scholarly journals Phytoavailability of chromium in chromium salt and poultry feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Tazeen Fatima Khan ◽  
Samapti Roy ◽  
Md Harunur Rashid

A pot-culture experiment was conducted to investigate phytoavailability of chromium in inorganic chromium salt and raw poultry feed made from tannery waste. Poultry feed from tannery waste was applied to the soil at a rate of 5 t/ha while inorganic chromium salt was applied at a rate of 10 mg/ kg and 810 mg/kg. An upland leafy-vegetable commonly known as Kalmi (Ipomoea aquatica) was used to assess the phytoavailability. Physico-chemical analyses of all soil and plant samples were done at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation to assess chromium phytoavailability and also its effects on the uptake of other heavy metals viz., lead and iron. Plants treated with Cr showed declined vegetative growth, low accumulation of dry matter, reduced nutrient concentration and reduced nutrient uptake. It was found that the plants accumulated higher amount of Cr from raw poultry feed treated soil compared to that of the inorganic Cr salt treated soil. The effect of treatments on Cr accumulation both in root and shoot was found significant. The study concludes that Cr is phytoavailable depending on the source and increased concentration of Cr decreases accumulation of Pb and Fe and thereby likely to decrease uptake of these metals. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 201-211, 2018 (July)

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Валентина Батырбековна Цугкиева ◽  
Борис Георгиевич Цугкиев ◽  
Лариса Батарбековна Дзантиева

Разработана технология производства овощного пюре из корнеклубней якона, успешно интродуцированного в Республику Северная Осетия - Алания. Изучая химические показатели корнеклубней якона, установлено, что они отличаются богатым химическим составом и содержат сухих веществ - 11,9 %, протеина - 1,88 %, жира - 0,21 %, клетчатки - 1,06 %, золы - 1,48 %, безазотистых экстрактивных веществ - 9,0 %, инулина - 9,0 %, кислотность - 0,22 %. Якон имеет богатый минеральный состав. В 1 кг корнеклубней якона содержится кальция - 0,4 г, фосфора - 0,3 г, железа - 56,1 мг, меди - 0,57 мг, цинка - 3,0 мг, марганца - 12,6 мг, кобальта - 0,03 мг, йода - 0,01 мг, селена - 0,041 мг. Установлено, что в пюре из якона содержание сухих веществ составляет 15,0 %, что соответствует стандартам, содержание жира достигает 4,5 %, а минеральных примесей - 0,003 %. Растительные и посторонние примеси не обнаружены. По внешнему виду пюре из корнеклубней якона представляет собой однородную пюреобразную массу. Запах пюре фруктовый, без постороннего запаха. Вкус сладковатый, полный, насыщенный с приятным послевкусием, без постороннего вкуса. Цвет пюре однородный по всей массе: от желтого до светло-коричневого. Потемнение поверхностного слоя отсутствует. Особую ценность якону придает наличие в его составе инулина - природного полисахарида, на 95% состоящего из фруктозы, что позволяет корневые клубни якона и полученный продукт из него - пюре - рекомендовать как диетический продукт, в том числе людям, страдающим сахарным диабетом и ожирением. Установлено, что целесообразно использовать корневые клубни якона для производства овощного пюре. Пюре из корнеклубней якона по физико-химическим и органолептическим показателям соответствует требованиям стандартов. A technology to produce yacon pips-besed mashed vegetables successfully introduced to the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania is developed. Studying the chemical parameters of yacon pips, it was found that they differ in rich chemical composition and contain dry matter - 11.9 %, protein - 1.88 %, fat - 0.21 %, fiber - 1.06 %, ash - 1.48 %, nitrogen-free extractives - 9.0 %, inulin - 9.0 %, acidity - 0.22 %. Yacon has the rich mineral composition. 1 kg of yacon pips contains calcium - 0.4 g, phosphorus - 0.3 g, iron - 56.1 mg, copper - 0.57 mg, zinc - 3.0 mg, manganese - 12.6 mg, cobalt - 0.03 mg, iodine - 0.01 mg, selenium - 0.041 mg. It was found that mashed yacon contains 15.0 % of dry matter, which meets standards, the fat content reaches 4.5 %, and mineral admixtures - 0.003 %. No plant or extraneous matter was detected. In appearance, the yacon pips-based mash is a homogeneous, mash-like mass. The mash smell is fruity, free of any foreign smell. The taste is sweet, full, rich, with a pleasant aftertaste, free of foreign taste. The color of the mash is homogeneous throughout the whole mass from yellow to light brown. There is no darkening of the surface layer. The special value of yacon is due to inulin in its composition - natural polysaccharide, consists of 95 % fructose, which allows the yacon pips and the resulting product - mash, to be recommended as a dietary product, including people suffering from diabetes and obesity. It was found that it is advisable to use yacon pips for the production of mashed vegetables. Yacon pips-based mash meets standards in physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 181322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Buček ◽  
Marek Zatloukal ◽  
Libor Havlíček ◽  
Lucie Plíhalová ◽  
Tomáš Pospíšil ◽  
...  

Cytokinins (CKs) and their metabolites and derivatives are essential for cell division, plant growth regulation and development. They are typically found at minute concentrations in plant tissues containing very complicated biological matrices. Therefore, defined standards labelled with stable isotopes are required for precise metabolic profiling and quantification of CKs, as well as in vivo elucidation of CK biosynthesis in various plant species. In this work, 11 [ 15 N]-labelled C6-purine derivatives were prepared, among them 5 aromatic ( 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ) and 3 isoprenoid ( 9, 10, 11 ) CKs. Compared to current methods, optimized syntheses of 6-amino-9H-[ 15 N 5 ]-purine (adenine) and 6-chloro-9H-[ 15 N 4 ]-purine (6-chloropurine) were performed to achieve more effective, selective and generally easier approaches. The chemical identity and purity of prepared compounds were confirmed by physico-chemical analyses (TLC; HRMS; HPLC–MS; 1 H, 13 C, 15 N NMR). The presented approach is applicable for the synthesis of any other desired [ 15 N 4 ]-labelled C6-substituted purine derivatives.


1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dussault ◽  
B. Pelissier ◽  
F. Dufaye ◽  
S. Gough ◽  
J. Hamonne ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Latiful Bari ◽  
Hasina Akhter Simol ◽  
Nusrat Khandoker ◽  
Rokeya Begum ◽  
Ummay Nasrin Sultana

Background. For over a decade, solid tannery waste has been converted into protein concentrate and used as a feed ingredient because of its cheap availability. However, as chromium sulfate is commonly used in the tanning process, the chromium (Cr) content of tanned skin-cut wastes (SCW) may enter the edible parts of poultry through feed. Therefore, there is a chance that Cr and other heavy metals may be present in the edible portion of poultry and consequently transfer to humans upon poultry consumption. Objectives. In this study, skin-cut wastes (SCW)-based poultry feed and the edible parts of chicken fed with this feed were analyzed to understand the potential health risks of their use as poultry feed. Methods. In the present study, the presence of heavy metal content in SCW, poultry feed, and edible portions of different kinds of chicken was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer methods and the associated health risk estimation was calculated by comparing the target hazard quotient (THQ) value and reference daily intake value. Results. The results revealed the presence of Cr content ranging from 0.12–3.11 mg/kg and lead (Pb) content ranging from 8.06–22.0 mg/kg in SCW. In addition, Cr and Pb were present in the range of 0.27–0.98 mg/kg and 10.27–10.36 mg/kg, respectively, in poultry feed. However, no cadmium (Cd) was found in SCW, but the presence of Cd ranged from 0.03–0.05 mg/kg in feed. When contaminated poultry feed was fed to live poultry, the presence of Cr, Pb and Cd was observed in the edible portions (i. e. skin, liver, gizzard, and meat). Irrespective of the edible parts and chicken type, Cr values ranged from 0.1–2.440 mg/kg; Pb values ranged from 0.257–1.750 mg/kg; and Cd values ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 0.037 mg/kg. Conclusions. The estimated daily intake value, THQ, along with the aggregate hazard index value, indicated a potential risk to consumers through consumption of contaminated chicken. Therefore, the study results clearly demonstrate heavy metals accumulation in chicken due to feeding SCW-based feed. The contaminated chicken further transfers these heavy metals to humans through ingestion. Hence, there is a potential human health risk through consumption of contaminated chicken meat.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Samara dos Santos Rekowsky ◽  
Géssica Cordeiro de Araújo ◽  
Nelson de Carvalho Delfino ◽  
Marion Pereira da Costa ◽  
Thadeu Mariniello Silva

Buffalo milk presents higher proteins and lipids concentration than cow milk, which provides a better yield in cheese-making production and products with considerable sensory approval. However, buffalo milk is not regularly available throughout the year due to different handling conditions. Thus, to guarantee the supply of buffalo milk dairy products during the year, the addition of bovine milk is an alternative. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effect of a buffalo and bovine milk mixture for the Minas Frescal cheese elaboration by physico-chemical, sensory analysis and obtaining yield. The raw material was analysed for the parameters of acidity, density, fat, total solids and solid-not-fat. There were 3 Minas Frescal cheeses elaborated from 3 formulations: 100% buffalo milk, 100% bovine milk and the mixture of 50% of each milk. The cheeses were submitted to the Gravimetric and Gerber methods to obtain values of moisture and fat, as well as to obtain, indirectly, fat in dry matter. For bovine and buffalo milk, the parameters evaluated (acidity, density, fat, total solids and solids-not-fat) complied with Brazilian legislation and parameters described in the literature. For the bovine, mixed and buffalo fresh cheeses, values were obtained, respectively, for moisture (74.04, 60.93 and 63.61), fat in dry matter (44.35, 42.23 and 46.03) and cheese yield (27, 20.8 and 24.2), indicating a higher yield for the bovine Minas Frescal cheese and higher fat content for the buffalo cheese. The overall acceptance of the mixed Minas Frescal cheese was significantly superior to the bovine and buffalo cheese. The parameters of colour, appearance, texture, flavour and overall acceptance were above 8 points in the hedonic scale (‘moderately liked’ to ‘extremely liked’), and the aroma attribute scored was above 7 (‘I enjoyed regularly’ to ‘moderately liked’). Therefore, the elaboration of Minas Frescal cheese from the mixture of 2 matrices (buffalo and bovine milk) demonstrated technological viability with the potential to meet the demands of the consumer market.


2008 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vulic ◽  
Ljubo Vracar ◽  
Zdravko Sumic

This work is consered with the processing value of Elderberry fruit (berries) from domestic plantation selection (Horgos region). Chemical analyses of reference parameters (dry matter, acidity, pectin, pectic acid, protopectin, Capectat, ash, cellulose, total and reducing sugars, mineral substances, proteins and aminoacids, surface color, anthocyanins and vitamin C) confirmed high nutritional and physiological value of samples and full validity of work on this selection and production in plantation conditions.


2018 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Mohd Nizam Lani ◽  
Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan ◽  
Adilah Ismail ◽  
Wan Bayani Wan Omar ◽  
Zaiton Hassan ◽  
...  

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