CONVERSION DISORDER;

Objective: Frequency of the psychosocial stressors and stressful life events inchildren presenting with conversion disorder. Study design: A descriptive study. Place &duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry & BehaviouralSciences, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur fromJanuary, 2010 to October, 2010. Subjects & methods: The sample consisted of 100 in-patients(62 Female, 38 Male) with Conversion Disorder. They were interviewed and results were analysedfrom the entries in a Performa. The Presumptive Stressful life Events Scale (PSLES) wasadministered by an open ended interview to elicit major life events in the past 10 months.Results: Stressors were clearly identified in 100 patients. In all patients, we found more than onestressor. Among patients, there were (29%) Educational and study stressors, (20%) Parent’sdeath / Separation, (20%) Sexual Abuse, (14%) Sibling Rivalry, (13%) Pampered / DemandingChild, (10%) Attention Seeking, (8%) Peer Group Problems, (8%) Improper Parenting, (8%)Learned behaviour, (7%) Emotional Involvement Issues, (5%) Habit of stealing and (4%) AdoptedChild. Conclusions: We concluded that stressors and life events were present in all conversiondisorder’s patients and these stressful life events are important causal factors for ConversionDisorder. Severe and sudden emotional stress serves to precipitate conversion reaction inpredisposed children. The symptom serves to solve the conflict and the gain obtained served toperpetuate the illness.

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PATIENTS WITH CONVERSION DISORDER

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.04.3031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (04) ◽

pp. 715-720

Author(s):

NIAZ MAQSOOD ◽

BUSHRA AKRAM ◽

WAJID ALI

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Case Series ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Conversion Disorder ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Medical College ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Series Study

Objectives: To assess the frequency of the various psychosocial stressors and stressful life events in patients presenting with conversion disorder. Study Design: Case series study. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from January, 2009 to March, 2009. Subjects & Methods: The sample consisted of 100 in-patients (89 Female, 11 Male) with Conversion Disorder. They were interviewed andresults were analysed from the entries in a Performa. Results: Stressors were clearly identified in 100 patients. In all patients, we found more than one stressor. Among patients, there were (24%) In-laws problems, (23%) Love problems, (21%) Relationship problems with family, (20%) exam/study stress, (15%) marriage against will, (13%) demanding and pampered child, (11%) Issue less, (10%) sexual abuse, (8%) demand of marriage, (6%) overage in wait of marriage, (4%) death of partner, (3%) husband abroad and (3%) patient’s engagement break. Conclusions: We concluded that stressors and life events were present in all conversion disorder’s patients and these stressful life events are important causal factors for Conversion Disorder. Conversion Disorder has strong relationship with psychosocial stressors.

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ACNE VULGARIS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.03.901 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (03) ◽

pp. 403-408

Author(s):

NAEEM-ULLAH LEGHARI ◽

BUSHRA AKRAM ◽

NAIMA LUQMAN

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Psychological Reactions ◽

One Year ◽

Suicidal Ideas

Objective: To find out the frequency and pattern of psychosocial stressors and adverse life events in patients presentingwith Acne vulgaris. Study design: A descriptive study. Place & duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department ofPsychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, in collaboration with Dermatological Department, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from September, 2012 toNovember, 2012. Subjects & Methods: The sample consisted of 50 consecutive out-patients (Female-42, Male-8) with acne. They wereinterviewed and The Presumptive Stressful life Events Scale (PSLES) was administered to elicit major life events and psychosocialstressors they had to face. Results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. Results: Out of 50 patients, 94%subjects reported more than one stress & 6% reported no stress. 15(30%) were suffering from the disease 6 months to one year. Wefound more than one stressor. Results showed 46% of the participants reported Social Withdrawal, 40% had Academic Problems, 38%showed Frustration and Anger, 32% had to face Critical Remarks / Stigmatization, 30% had Low self esteem & Negative thoughts aboutself, 12% presented with Suicidal Ideas / Attempts, about 22% reported disturbed Relationship with Spouse while 14% reported theRelationship problems with other family members. Conclusions: We concluded that psychosocial stressors and life events were presentin significant majority of patients with acne and these emotional, social, behavioural and psychological reactions have strong associationin patients suffering from acne vulgaris.

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Dissociative disorders: A study of clinico-demographic profile and associated stressors

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12386 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

R Thapa

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Dissociative Disorders ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Motor Disorder ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

One Year

Objectives: To study relevant clinico-demographic profile and stressors of dissociative disorders. Methods: this is a case control study of 39 cases of dissociative disorders and compared with 39 controls using a self designed questionnaire and G. Singh’s Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). Results: The mean age of the cases was 21.23 years. Cases of Dissociative motor disorders had significantly higher age (26.4 yrs) as compared to dissociative convulsion (18.8 yrs) and dissociative stupor (20.6 yrs). (38.5%).Two thirds of the cases had comorbid neuro-psychiatric illness, the commonest one being depression (35.9%). The cases had more stressful life events in the past one year as well as whole life when compared to controls. Family conflict was seen to be the commonest precipitating stress.Conclusions: Dissociative disorder mainly affects young people. Dissociative motor disorder is a distinct subtype with a higher age of onset. Presence of neuro-psychiatric co-morbidity is the rule rather than exception. Psychosocial stressors play an important role in disease production.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 25-30DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12386

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Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult: A scale for assessing psychosocial stressors among adults

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v12i3.43328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 119-127

Author(s):

Mohammad S. I. Mullick ◽

Sultana Algin ◽

Monirul Islam ◽

Adrian Phillipson ◽

Jhunu S. Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Factor Model ◽

Daily Life ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Life Change ◽

Validation Process ◽

Stress Scale

Stress is an integral part of daily life and inevitable. This study was aimed to produce a culturally validated scale for measuring stressful life events of adults in Bangladesh and formulate the relative life change units of each event. The study used qualitative research, including a focus group and questionnaire, as well as quantitative statistical analysis in the validation process. Researchers first developed a provisional scale with 62 items that were translated in Bangla through a translation exercise. Using an open-ended question along with this provisional scale on 518 (260 rated on imagination and 258 on experience) subjects, researchers developed Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult with 58 items and the predictive interpretation of the overall score was made. Content validity was found excellent as I-CVI was 1 except 3 items and S-CVI was 0.91. In factor analysis on the two-factor model, no item had salient loading on more than one factor and there were 3 items failed to load on either factor. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 between this scale and the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. In term of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values were ranging from 0.53-0.88. The scale is simple to administer to assess stress and usable for both clinical and research purpose.

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Moderate emotional reactions to stressful life events are associated with lowest risk of increased alcohol consumption: evidence from the Whitehall II study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 754-758

Author(s):

Nadya Dich ◽

Stacey N Doan

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Life Events ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Major Life

AbstractBackgroundResearch investigating the associations between stress-related negative emotions and alcohol consumption often assumes a linear dose–response relationship. Based on the current theories of emotions, we questioned this assumption and hypothesized that both very low and very high levels of negative emotional response (NER) to stressful life events are related to increased alcohol consumption.MethodsWe used data from Phases 1 (1985–88) and 2 (1989–90) of the British Whitehall II study. At both phases, participants reported on their alcohol consumption, recent stressful events and the NER to the events. Two thousand and sixteen participants without recent stressful events at baseline were selected. Logistic regression was used to model the association between emotional response at baseline and increased frequency of alcohol consumption between the two phases.ResultsThe likelihood of increased alcohol consumption increased with the number of recent stressful events. Among participants with at least one event, 17% increased alcohol consumption, compared with 14% of those who reported no events. Participants with average NER were at lowest risk (14%) of increasing alcohol consumption after major life events. Those with highest NER were significantly more likely to increase alcohol consumption (20%) than those with average NER, but the difference between those with highest NER and those with lowest NER (17%) was not statistically significant.ConclusionsIncreases in alcohol consumption following stressful events are least likely if people experience moderate levels of NER to events. Negative emotions in moderate doses should not be regarded as a risk factor for unhealthy behaviours, but rather a potentially protective factor.

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Does the impact of major stressful life events on the risk of developing depression change throughout life?

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703007852 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1177-1184 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

L. V. KESSING ◽

E. AGERBO ◽

P. B. MORTENSEN

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Psychiatric Ward ◽

Central Research ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Background. It is unclear whether there is an interaction of ageing on the association between major life events and onset of depression.Method. This was a population-based nested case–control study with linkage of the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and the Integrated Database for Longitudinal Labour Market Research. The study includes data on all admissions at psychiatric wards in Denmark from 1981 to 1998 and data on sociodemographic variables and death/suicide of first-degree relatives.Results. A total of 13006 patients who received a diagnosis of depression at the first ever admission at a psychiatric ward and a gender- and age-matched control group of 260108 subjects were identified. A recent divorce and recent unemployment and suicide of a relative (mother, father, sibling, child, spouse) were associated with increased risk of being admitted for the first time ever at a psychiatric ward with a diagnosis of depression whereas death of a relative by causes other than suicide years had no significant effect. In general, no interaction was found with age with any of the variables, totally, or for men or women, separately.Conclusions. The susceptibility to major life stressors does not seem to change throughout life.

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Association of Perceived Stress with Stressful Life Events, Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Factors: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Logistic Quantile Regression

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/151865 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Awat Feizi ◽

Roqayeh Aliyari ◽

Hamidreza Roohafza

Keyword(s):

Quantile Regression ◽

Life Events ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Large Scale ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Skills Training ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Community Based ◽

Major Life

Objective. The present paper aimed at investigating the association between perceived stress and major life events stressors in Iranian general population.Methods. In a cross-sectional large-scale community-based study, 4583 people aged 19 and older, living in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Logistic quantile regression was used for modeling perceived stress, measured by GHQ questionnaire, as the bounded outcome (dependent), variable, and as a function of most important stressful life events, as the predictor variables, controlling for major lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. This model provides empirical evidence of the predictors’ effects heterogeneity depending on individual location on the distribution of perceived stress.Results. The results showed that among four stressful life events, family conflicts and social problems were more correlated with level of perceived stress. Higher levels of education were negatively associated with perceived stress and its coefficients monotonically decrease beyond the 30th percentile. Also, higher levels of physical activity were associated with perception of low levels of stress. The pattern of gender’s coefficient over the majority of quantiles implied that females are more affected by stressors. Also high perceived stress was associated with low or middle levels of income.Conclusions. The results of current research suggested that in a developing society with high prevalence of stress, interventions targeted toward promoting financial and social equalities, social skills training, and healthy lifestyle may have the potential benefits for large parts of the population, most notably female and lower educated people.

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