scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Melochia corchorifolia L. and Glochidion thomsonii in Experimental Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Jannatul Ferdousi ◽  
Md Jahir Alam ◽  
Tasmina Rahman ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gi Motility

Diarrhoea is a public health problem in developing countries. It is therefore important to identify plants with antidiarrhoeal activity. Melochia corchorifolia and Glochidion thomsonii have been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-diarrheal properties of ethanolic extract of M. corchorifolia whole plant and G. thomsonii bark. Anti-diarrheal potential was evaluated using castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrhea, GI motility test as well as castor oil induced enteropooling assay in mice. Extracts were used at 250 and 500 mg/kg per orally. Loperamide (10 mg/kg p.o) was used as standard drug. The ethanolic crude extracts exhibited statistically significant and dose-dependent (250 and 500 mg/kg) anti-diarrheal effect against the total number of episodes of defecation as well as diarrheal feces. In animals pretreated with MC and GT extract showed 42.53% (p<0.05) and 53.13% (p<0.001) protection at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 89.40% (p<0.001)and 57.47% (p<0.001) protection at 500 mg/kg against castor oil induced diarrhea. The MC extract at 500 mg/kg exhibited significant (p<0.05) inhibition of diarrhea (51.04%) in MgSO4 induced diarrhea. In BaSO4 induced GI motility test both the extracts inhibited GI motility and GT at 500 mg/kg dose 38.77% which was highly significant (p<0.01). In the Castor oil induced enteropooling assay MC 250 and 500 mg/kg and GT 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation by 27.42% and 48.39% (p<0.01) and 38.71% (p<0.05) and 51.61% (p<0.01), respectively. The results suggested that both the extracts possessed significant antidiarrhoeal properties which was comparable with standard drug, loperamide and further studies are required to evaluate these effects and the potential of the plant. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 192-199, 2019

EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM STEM BARK

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (09) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
N Khan ◽  
◽  
S Hugar ◽  
V Patil ◽  
H.M Nanjappaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent

Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal effect of Punica granatum stem bark ethanolic extract was carried out on various experimental animal models of diarrhea. Different paragons used were castor oil induced diarrhoea, magnesium sulphate induced diarrhoea, castor oil induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility test. The various parameters recorded were onset of diarrhoea, mean number of fecal drops, mean weight of fecal matter, mean weight of small intestine, volume of fluid accumulation in the intestine and mean distance travelled by charcoal meal in the intestine. The test extract demonstrated dose dependent significant anti-diarrhoeal effect. The results of this investigation revealed that, 70% hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum stem bark contains pharmacologically active substance(s) with anti-diarrhoeal efficacy.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of Persicaria hydropiper: An in vivo screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 5819-5824
Author(s):  
Pooja Kamra ◽  
Mahaveer Singh ◽  
Hardarshan Singh Lamba ◽  
Birendra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Investigation ◽  
Different Doses

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of methanolic whole plant extract of Persicaria hydropiper in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for seven days. The extract was thereafter administered at two different doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight for next seven days. Silymarin was used as a reference standard. The extract revealed hepatoprotective activity in dose dependent manner. The dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum hepatoprotective ability as apparent from several evaluation parameters including liver function profile, bilirubin, antioxidant enzymes as well as histopathological investigation which was comparable to the standard drug Silymarin respectively. These findings sustenance the use of the extract as an adjuvant with existing therapy for treatment of liver ailments.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MIRABILIS JALAPA

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Deepsikha Bharali ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim and objectives of the present work is to determine pharmacological activity upon ethnopharmacological survey. The present study deals with phytochemical screening and analgesic as well as muscle relaxant activity of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa.Methods: The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and evaluating the analgesic and muscle relaxant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Mirabilis jalapa by using hot plate method and rota rod method respectively [1, 2]. The Phytochemical screening of the extract was done according to the standard procedures to reveal the presence of the active constituents like Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates etc [3-5].Results: The analgesic and muscle relaxant activity study were dose dependent. The EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) shows significant increase in the reaction time when compared with control at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min and the effect of standard was found to be highest during the study. Another study was designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant properties of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa. Linn by taking the EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and standard drug Lorzepam (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts and standard drug show decrease in the fall of time in a dose dependent manner when compared with control at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above study it is revealed that Mirabilis jalapa showing better pharmacological activities (Analgesic and Muscle relaxant) in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Synthetic Derivatives of Organoantimony (?) Ferocenyl Benzoate with Piroxicam

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar ◽  
Zulfiqar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Salman Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Dose Dependent

The current study was planned to evaluate comparative anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of two newly synthesized organo-antimony (v) ferrocenyl benzoate derivatives with piroxicam. Anti-microbial activity of these compounds was also screened against two microorganisms. Analgesic effect of test compounds was evaluated by formalin-induced paw licking test in mice. The test compounds at 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. doses exhibited significant (p<0.001) reduction of paw licking in treated mice comparable with standard drug piroxicam. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The compound A produced anti-inflammatory effects comparable with standard piroxicam in dose dependent manner whereas compound B showed better effects than piroxicam at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. To investigate anti-pyretic activity, fever was induced by administration of Brewer’s yeast in mice. Compound A showed highly significant inhibition of pyrexia (p<0.001) comparable to piroxicam after 3 hours while compound B (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced relatively lower anti-pyretic effect than standard drug. Antibacterial activity determined by disc diffusion method showed that compound B was relatively more effective than compound A against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is conceivable that both the tested compounds possessed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-microbial effects even after the structural modification of parent compound.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 15-24, 2016

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipa Khanam ◽  
Debashish Deb ◽  
Shrabanti Dev ◽  
Masum Shahriar ◽  
Asish K Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (Verbenaceae) is very popular among the traditional practitioners in Bangladesh for the treatment of local pain and inflammation, skin diseases, topical burns etc. However, so far no scientific study has been carried out which may support its uses in traditional medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of C. inerme for the first time. Analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid-induced writhing and heat-induced pain in mice and anti-inflammatory activity using xylene-induced ear edema in mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. The extract significantly (P< 0.05) attenuated the acetic acid-induced writhing with the highest activity being observed at 500 mg/kg b.w. (45.83%) comparable to that of diclofenac sodium (57.64%), the standard drug. A significant dosedependent increase (P< 0.05) of the latency period was also observed in hot plate method. In the xylene-induced inflammation assay, the extract showed significant (P<0.05) and dose dependant inhibitory effect on the edema formation. These findings indicate that the extract has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities which support the folkloric claim of this plant and thus it has a great potential as source of natural products-derived drug. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22317 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 62-66, 2014

Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Different Fractions Methanol Extracts of Gardenia coronaria Buch. -Ham. Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Faruq ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
M Mohi Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Mohiminul Adib ◽  
Mohammad R Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ethanolic extract and its n-hexane and chloroform soluble fractions of the leaves of Gardenia coronaria Buch. Ham. were screened for their bio-activities. Preliminary phytochemicals screening of crude extract revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and flavonoids in different extracts. In antibacterial test, maximal zone of inhibition obtained against B. cereus (15.3 mm) and in antifungal test maximal zone found against C. albicans (12.7 mm) by the chloroform extract. The crude extract of the plant exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method where the scavenging activity was concentration dependent with IC50 values of 5.15μg/ml, 8.75μg/ml and 12.71μg/ml for ethanol, nhexane and chloroform extract, respectively. In the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal assay, the crude extract of the plant significantly increased the latency and total count of defecation. Acetic acid-induced writhing reflex due to analgesia was inhibited by 31.18% (by ethanol), 23.67% (by n-hexane) and 24.73% (by chloroform) at 500 mg/kg body wt. in experimental mice. The extractives at doses from 31.25-500 μg/ml, produced inhibition of amylase activity in a dose dependent manner.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 139-147, 2017

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic and Larvicidal Activity of Alternanthera sessilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
Merin Babu ◽  
Uma K.H ◽  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
Amoolya Sree ◽  
Sabin Scariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: Evaluation of Anti-urolithiatic and Larvicidal activity of Alternanthera sessilis. Method: The whole plant of Alternanthera sessilis were extracted using ethanol as solvent. Then it was evaluated for its phytochemicals and later on in vitro anti-urolithiatic study was conducted on the plant using the methods titrimetry, simultaneous flow static model, turbidimetry and gravimetric. The plant showing larvicidal effect was determined by larvicidal assay method. Result: The ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins. The anti urolithiatic activity conformed that the plant can effectively mineralise calcium oxalate in a dose dependent manner when compared to control and standard. The plant also possesses larvicidal activity and the percentage mortality exhibited a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the plant possessed anti- urolithiatic as well as larvicidal activity.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Yamini N ◽  
Lahari S ◽  
Phani deepthi V
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..    

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHIZOME OF ZINGIBEROFFICINALE

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Juri Das ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Family ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate the Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Muscle relaxant activity of ethanolic extract of Zingiberofficinale (EEZO) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae using Swiss albino mice in comparison with that of standard drug (Lorazepam).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the EEZO was done as per the standard methods. Then the extract was evaluated for its muscle relaxant activity compared with Control which is Normal saline (0.9% NaCl solution) at a dose of 10 ml/kg and standard drug Lorazepam at a dose of 10 mg/kg p. o by using Rota-rod apparatus. Twenty mice were taken of either sex and are divided into four groups and each group contains five animals. The first group was considered as control, the second group considered as standard and the third and fourth group received extracts (EEZO) at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg p. o respectively. All the preparations were administered orally.Results: The Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Ethanolic plant extract of Zingiberofficinale showed the presence of alkaloids, Carbohydrates, phlobotannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannin and terpenoids and absence of steroids. The two doses of EEZO i.e. 100 mg/kg (7.8±0.421 sec) and 200 mg/kg (3.07±0.385) significantly reduced the fall of time in the Rota-rod apparatus as compared to control (48.67±1.112) with p value<0.0001. The result is quite satisfying when compared with the standard drug i.e. 10 mg/kg p. o. (6.2±0.331).Conclusion: The result of the given study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale is having Dose Dependent Muscle Relaxant activity.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of the Immunomodulator Effect of theBougainvillea xbuttianaExtract in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluvia Arteaga Figueroa ◽  
Leticia Barbosa Navarro ◽  
Martin Patiño Vera ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Bougainvillea xbuttianais used as an analgesic in folk medicine in Mexico. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract fromB. xbuttianaon macrophages activities. The phytochemical screening was performed for determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saponins. The effects ofB. xbuttianawere analyzed using the macrophages activities as determined by the H2O2release, spreading and phagocytic index, vacuoles formation percentage, and mediators production. The viability percentage was determined in live cells after fixing and staining with crystal violet. The presence of H2O2in macrophages was performed by using the peroxidase-phenol red solution. The cytokine production was determined by two assays, ELISA for detection of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γand biological assay for TNF detection. The results showed that theBxbextract dose-dependent manner produces (a) an increase in levels of H2O2and spreading and vacuoles formation percentages, (b) a decrease in phagocytic index and in the amounts of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and (c) an increase significant in IL-10 and NO production. This study indicates that the ethanolic extract fromBougainvillea xbuttianawas able to activate macrophages. The combination of these results suggests that this extract has an immunomodulator effect.

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