Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult: A scale for assessing psychosocial stressors among adults

Stress is an integral part of daily life and inevitable. This study was aimed to produce a culturally validated scale for measuring stressful life events of adults in Bangladesh and formulate the relative life change units of each event. The study used qualitative research, including a focus group and questionnaire, as well as quantitative statistical analysis in the validation process. Researchers first developed a provisional scale with 62 items that were translated in Bangla through a translation exercise. Using an open-ended question along with this provisional scale on 518 (260 rated on imagination and 258 on experience) subjects, researchers developed Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult with 58 items and the predictive interpretation of the overall score was made. Content validity was found excellent as I-CVI was 1 except 3 items and S-CVI was 0.91. In factor analysis on the two-factor model, no item had salient loading on more than one factor and there were 3 items failed to load on either factor. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 between this scale and the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. In term of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values were ranging from 0.53-0.88. The scale is simple to administer to assess stress and usable for both clinical and research purpose.

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Dhaka stress scale for adolescents: A scale for assessing psychosocial stressors among adolescents

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v12i4.44273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Mohammad S. I. Mullick ◽

Sultana Algin ◽

Monirul Islam ◽

Adrian Phillipson ◽

Jhunu S. Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Content Validity ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Life Change ◽

Scale Level ◽

Validity Index ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Actual Experience ◽

Item Level

This study was aimed to produce a culturally validated scale to determine the presence of stressful life events among adolescents in Bangladesh, and formulate the relative life change units for each event. The study used qualitative research, including a focus group and questionnaire, and quantitative analysis in the validation process. Researchers first developed a provisional stress scale that was translated in Bangla through a translation exercise. Using an open-ended question along with this provisional scale on a school sample of 449 (228 rated on imagination and 221 on actual experience) adolescents, researchers developed Dhaka stress scale– adolescent with 56 items and predictive interpretation of the overall score was made. Content validity was found excellent as item level content validity index was around 1 and the scale level validity index was 0.93. The correlation coefficient was 0.72 between this scale and adolescent life events stress scale. For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values were ranged from 0.83 to 0.97. The scale is simple to administer to assess stress in adolescents and usable in both clinical and research settings.

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Dissociative disorders: A study of clinico-demographic profile and associated stressors

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12386 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

R Thapa

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Dissociative Disorders ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Motor Disorder ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

One Year

Objectives: To study relevant clinico-demographic profile and stressors of dissociative disorders. Methods: this is a case control study of 39 cases of dissociative disorders and compared with 39 controls using a self designed questionnaire and G. Singh’s Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). Results: The mean age of the cases was 21.23 years. Cases of Dissociative motor disorders had significantly higher age (26.4 yrs) as compared to dissociative convulsion (18.8 yrs) and dissociative stupor (20.6 yrs). (38.5%).Two thirds of the cases had comorbid neuro-psychiatric illness, the commonest one being depression (35.9%). The cases had more stressful life events in the past one year as well as whole life when compared to controls. Family conflict was seen to be the commonest precipitating stress.Conclusions: Dissociative disorder mainly affects young people. Dissociative motor disorder is a distinct subtype with a higher age of onset. Presence of neuro-psychiatric co-morbidity is the rule rather than exception. Psychosocial stressors play an important role in disease production.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 25-30DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12386

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PATIENTS WITH CONVERSION DISORDER

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.04.3031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (04) ◽

pp. 715-720

Author(s):

NIAZ MAQSOOD ◽

BUSHRA AKRAM ◽

WAJID ALI

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Case Series ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Conversion Disorder ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Medical College ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Series Study

Objectives: To assess the frequency of the various psychosocial stressors and stressful life events in patients presenting with conversion disorder. Study Design: Case series study. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from January, 2009 to March, 2009. Subjects & Methods: The sample consisted of 100 in-patients (89 Female, 11 Male) with Conversion Disorder. They were interviewed andresults were analysed from the entries in a Performa. Results: Stressors were clearly identified in 100 patients. In all patients, we found more than one stressor. Among patients, there were (24%) In-laws problems, (23%) Love problems, (21%) Relationship problems with family, (20%) exam/study stress, (15%) marriage against will, (13%) demanding and pampered child, (11%) Issue less, (10%) sexual abuse, (8%) demand of marriage, (6%) overage in wait of marriage, (4%) death of partner, (3%) husband abroad and (3%) patient’s engagement break. Conclusions: We concluded that stressors and life events were present in all conversion disorder’s patients and these stressful life events are important causal factors for Conversion Disorder. Conversion Disorder has strong relationship with psychosocial stressors.

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CONVERSION DISORDER;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.03.2003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 489-494

Author(s):

Niaz Maqsood ◽

Bushra Akram ◽

Naima Luqman ◽

Rizwana Amin

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Peer Group ◽

Conversion Disorder ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Emotional Involvement ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Medical College

Objective: Frequency of the psychosocial stressors and stressful life events inchildren presenting with conversion disorder. Study design: A descriptive study. Place &duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry & BehaviouralSciences, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur fromJanuary, 2010 to October, 2010. Subjects & methods: The sample consisted of 100 in-patients(62 Female, 38 Male) with Conversion Disorder. They were interviewed and results were analysedfrom the entries in a Performa. The Presumptive Stressful life Events Scale (PSLES) wasadministered by an open ended interview to elicit major life events in the past 10 months.Results: Stressors were clearly identified in 100 patients. In all patients, we found more than onestressor. Among patients, there were (29%) Educational and study stressors, (20%) Parent’sdeath / Separation, (20%) Sexual Abuse, (14%) Sibling Rivalry, (13%) Pampered / DemandingChild, (10%) Attention Seeking, (8%) Peer Group Problems, (8%) Improper Parenting, (8%)Learned behaviour, (7%) Emotional Involvement Issues, (5%) Habit of stealing and (4%) AdoptedChild. Conclusions: We concluded that stressors and life events were present in all conversiondisorder’s patients and these stressful life events are important causal factors for ConversionDisorder. Severe and sudden emotional stress serves to precipitate conversion reaction inpredisposed children. The symptom serves to solve the conflict and the gain obtained served toperpetuate the illness.

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Abstract P487: Network Stressors, Personal Stressors, And Sustained Hypertension In African American Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Telisa Spikes ◽

Letryce Scully ◽

Samantha Bromfield ◽

Miriam Van Dyke ◽

Renee Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Daily Life ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

American Women ◽

Sustained Hypertension

Introduction: Stressful life events (SLE) have been associated with poor cardiovascular health but most studies have focused on stressors that directly impact the individuals under study, or personal stressors. Research suggests that women, particularly African-American women, may actually be more vulnerable to network stressors (e.g. SLE that impact important others, such as children, spouses and friends). However, few studies have examined this phenomenon. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that greater exposure to network, versus personal stressors, would be associated with elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) as well as BP in daily life, assessed via 48-hour ambulatory monitoring. Methods: Participants were 395 African-American women aged 30-45 (Mean= 39.5 ±4.6 yrs) from a range of educational backgrounds recruited from a large southeastern metropolitan area. SLE were assessed using a 22-item Stressful Life Events checklist and further classified into personal (e.g. “major accident/assault/robbery happened to you”) or network (e.g. “serious physical illness, injury or drug/alcohol problem in someone family member/friend”) stressors and summed. Clinic and 48-hr ambulatory BP measurements were assessed and sustained hypertension (HTN) was defined as both clinic (≥130/80mmHg) and ambulatory HTN (≥130/80mmHg), using 2017 AHA/ACC guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between types of stressors and sustained HTN after adjusting for age, education, body mass index, and BP meds. Results: Approximately 51.2% (N=211) of women had clinic HTN and 29.9% (N=123) of women had sustained HTN (elevated in both clinic and in daily life). In unadjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses, each additional network stressor was associated with a greater likelihood of having elevated clinic (OR-1.21 [1.04-1.40]) and sustained HTN (OR- OR-1.22 [1.04-1.43]). Findings for clinic (OR-1.25, [1.06-1.48]) and sustained HTN (OR-1.23, [1.04-1.46]) remained significant after adjustment for covariates. There were no significant associations between reports of personal stressors and either clinic, or sustained HTN in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Discussion: Network, but not personal stressors, were associated with elevated rates of HTN, both in clinic and daily life for African-American women. Future research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting stress management for network stressors specifically might impact BP in this high-risk population.

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Relationship Between Stressful Life Events And Depression

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v9i2.36287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

A Subedi ◽

JB Khattri ◽

S Tirkey ◽

RP Lamichhane

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Female Gender ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Sociodemographic Variables ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Stress Score ◽

Depressive Episodes

Introduction: Stressful life events are associated with mental health breakdown. Many researches had shown that depression was preceded by stressful life events. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of significant score of stress scale in patients diagnosed as depressive episode. The next objective was to find out the association between the different sociodemographic variables and stress score and whether age is the predictor of stress score or not. Material And Method: The patients diagnosed as depressive episodes were selected from the out-patient unit of Department of Psychiatry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The proforma was used to collect the sociodemographic profile of the patient and Holmes and Rahe’s stress scale was applied. The diagnosis of depressive episode was made according to the International Classification of Disease-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. The stress score more than 150 was considered as significant stress score in this study. Results: The prevalence of significant stressful life events was 42%. The sociodemographic variables found that prevalence of stressful life events was found higher in female gender, illiterate individual, married and business/employed individual. The age of the patient was not the predictors of stress score in this study. Conclusion: These findings help us to understand that stressful life events were associated with depression. Effective coping skills and psychological interventions will improve quality of life in stressed individual.

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