scholarly journals Distribution Of Helminth Parasites In Size Groups And Organs Of Hilsa Shad, Tenualosa Ilisha

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Joseph D'Silva ◽  
Aminul Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
Glenn A Bristow
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Cardiac Stomach ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Tenualosa Ilisha ◽  
Organ Preference ◽  
Ecological Habitats

Demographic parameters such as prevalence, intensity, abundance etc. of the component parasites of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) collected from 11 sites under 3 different habitats all over Bangladesh were calculated as a function of host size, sex and organ of infection. Organ preference of component parasite species did not show any variation in the hilsa collected from the three ecological habitats. All the trematodes were found exclusively in cardiac stomach and intestine. Nematodes were less organ specific. Abundance of total parasites in cardiac stomach and intestine were not significantly different from each other but that of stomach and mesenteries were significantly different from each other and from cardiac stomach or mesentery. In freshwater hilsa differences between most of the lower length groups were not significant (p > 0.05). In brackish water hilsa parasite burden were significantly different between length groups. In marine hilsa mean parasites burden in different length classes were not significant (p > 0.05). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9745 DUJBS 2012 21(1): 55-65

Parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from cocoa plantations in Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
O. Edo-Taiwo ◽  
M.S.O. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Edo State ◽  
The Village ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

The parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from pesticide-treated cocoa plantations (CP) in Ojo Camp, Ugboke, Edo State of Nigeria were investigated and compared with those recovered from host specimens collected from the village settlement (VS). The anurans were caught by hand following visual or acoustic location. The anurans encountered in both the VS and the CP included Aubria subsigillata, Hylarana spp. (H. albolabris and H. galamensis), Sclerophrys spp. (S. maculata and S. regularis), Ptychadena spp. (P. aequiplicata, P. longirostris, P. mascareniensis, P. oxyrhynchus and P. pumilio) and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis. Hylarana galamensis, Ptychadena spp. and Sclerophrys spp. were encountered in the VS and the CP while Aubria subsigillata, H. albolabris and H. occipitalis occurred only in the CP. The helminth parasites recovered included four cestode species (adult of Cylindrotaenia jaegerskioeldi and three encysted  proteocephalid larvae), five Polystoma spp. 11 species of digeneans and 19 nematode species. More parasite species were recovered from toads collected from the VS; parasite prevalence was generally low in both habitats but the intensity of infection was higher in the specimens collected from the VS. Although cip A. subsigillata and H. ocitalis both occurred in the CP, A. subsigillata was the more susceptible host of the two, harbouring 16 helminth parasites as against four from H. occipitalis. Polystomes were recovered from H. albolabris and H. galamensis in addition to Diplodiscus fischthalicus and Mesocoelium spp. Infections occurred  mostly among the Ptychadeniidae collected from the CP, with prevalence ranging from 12.5% to 100% and infection intensity from 1.0 to 13.0. The generally low parasite burden in anurans from the CP can possibly be attributed to the pesticide contamination of this habitat which may have hindered the development of the free-living stages of parasites in this milieu. Keywords: Anurans; cocoa plantation; pesticides; parasitofauna; prevalence; intensity.  

Helminth parasites of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (L.)) in Newfoundland

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Rigby ◽  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Being

One hundred and fourteen muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus (L.)), collected between September 1977 and January 1979 in three areas of insular Newfoundland, were examined for helminths, with 11 species being found (7 Digenea, 2 Cestoda, and 2 Nematoda). Diplostomum mergi was recovered from a mammal for the first time. Distribution along the alimentary tract was examined and all helminths recovered preferred the proximal 60% of the small intestine, except Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis and Trichostrongylus calcaratus, which preferred the caecum. Adult and immature muskrats showed differences in the prevalence and intensity of infection and the adults also had larger concurrent infections. In only one case, namely Hymenolepis evaginata, was a parasite species more prevalent in one sex (the males). Small seasonal differences in prevalence and (or) intensity of infection were noted for some parasites and were related to differences in parasite burden of adult and immature hosts and water temperature. A difference in the occurrence of Digenea between sample areas was related to water pH and hardness.

A quantitative study of the helminth parasites of the Newfoundland short-finned squid, Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (LeSueur) (Cephalopoda:Decapoda)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Brown ◽  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
New Records ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Host Animal

Ommastrephid squid of the subspecies Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (LeSueur) were obtained during the late summer and early autumn of 1966 and 1967 from numerous areas around the eastern coast of the island of Newfoundland. Helminths of five genera were found, namely, Phyllobothrium sp. and Dinobothrium plicitum (both of which had previously been recorded from this host), Pelichnibothrium speciosum, Scolex polymorphus, and Nybelinia sp. The last three represent new records from this ommastrephid. The incidence of these parasites was tested for correlation with standard length and with sex of the host animal. Annual and seasonal variations in degree of infection were also noted. The greatest number of procercoids encountered were Dinobothrium plicitum. Degree of infection with helminths in 1966 and 1967 was similar (39%:40%) and contrary to earlier published data, infection by cestodes is not always directly correlated with mantle length. Any possible relations between sex of the squid and parasite burden are unclear.

Ecological comments on the intestinal helminths of the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (Teleostei, Siganidae) from the northern Red Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Hassanine ◽  
Mohammed Al-Jahdali
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Fundamental Niche ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Northern Red Sea

AbstractBetween May and September 2006, 640 specimens of the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus Forsskål (Teleostei, Siganidae) were examined for infections with intestinal helminths. These fishes were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt, examined in a field laboratory and separated into three size groups of regular length intervals. Only three species of helminths were recovered: the trematode Gyliauchen volubilis Nagaty, 1956 (Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), the acanthocephalan Sclerocollum rubrimaris Schmidt et Paperna, 1978 (Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932) and the nematode Procamallanus elatensis Fusco et Overstreet, 1979 (Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864). The distribution of these helminths along the intestine of S. rivulatus, in all patterns of single and concurrent infections and the corresponding prevalences and intensities of infection in the different size groups of the fish were recorded. In single infections, each parasite species was found distributed in a well-defined fundamental niche along the intestine of Siganus rivulatus, and a distinct partial overlap between the niches of G. volubilis and Sclerocollum rubrimaris was observed. In concurrent infections with these two species, their fundamental niches were significantly reduced, probably being affected by interactive site segregation and individuals of each species were found segregated in a restricted realised niche. In all other patterns of concurrent infections, each parasite species was normally found in its original fundamental niche. The prevalences of these parasites in the fish examined were relatively low and somewhat similar. In all patterns of single and concurrent infections, the intensity of infection was directly related to fish size. In concurrent infection with G. volubilis and S. rubrimaris, a significant decline was observed in the intensities of both species in the different size groups of the fish, but, in all other patterns of concurrent infections, no significant change in intensity was observed. These observations suggest that the interaction between G. volubilis and S. rubrimaris is probably a negative and symmetrical one. The mode of transmission of these parasites to the fish is also discussed.

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the common wallaroo or euro, Osphranter robustus (Gould) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specific Species

Abstract The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely distributed; restricted to northern Australia; restricted to the northern wallaroo, O. r. woodwardi; found only in the euro, O. r. erubescens; found essentially along the eastern coast of Australia, primarily in O. r. robustus; and species with highly limited regional distributions. The data currently available suggest that the acquisition of a significant number of parasites is due to co-grazing with other macropodids, while subspeciation in wallaroos as well as climatic variables may have influenced the diversification of the parasite fauna.

Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

Considering RNAi experimental design in parasitic helminths

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHNATHAN J. DALZELL ◽  
NEIL D. WARNOCK ◽  
PAUL MCVEIGH ◽  
NIKKI J. MARKS ◽  
ANGELA MOUSLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Parasite Biology

SUMMARYAlmost a decade has passed since the first report of RNA interference (RNAi) in a parasitic helminth. Whilst much progress has been made with RNAi informing gene function studies in disparate nematode and flatworm parasites, substantial and seemingly prohibitive difficulties have been encountered in some species, hindering progress. An appraisal of current practices, trends and ideals of RNAi experimental design in parasitic helminths is both timely and necessary for a number of reasons: firstly, the increasing availability of parasitic helminth genome/transcriptome resources means there is a growing need for gene function tools such as RNAi; secondly, fundamental differences and unique challenges exist for parasite species which do not apply to model organisms; thirdly, the inherent variation in experimental design, and reported difficulties with reproducibility undermine confidence. Ideally, RNAi studies of gene function should adopt standardised experimental design to aid reproducibility, interpretation and comparative analyses. Although the huge variations in parasite biology and experimental endpoints make RNAi experimental design standardization difficult or impractical, we must strive to validate RNAi experimentation in helminth parasites. To aid this process we identify multiple approaches to RNAi experimental validation and highlight those which we deem to be critical for gene function studies in helminth parasites.

Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1434 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FALCÓN-ORDAZ ◽  
J. C. WINDFIELD-PÉREZ ◽  
B. MENDOZA-GARFIAS ◽  
G. PARRA-OLEA ◽  
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Host Parasite

Plethodontid salamanders represent a group of amphibians that show a great evolutionary diversification in México, however no study of their helminth parasites had been conducted thus far. In this paper, we describe Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the intestine of the plethodontid salamanders Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from Llano Grande and Texcalyacac, Estado de México, in Central México. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. is easily distinguished from all other species of Cosmocerca in that females possess a uniquely spined tail, a character no seen in congeners. In addition, we compiled all the information of helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders, and we present it in the form of a checklist of both parasite-host, and host-parasite. A brief analysis of the helminth parasite species composition is presented regarding life-history and development characteristics of plethodontids.

Richness and diversity of parasite communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla of the River Rhine, Germany, with special reference to helminth parasites

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES ◽  
K. KNOPF ◽  
J. WÜRTZ ◽  
J. HIRT
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Single Species ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
First Time

A total of 121 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the River Rhine were investigated in respect of their parasite communities. Special attention was given to the swim bladders, intestines, gills and fins of the fish. Twelve different parasite species were found to live in and on the eels. Data from each sampling site were kept separate. Parasites found in descending order of prevalence were: Anguillicola crassus, Trypanosoma granulosum, Myxobolus sp., Paratenuisentis ambiguus, Pseudodactylogyrus sp., Bothriocephalus claviceps, Myxidium giardi, Pomphorhynchus laevis, Trichodina sp., Raphidascaris acus, Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae. Significantly different prevalences were reported for L3 larvae of A. crassus, adult P. ambiguus, B. claviceps and Myxobolus sp. at the 2 sampling sites. The highest number of parasite species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. The coexistence of the acanthocephalans P. laevis and P. ambiguus, which showed clear patterns of distribution within the intestine of the respective hosts, was reported for the first time. Up to 3 different helminth species were found in the intestine of individual fish. Among those, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite P. ambiguus as the dominant species not only of the intestinal but also of the total component communities. Both infra and component communities exhibited low diversity and were dominated by this single species. The evenness reached only approximately 50% or less and it remained unclear why the helminth communities of the eels from the River Rhine with its huge catchment area exhibit such a low parasite diversity and high dominance.

Living apart and having similar trouble: are frog helminth parasites determined by the host or by the habitat?

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Campião ◽  
O.T. Dias ◽  
R.J. Silva ◽  
V.L. Ferreira ◽  
L.E.R. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Host Habitat ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Leptodactylus Chaquensis

Sympatric hosts are exposed to similar ecological conditions, particularly if they are closely related phylogenetically and share some physiological and behavioral traits. We studied the sympatric frogs Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950 and Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862) to investigate the extent to which the helminth parasite communities were influenced by host species’ characteristics or habitat location. We described and compared the helminth communities of 50 L. chaquensis and 40 L. podicipinus collected concurrently from two different study sites in Brazil’s Pantanal floodplain. Similarities in the prevalence and mean abundance of helminths were higher among allopatric populations of the same species than among sympatric populations of different species. The effects of host species, size, and habitat on helminth composition were significant. The amount of variance in the helminth community composition explained by host species and size was greater than that explained by host habitat. These results indicate that the main factors determining similarities in parasite species in this study system are the coevolutionary and biological constraints of the host species, which either limit or allow infection of the parasite species despite the host habitat.

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