also affects days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking and days to 95% maturity at both locations. Variety also affects ear length at both locations. Interaction of variety and population affected harvest index in Mubi. Population significantly affected yield per plant, yield per plot, total grain yield per hectare in both locations. Combined analysis result showed highly significant effect due to location on plant height at 3 and 5 WAS and also due to variety. Location also affected number of leaves per plant significantly at 3WAS and highly significantly at 5, 7, 9 and 11 WAS. Varieties affected number of leaves per plant at 5 and 9 WAS and was highly significant at 11 WAS.  Location and varieties affected days to 50% tasseling, days to 50 % silking and days to 95% maturity, while population only affected days to 50% silking. Diameter of ear and harvest index was highly significant by location and on number of grains per row. Varieties also showed significant differences in length of ear. Location affected straw weight per plant, while varieties affected yield per plant and yield per plot, weight of 100 grain yield and total grain yield per hectare was also highly significantly affected. Population affected yield per plant, especially the ones in Yola. Straw weight, total grain yield and weight of 100 grain were significantly affected. SAMMAZ 15 which gave a plant population of 106,666 ha-1 is recommended at both locations.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and  no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed  and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of  primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as Influenced by Poultry Manure and Biochar in Two (2) Soil Depths

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
F. B. Musa ◽  
F. O. Abiodun ◽  
A. R. Falana ◽  
B. H. Ugege ◽  
R. V. Oyewumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
And Control

Background and Objective: Unproductive soil has been a major problem to farmers, recent interest in the use of a stable organic manure (biochar) as soil amendment and poultry manure to increase soil fertility is also increasing. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the condition of poultry manure and biochar on the growth and yield of tomato. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, using polyethylene bag with 5 kg soil collected at two (2) soils depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth at the botanical garden, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment).The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan and raised in a germination basket. Data were collected weekly on plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves, 50% days to flowering and yield of tomato plants from two weeks after transplanting (WAT). Data collected were analyzed statistically using ANOVA while means were separated using LSD (p<0.05) where applicable. Results: In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used. The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha). All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT, while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks. However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was  significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha) and can be compared with other treatments. Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of  biochar 10t/ha. Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits. Conclusion: Based on this result, biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment.

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