scholarly journals Effects of global warming on plateau plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 963-968
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Hui Kong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function ◽  
Change Response

Biological and ecological environment in the plateau climate warming, abiotic environmental factors to different degrees of change were summed up from the macroscopic level to microcosmic individual physiological level of global climate change response model. The study summarized the research achievements at home and abroad, pointed out the plant phenology, photosynthesis, nutrient structure and presents different response patterns. These different response modes, from micro to macro, will eventually lead to changes in the structure and function of the Plateau ecosystem. This will threaten the survival and development of the Plateau plants on a large scale. Finally, the future research emphases in this field would be prospected. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 963-968, 2021 (September) Special

Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-119
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vissers ◽  
Pieter Moors ◽  
Dominique Genin ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Science Collaboration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response

Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.

The short-term responses of small mammals to wildfire in semiarid mallee shrubland, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke T. Kelly ◽  
Dale G. Nimmo ◽  
Lisa M. Spence-Bailey ◽  
Michael F. Clarke ◽  
Andrew F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
And Function

Context. Wildfire is a major driver of the structure and function of mallee eucalypt- and spinifex-dominated landscapes. Understanding how fire influences the distribution of biota in these fire-prone environments is essential for effective ecological and conservation-based management. Aims. We aimed to (1) determine the effects of an extensive wildfire (118 000 ha) on a small mammal community in the mallee shrublands of semiarid Australia and (2) assess the hypothesis that the fire-response patterns of small mammals can be predicted by their life-history characteristics. Methods. Small-mammal surveys were undertaken concurrently at 26 sites: once before the fire and on four occasions following the fire (including 14 sites that remained unburnt). We documented changes in small-mammal occurrence before and after the fire, and compared burnt and unburnt sites. In addition, key components of vegetation structure were assessed at each site. Key results. Wildfire had a strong influence on vegetation structure and on the occurrence of small mammals. The mallee ningaui, Ningaui yvonneae, a dasyurid marsupial, showed a marked decline in the immediate post-fire environment, corresponding with a reduction in hummock-grass cover in recently burnt vegetation. Species richness of native small mammals was positively associated with unburnt vegetation, although some species showed no clear response to wildfire. Conclusions. Our results are consistent with the contention that mammal responses to fire are associated with their known life-history traits. The species most strongly affected by wildfire, N. yvonneae, has the most specific habitat requirements and restricted life history of the small mammals in the study area. The only species positively associated with recently burnt vegetation, the introduced house mouse, Mus domesticus, has a flexible life history and non-specialised resource requirements. Implications. Maintaining sources for recolonisation after large-scale wildfires will be vital to the conservation of native small mammals in mallee ecosystems.

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Revealing the Response Patterns of Symbiotic Microorganisms and Host Metabolism in Scleractinian Coral Pavona minuta to Temperature Stresses

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Liang ◽  
Wenwen Luo ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Yongqian Xu ◽  
Jinni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Host Metabolism

Global climate change has resulted in large-scale coral reef decline worldwide, for which the ocean warming has paid more attention. Coral is a typical mutually beneficial symbiotic organism with diverse symbiotic microorganisms, which maintain the stability of physiological functions. This study compared the responses of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in a common coral species, Pavona minuta, under indoor simulated thermal and cold temperatures. The results showed that abnormal temperature stresses had unfavorable impact on the phenotypes of corals, resulting in bleaching and color change. The compositions of symbiotic bacteria and dinoflagellate communities only presented tiny changes under temperature stresses. However, some rare symbiotic members have been showed to be significantly influenced by water temperatures. Finally, by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method, we found that different temperature stresses had very different impacts on the metabolism of coral holobiont. The thermal and cold stresses induced the decrease of anti-oxidation metabolites, several monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), and the increase of lipotoxic metabolite, 10-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, in the coral holobiont, respectively. Our study indicated the response patterns of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in coral to the thermal and cold stresses, providing theoretical data for the adaptation and evolution of coral to a different climate in the future.

scholarly journals Stable Soil Microbial Functional Structure Responding to Biodiversity Loss Based on Metagenomic Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaihai Chen ◽  
Kayan Ma ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Chengjin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Anthropogenic disturbances and global climate change are causing large-scale biodiversity loss and threatening ecosystem functions. However, due to the lack of knowledge on microbial species loss, our understanding on how functional profiles of soil microbes respond to diversity decline is still limited. Here, we evaluated the biotic homogenization of global soil metagenomic data to examine whether microbial functional structure is resilient to significant diversity reduction. Our results showed that although biodiversity loss caused a decrease in taxonomic species by 72%, the changes in the relative abundance of diverse functional categories were limited. The stability of functional structures associated with microbial species richness decline in terrestrial systems suggests a decoupling of taxonomy and function. The changes in functional profile with biodiversity loss were function-specific, with broad-scale metabolism functions decreasing and typical nutrient-cycling functions increasing. Our results imply high levels of microbial physiological versatility in the face of significant biodiversity decline, which, however, does not necessarily mean that a loss in total functional abundance, such as microbial activity, can be overlooked in the background of unprecedented species extinction.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Coral Reef Rehabilitation Using New Biomimicking, Advanced Materials Artificial Reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Emily Higgins ◽  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Function

Abstract Globally, artificial reefs (ARs) are being increasingly used as a coral reef restoration strategy, and ARs made from conventional substrates (e.g. metal, concrete) have had limited success for coral reef conservation due to structure size and lack of pre-deployment engineering. To curb further deterioration on reefs, technological advances in restoration methods must be quickly tested and applied on a large scale. Here, we present the results of the first IntelliReefs biomimicking “Oceanite” nanotechnology ARs. We compared benthic community composition on three Oceanite ARs 14 months after deployment in Sint Maarten. We also examined fish abundance, diversity, and behaviour on the ARs. The results from this study suggest that Oceanite can enhance local biodiversity, attract coral recruits, provide food and protection for large fish communities, and develop a healthy early coral reef community in 14 months. IntelliReefs' future research will focus on large-scale deployments and further development of site-, species-, and function-specific substrates to optimize AR conservation goals and increase project success. Our Ocean-Shot will deploy durable, bio-enhanced reefs that build resilience to climate change, increase economic benefits, and coastal protection for seaside communities. Oceanite can further be customized for specific stressor mitigation (e.g., pathogens, warming, acidification, reduced water quality, invasive species).

Nonresponse and Mode Effects in Self- and Interviewer-Administered Surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonna Rae Atkeson ◽  
Alex N. Adams ◽  
R. Michael Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Mode Effects ◽  
Propensity Matching ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
Different Response

We examine the quality of two probability-based polls, one interviewer administered (telephone) and one self-administered (Internet and mail mixed mode survey). The polls use the same sampling frame (registered voters) and the same questions. First, we examine the representativeness of both surveys using information known about the population, and although we find important differences between the two in terms of sampling and nonresponse bias, we also find that both surveys represent the underlying population despite low response rates. We also test for mode effects between surveys due to social desirability and how it influences nondifferentiation or satisficing. Using a variety of methods (t-tests, multivariate regression, and genetic propensity matching), we find evidence that the presence of an interviewer alters response patterns on ego-driven questions. The implications of our work are important, due to the increasing popularity of mixed mode surveys. Researchers need to be methodologically sensitive to these differences when analyzing surveys that allow for different response modes.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale Bibliometric Analysis of Global Climate Change Research Between 2001 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Zhen Fu ◽  
Ludo Waltman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Climate Change Research

Abstract Global climate change is attracting widespread scientific, political, and public attention owing to the involvement of international initiatives such as the Paris Agreement and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We present a large-scale bibliometric analysis based on approximately 120,000 climate change publications between 2001 and 2018 to examine how climate change is studied in scientific research. Our analysis provides an overview of scientific knowledge, shifts of research hotspots, global geographical distribution of research, and focus of individual countries. In our analysis, we identify five key fields in climate change research: physical sciences, paleoclimatology, climate-change ecology, climate technology, and climate policy. We draw the following key conclusions: (1) Over the investigated time period, the focus of climate change research has shifted from understanding the climate system toward climate technologies and policies, such as efficient energy use and legislation. (2) There is an imbalance in scientific production between developed and developing countries. (3) Geography, national demands, and national strategies have been important drivers that influence the research interests and concerns of researchers in different countries. Our study can be used by researchers and policy makers to reflect on the directions in which climate change research is developing and discuss priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isla Heather Myers-Smith ◽  
Jeffrey T. Kerby ◽  
Gareth K. Phoenix ◽  
Jarle Werner Bjerke ◽  
Howard E. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Underlying Causes

As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most significant large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable, and inherently scale dependent than previously thought. Here, we summarize the complexities of observing and interpreting high-latitude greening to identify key priorities for future research. Incorporating satellite and proximal remote sensing with in-situ data, while accounting for uncertainties and scale issues will advance the study of past, present, and future Arctic vegetation change.

scholarly journals An open MRI dataset for multiscale neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Royer ◽  
Raul Rodriguez-Cruces ◽  
Shahin Tavakol ◽  
Sara Lariviere ◽  
Peer Herholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Data Portal ◽  
Multimodal Mri ◽  
Brain Microstructure ◽  
And Function

Multimodal neuroimaging grants a powerful window into the structure and function of the human brain at multiple scales. Recent methodological and conceptual advances have enabled investigations of the interplay between large-scale spatial trends (also referred to as gradients) in brain microstructure and connectivity, offering an integrative framework to study multiscale brain organization. Here, we share a multimodal MRI dataset for Microstructure-Informed Connectomics (MICA-MICs) acquired in 50 healthy adults (23 women; 29.54±5.62 years) who underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, myelin-sensitive quantitative T1 relaxometry, diffusion-weighted MRI, and resting-state functional MRI at 3 Tesla. In addition to raw anonymized MRI data, this release includes brain-wide connectomes derived from i) resting-state functional imaging, ii) diffusion tractography, iii) microstructure covariance analysis, and iv) geodesic cortical distance, gathered across multiple parcellation scales. Alongside, we share large-scale gradients estimated from each modality and parcellation scale. Our dataset will facilitate future research examining the coupling between brain microstructure, connectivity, and macroscale function. MICA-MICs is available on the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform data portal (https://portal.conp.ca).

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Fowler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Lynn S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
And Function ◽  
Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document