scholarly journals Abundance of Mosquito Larvae at Jagannath University and Dhaka University Campus of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Farzana Islam ◽  
Homaira Prithul
Keyword(s):  
Public Universities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Other Hand

A year-round survey on the abundance of mosquito larvae was conducted at Jagannath University - and Dhaka University - Campus from October 2018 to September 2019. A number of total 4415 mosquito larvae were collected of which 3086 were identified as Culex and 1329 were Aedes. Only 3 species belonging to 2 genera were identified in this study. At Jagannath University campus, highest number of Culex larvae was recorded in the month of August which was 167 (10.9%) and the lowest number was recorded in February which was 66 (4.3%), on the other hand, highest number of Aedes larvae was recorded in the month of July which was 137 (23.8%) and the lowest number was found in December which was 9 (1.6%). At Dhaka University campus, the highest number of Culex larvae was found in the month of April, which was 179 (11.5%) and the lowest number was found in June, which was 66 (4.3%), on the other hand, the highest number of Aedes larvae was found in the month of June which was 200 (26.5%) and lowest number was found in February which was 8 (1.06%). This study could be helpful in launching larvicidal programs in a more cost-effective way at these two urban public universities of Dhaka city. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 321-329, 2021

Truncation of the Secondary Concentrator (CPC) as Means to Cost Effective Beam-Down System

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiba Segal ◽  
Michael Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Effective Beam

A central solar plant based on beam-down optics is composed of a field of heliostats, a tower reflector (hyperboloid mirror), and a ground receiver interfaced at its aperture with one or a cluster of secondary concentrators (compound parabolic concentrator). In previous publications, a method was presented, illustrating the correlation between the tower reflector position and its size on one hand and the geometry, dimensions, and reflective area of the secondary concentrator on the other hand, both related to the heliostat field reflective area. Obviously, when one wishes to reduce the size of a tower reflector by locating it closer to the upper focal point, the image created at the lower focus will be broader, resulting in a larger secondary ground concentrator. The present paper describes a method for substantial decrease in the dimensions of the ground secondary concentrator cluster (and, implicitly, the concentrator's area) via truncation and some geometrical corrections without significant sacrifice of the optical performance. This offers a method for cost effective design of future central solar plants, utilizing the beam-down optics.

A multifunctional, modified rigid neuroendoscopic system: clinical experience with 83 procedures

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Bakshi ◽  
Rana Patir ◽  
Asha Bakshi ◽  
Ajit Kumar Banerji
Keyword(s):  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Irrigation Channel ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Outer Sheath ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors combined a monopolar electrode and a suction/irrigation channel with a 0°, 4-mm Hopkins rigid telescope into a single multifunctional unit. This three-in-one instrument is inserted through a lightweight 7.5-mm outer sheath, which is fixed separately. A fourth instrument (for example, a balloon catheter or a biopsy forceps) can be introduced and manipulated independently with the other hand. All endoscopic procedures were performed with a trephine to create a 15-mm craniotomy. After opening the dura mater, ventricles were tapped with a brain needle, which was followed by the insertion of the rigid scope for visualization. The telescope was then withdrawn momentarily; the outer sheath was introduced into the ventricle and fixed over the area of interest. The definitive procedure was then performed with ease by using the multifunctional three-inone instrument in one hand and a fourth instrument in the other hand. This novel neuroendoscopic system has been used in clinical testing at the Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences since May 1998. Thus far, 83 neuroendoscopic procedures have been successfully performed with the aid of this instrumentation system, which has proven to be safe, versatile, and cost-effective, allowing a greater degree of freedom for the neurosurgeon.

scholarly journals The Cost-Effective Laboratory: Implementation of Economic Evaluation of Laboratory Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic ◽  
Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryLaboratory testing as a part of laboratoryin vitrodiagnostic (IVD) has become required tool in clinical practice for diagnosing, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, as well as for prediction of treatment response. The number of IVD tests available in laboratory practice has increased over the past decades and is likely to further increase in the future. Consequently, there is growing concern about the overutilization of laboratory tests and rising costs for laboratory testing. It is estimated that IVD accounts for between 1.4 and 2.3% of total healthcare expenditure and less than 5% of total hospital cost (Lewin Group report). These costs are rather low when compared to pharmaceuticals and medical aids which account for 15 and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, IVD tests play an important role in clinical practice, as they influence from 60% to 70% of clinical decision-making. Unfortunately, constant increases in healthcare spending are not directly related to healthcare benefit. Since healthcare resources are limited, health payers are interested whether the benefits of IVD tests are actually worth their cost. Many articles have introduced frameworks to assess the economic value of IVD tests. The most appropriate tool for quantitative assessment of their economic value is cost-effectiveness (CEA) and cost-utility (CUA) analysis. The both analysis determine cost in terms of effectiveness or utilities (combine quantity and quality of life) of new laboratory test against its alternative. On the other hand, some investigators recommended calculation of laboratory test value as product of two ratios: Laboratory test value = (Technical accuracy/Turnaround time) × (Utility/Costs). Recently, some researches used multicriteria decision analysis which allows comparison of diagnostic strategies in terms of benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. All analyses are constructed to identify laboratory test that produce the greatest healthcare benefit with the resources available. Without solid evidence that certain laboratory tests are cost-effective, laboratory services cannot be improved. Consequently, simple policy measures such as cost cutting may be imposed upon many laboratories while patients will have limited access to laboratory service.

Truncation of the Secondary Concentrator (CPC) as Means to Cost Effective Beam-Down System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiba Segal ◽  
Michael Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Effective Beam

A central solar plant based on beam-down optics is composed of a field of heliostats, a tower reflector (hyperboloid mirror) and a ground receiver interfaced at its aperture with one or a cluster of secondary concentrators (CPC). In previous publications a method was presented illustrating the correlation between the tower reflector position and its size on one hand and the geometry, dimensions and reflective area of the secondary concentrator on the other hand, both related to the heliostat field reflective area. Obviously, when one wishes to reduce the size of a tower reflector by locating it closer to the upper focal point, the image created at the lower focus will be broader, resulting in a larger secondary ground concentrator. The present paper describes a method for substantial decrease of the dimensions of the ground secondary concentrator cluster (and, implicitly, the concentrator’s area) via truncation and some geometrical corrections without significant sacrifice of the optical performance. This offers a method for cost effective design of future central solar plants utilizing the beam-down optics.

scholarly journals A Unified FPGA Virtualization Framework for General-Purpose Deep Neural Networks in the Cloud

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Shulin Zeng ◽  
Guohao Dai ◽  
Hanbo Sun ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Shiyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Cloud ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Other Hand

INFerence-as-a-Service (INFaaS) has become a primary workload in the cloud. However, existing FPGA-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are mainly optimized for the fastest speed of a single task, while the multi-tenancy of INFaaS has not been explored yet. As the demand for INFaaS keeps growing, simply increasing the number of FPGA-based DNN accelerators is not cost-effective, while merely sharing these single-task optimized DNN accelerators in a time-division multiplexing way could lead to poor isolation and high-performance loss for INFaaS. On the other hand, current cloud-based DNN accelerators have excessive compilation overhead, especially when scaling out to multi-FPGA systems for multi-tenant sharing, leading to unacceptable compilation costs for both offline deployment and online reconfiguration. Therefore, it is far from providing efficient and flexible FPGA virtualization for public and private cloud scenarios. Aiming to solve these problems, we propose a unified virtualization framework for general-purpose deep neural networks in the cloud, enabling multi-tenant sharing for both the Convolution Neural Network (CNN), and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) accelerators on a single FPGA. The isolation is enabled by introducing a two-level instruction dispatch module and a multi-core based hardware resources pool. Such designs provide isolated and runtime-programmable hardware resources, which further leads to performance isolation for multi-tenant sharing. On the other hand, to overcome the heavy re-compilation overheads, a tiling-based instruction frame package design and a two-stage static-dynamic compilation, are proposed. Only the lightweight runtime information is re-compiled with ∼1 ms overhead, thus guaranteeing the private cloud’s performance. Finally, the extensive experimental results show that the proposed virtualized solutions achieve up to 3.12× and 6.18× higher throughput in the private cloud compared with the static CNN and RNN baseline designs, respectively.

Volunteer Clouds

2016 ◽  
pp. 314-355
Author(s):  
Attila Csaba Marosi ◽  
Péter Kacsuk
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volunteer Computing ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Service Environments ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Homogeneous Environment

Cloud Computing (CC) offers simple and cost effective outsourcing in dynamic service environments and allows the construction of service-based applications extensible with the latest achievements of diverse research areas. CC is built using dedicated and reliable resources and provides uniform seemingly unlimited capacities. Volunteer Computing (VC) on the other hand uses volatile, heterogeneous and unreliable resources. This chapter per the authors makes an attempt starting from a definition for Cloud Computing to identify the required steps and formulate a definition for what can be considered as the next evolutionary stage for Volunteer Computing: Volunteer Clouds (VCl). There are many idiosyncrasies of VC to overcome (e.g., volatility, heterogeneity, reliability, responsiveness, scalability, etc.). Heterogeneity exists in VC at different levels. The vision of CC promises to provide a homogeneous environment. The goal of this chapter per the authors is to identify methods and propose solutions that tackle the heterogeneities and thus, make a step towards Volunteer Clouds.

scholarly journals Economic and Legal Analysis of Cryptocurrency: Scientific Views from Russia and the Muslim World

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Shamil Shovkhalov ◽  
Hussein Idrisov
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the analysis of cryptocurrency as a new phenomenon in the modern global economic processes and legal institutions. The relevance of the study is predetermined by the very specifics of such a phenomenon as cryptocurrency consisting of a distributed ledger technology, which determines the peculiarities of issuing, storing and performing operations with cryptocurrency. Moreover, the cryptocurrency turnover directly correlates with the national legislation of individual countries, which are the subject of domestic regulation with currency, tax legislation and legislation on the securities market. Sometimes, in this regard, there is a clash of public interests and the interests of entities involved in the circulation of cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency, as an unconventional, trendy phenomenon of the recent times, has become the object of research and discussions on all the world platforms, starting with academia, continuing with the business community and ending with state institutions. There are many reasons for explaining such interest and they can all be reduced to two main blocks: the advantages and the disadvantages of cryptocurrency circulation. The problem of cryptocurrency turnover, on the one hand, is that until now none of the national economies have regulated the cost-effective mechanism for the cryptocurrency turnover and, on the other hand, the leading countries have not yet set up an effective system of legal regulation of cryptocurrency. Many countries are in the active process of working to adequately address the above problem. Separately, it is worth highlighting the interest of Muslim countries in this issue, where discussions are still underway about the permissibility of cryptocurrency in Islamic law. As for the Russian realities in the context of the issue under study, the Federal Law “On Digital Financial Assets, Digital Currency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation“, which came into effect on 1 January 2021, was supposed to streamline relations of subjects including cryptocurrencies, but, according to the experts in this field, this law is far from impeccable and this sphere of relations cannot be quickly and effectively regulated. This article describes the characteristics of cryptocurrency, its essence, disadvantages and advantages as an object of economic and civil law relations. The purpose of the research is to analyze the economic and legal phenomenon of cryptocurrency, as well as its characteristics in the Muslim legal system. The complexity of the work should be emphasized as a novelty. Based on the designated goal and the logic of construction, the study consists of three interrelated parts. The first part outlines the characteristics of cryptocurrency as an economic category, the second part is devoted to its legal analysis and the last part of the study demonstrates the Islamic perception (Sharia analysis) of this phenomenon. As a conclusion on the scientific research, we will highlight the following provisions. First, economically, nowadays, cryptocurrency is a rather controversial financial instrument: on the one hand, it has great investment attractiveness, but on the other hand, it is subject to great volatility and seems to be a rather risky financial asset. Secondly, from a legal standpoint, cryptocurrencies have not yet found their consistent consolidation and further legal regulation in the Russian legislation. It seems that the legal regulation of this institution will systematically develop depending on what application and results of its turnover the cryptocurrency will have in the future. Finally, the Islamic interpretation of the cryptocurrency phenomenon boils down to the absence of a single, consistent explanation of it from the perspective of Islam and Sharia as an object of permissibility (or prohibition) of transactions with it. It is necessary to further analyze the practice of using cryptocurrency and its impact on the economy and legal institutions in order to make a final decision on its permissibility or prohibition in correlation with the types of activity and the upcoming consequences associated with it.

scholarly journals An Integrated Framework with Machine Learning and Radiomics for Accurate and Rapid Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubunnabi Tamal ◽  
Maha Alshammari ◽  
Meernah Alabdullah ◽  
Rana Hourani ◽  
Hossain Abu Alola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chest X Ray

ABSTRACTEarly diagnosis of COVID-19 is considered the first key action to prevent spread of the virus. Currently, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as a gold standard point-of-care diagnostic tool. However, several limitations of RT-PCR have been identified, e.g., low sensitivity, cost, long delay in getting results and the need of a professional technician to collect samples. On the other hand, chest X-ray (CXR) is routinely used as a cost-effective diagnostic test for diagnosis and monitoring different respiratory abnormalities and is currently being used as a discriminating tool for COVID-19. However, visual assessment of CXR is not able to distinguish COVID-19 from other lung conditions. Several machine learning algorithms have been proposed to detect COVID-19 directly from CXR images with reasonably good accuracy on a data set that was randomly split into two subsets for training and test. Since these methods require a huge number of images for training, data augmentation with geometric transformation was applied to increase the number of images. It is highly likely that the images of the same patients are present in both the training and test sets resulting in higher accuracies in detection of COVID-19. It is, therefore, vital to assess the performance of COVID-19 detection algorithm on an independent data set with different degrees of the disease before being employed for clinical settings. On the other hand, machine learning techniques that depend on handcrafted features extraction and selection approaches can be trained with smaller data set. The features can also be analyzed separately for various lung conditions. Radiomics features are such kind of handcrafted features that represent heterogeneous appearance of the lung on CXR quantitatively and can be used to distinguish COVID-19 from other lung conditions. Based on this hypothesis, a machine learning based technique is proposed here that is trained on a set of suitable radiomics features (71 features) to detect COVID-19. It is found that Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Ensemble Bagging Model Trees (EBM) trained on these 71 radiomics features can distinguish between COVID-19 and other diseases with an overall sensitivity of 99.6% and 87.8% and specificity of 85% and 97% respectively. Though the performance is comparable for both methods, EBM is more robust across severity levels. Severity, in this case, was scored between 0 to 4 by two experienced radiologists for each lung segment of each CXR image represents the degree of severity of the disease. For the case of 0 severity, sensitivity and specificity of the EBM method are 91.7% and 100% respectively indicating that there are certain radiomics pattern that are not visibly distinguishable. Since the proposed method does not require any manual intervention (e.g., sample collection etc.), it can be integrated with any standard X-ray reporting system to be used as an efficient, cost-effective and rapid early diagnosis device. It can also be deployed in places where quick results of the COVID-19 test are required, e.g., airports, seaports, hospitals, health clinics, etc.

scholarly journals Puddling of butterflies in Jahangirnagar University campus and the bank of Bangshi river, Savar, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Nourin Rima ◽  
Afroza Meme ◽  
Md Monwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Human Sweat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interesting Behavior

Butterfly is one of the amazing creatures of nature, which possesses some interesting behavior like puddling that includes feeding at mud, dung or carrion. A total of 54 species of butterflies under 8 families were found to gather around two different puddle grounds viz. Jahangirnagar University campus (JU campus) and bank of Bangshi river (BBR), Savar, Dhaka during January 2012 to December 2013. Among the recorded 54 species of butterflies, 6 species belonged to the family Papilionidae, 11 species to Pieridae, 10 species to Lycaenidae, 3 species to Danaidae, 13 species to Nymphalidae, 7 species to Satyridae, 3 species to Hesperiidae and 1 species to Acraeidae. In JU campus several types of puddling sources were used by butterflies viz. mud or wet soil, dung, carrion, wet sands and wet bricks, human sweat, bird-dropping, rotten fruits and flowers. On the other hand, in the bank of Bangshi river, butterflies used polluted water on the river side. In those puddle sources, members of Papilionidae and Pieridae were preferred mineral sources as they did puddle on mostly water sources (mud, wet soil, wet sand, wet brick), while members of Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae and Lycaenidae preferred to puddle on various nutrient sources (carrion, dung, rotten flowers). These results indicated that butterfly require various minerals and nutrients which are extracted through puddling sources for their reproductive success and other physiological activities.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 57-70, 2016 (June)

Autonomous Sorting of Micro-Particles Using Bacterial Chemotaxis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama A. Traore ◽  
Bahareh Behkam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Autonomous Manipulation

The autonomous manipulation and assembly at the micro and nanoscale continues to be one of the main challenges in the field of micro/nanorobotics. On the other hand, biomotors are increasingly being considered as robust, versatile and cost-effective choices for a variety of micro/nanorobotic tasks. Here we propose the utilization of the motility and chemotaxis in flagellated bacteria to autonomously sort spherical particles with 6 μm and 10 μm in diameter within a microfluidic platform. Surface chemistry methods are utilized to selectively self-assemble bacteria onto the 6 μm diameter particles and separate them from 10 μm diameter particles via chemotaxis. It has been shown that within 1 hour, an increasingly larger number of 6 μm diameter particles accumulate within a 600 μm radius, near the chemo-attractant source.

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