scholarly journals Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Rhazya stricta Decne extract and its fractions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Muahammad Javaid Asad ◽  
Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad ◽  
Rehmatullah Qureshi ◽  
Syed Imam Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Rhazya Stricta

Diabetes mellitus is the most common human disease and there is growing interest for plant based therapy in managing diabetes mellitus specifically in the developing world. In the present study, Rhazya stricta Decne extract was analysed for its antidiabetic activities. Crude methanolic extracts of different plant parts were tested in vivo on albino mice Balb-C, for the reduction of blood glucose, urea, cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin. Results obtained showed that leaves of R. stricta have best antidiabetic effect by reducing blood glucose level, Glycosylated haemoglobin, triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in hyperglycaemic mice. The R. stricta leaves extract being most active was further fractionated by solvent extraction using n- Hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and water and all fractions were tested for same activities. It was found that ethyl acetate fraction is most effective in the reduction of blood glucose level at fasting and random conditions and blood glucose reduction was comparable to Glucophage, a standard antidiabetic drug. The present study suggests that Rhazya stricta leaves extract and its ethyl acetate fraction has great potential for development of antidiabetic drug.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21484 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 353-361

scholarly journals Effect of Root Extract Fractions of Kyllinga triceps Rottb on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Rani Vanapatla ◽  
G Krishna Mohan ◽  
B Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Acute Study

The present study was aimed to evaluate the root extract fractions of Kyllinga triceps (KT) for their antidiabetic potential on streptozotocin induced diabetes in neonatal rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (90mg/kg) to 48±2h old neonatal rats. Effect of root extract fractions (toluene, ethyl acetate, 1- butanol at 50 &100 mg/kg.) were tested for their antihyperglycemic activity by measuring their fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at 0,2,4,6,8,12 & 24 h after the treatment. In sub acute study ethyl acetate fraction of KT (EAKT) was administered daily to diabetic rats orally at a dose of 100mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight of the animals and blood glucose level were observed at weekly interval during the study. Cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, SGPT, ALP, creatinine and total proteins level in serum were also estimated at the initial and after 28 days of the treatment. As the preliminary investigation conducted in our lab on methanolic extract of the roots of KT had showed significant oral glucose tolerance with 200 mg/kg in normal rats. Oral administration of fractions of the plant significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Among the fractions, EAKT was found to be more effective. Further, in sub-acute study, EAKT, showed a significant anti diabetic activity by reversal of the altered afore said serum biochemical parameters. The results of the study are substantiating the traditional claim of the roots of Kyllinga triceps in the treatment of diabetes with a scope for development of antidiabetic herbal drug from EAKT.   Key words: Antidiabetic activity; Kyllinga triceps; Ethyl acetate fraction; Streptozotocin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8863 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 25-30

scholarly journals ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF ANNONA RETICULATA LEAF

2016 ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Soumya Prakash Rout ◽  
Durga Madhab Kar ◽  
Laxmidhar Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Annona Reticulata

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Context: Several species of the genus Annona were reported to have hypoglycemic properties and this makes Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae)<br />an interesting plant for investigating its anti-hyperglycemic potential.<br />Objective: Different fractions prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave were investigated for their blood glucose lowering effect on<br />Streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rats.<br />Methods: Ethyl acetate, methanol, and residual fractions (at dose level of 100 mg/kg by oral route) prepared from the hydro-alcoholic extract of<br />A. reticulata leave were administered for 14 consecutive days to STZ induced hyperglycemic rats for evaluation of their anti-hyperglycemic potential.<br />Anti-hyperglycemic potential was assessed by observation of a decrease in fasting blood glucose level.<br />Results: The studies revealed that ethyl acetate fraction decreased the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic rats from 447.67 to 234.17 mg/dL and is<br />significant (p&lt;0.001) when compared with diabetic control group. The residual fraction and methanolic fraction decreased blood glucose level from<br />417.83 to 402.50 mg/dL and 432.33 to 371.67 mg/dL respectively but not significant when compared with the diabetic control group. Standard drug<br />metformin (dose 300 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level from 447.33 to 219.50 mg/dL.<br />Discussion: Ethyl acetate fraction at tested dose level was capable not only to control the elevated blood glucose level but also able to attenuate<br />certain secondary parameters associated with STZ induced hyperglycemia.<br />Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave exhibit potential antihyperglycemic<br />property<br />in the tested<br />experimental<br />models and should be investigated<br />further.<br />Keywords: Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia.</p>

scholarly journals The Activity of Wungu Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) Extract in Reducing Blood Glucose Level of Hyperglycemic Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Hayatul Rahmi ◽  
I Made Artika ◽  
Norman Razief Azwar ◽  
Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno ◽  
Waras Nurcholis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Potential Use

Wungu leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) is a plant thought to have potential use in alleviating symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the activity of wungu leaf extracts in decreasing blood glucose level of alloxan (200 mg/kg BW)-induced hyperglycemic mice. Extracts of wungu leaf were obtained by macerating with ethanol and then partitioning the extract with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Each extract obtained was used to treat hyperglycemic mice for 28 days. The results showed that wungu leaf extracts have the ability to decrease the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic mice (dose 50 mg/kg BW). The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, bringing about a decrease of blood glucose of 37.6 %. The wungu leaf extract has the potential to be developed as a source of anti-diabetic agents.

Preparation and Evaluation of Glipizide Tablets Containing both Enhanced and Sustained Release Solid Dispersions

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Adel M. Aly ◽  
Ahmed S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
Evaporation Method ◽  
Tablet Formulations

: Glipizide (GZ) is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class characterized by its poor aqueous solubility. Aiming for the production of GZ tablets with rapid onset of action followed by prolonged effect; GZ-Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 and 6000) solid dispersions with different ratios, (using melting and solvent evaporation method), as well as, coprecipitate containing GZ with polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared. Four tablet formulations were prepared containing; a) GZ alone, b) GZ: PEG6000, 1:10, c) GZ:PMMA 1:3, and, d)both GZ:PEG6000 1:10 and GZ:PMMA 1:3. The solvent evaporation method showed more enhancement of GZ solubility than the melting one, and this solubilizing effect increased with PEG increment. Generally, PEG6000 showed more enhancement of dissolution than PEG4000 especially at 1:10 drug: polymer ratio (the most enhancing formula). Also, the prepared tablet formulations showed acceptable physical properties according to USP/NF requirements. The dissolution results revealed that tablets containing PEG6000 (1:10) have the most rapid release rate, followed by the formula containing both PEG6000 and PMMA, while that including PMMA alone showed the slowest dissolution rate. Moreover, In-vivo studies for each of the above four formulations, were performed using four mice groups. The most effective formula in decreasing the blood glucose level, through the first 6 hours, was that containing GZ and PEG6000, 1:10. However, formula containing the combination of enhanced and sustained GZ was the most effective in decreasing the blood glucose level through 16 hours. Successful in-vitro in-vivo correlations could be detected between the percent released and the percent decreasing of blood glucose level after 0.5 hours.

Glucose Levels and Outcome After Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Ruiqi Chen ◽  
Chao You ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: Hyperglycemia is reported to be associated with poor outcome in patients with spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), but the association between blood glucose level and outcomes in Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage (PIVH) remains unclear. We sought to identify the parameters associated with admission hyperglycemia and analyze the impact of hyperglycemia on clinical outcome in patients with PIVH. Methods: Patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital with PIVH between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively included in our study. Clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the analysis. Mean admission blood glucose level was 7.78±2.73 mmol/L and 10 patients (5.9%) had a history of diabetes mellitus. History of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01; Odds Ratio [OR], 9.10; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.64 to 50.54) was independent predictor of admission critical hyperglycemia defined at 8.17 mmol/L. Patients with admission critical hyperglycemia poorer outcome at discharge (P < 0.001) and 90 days (P < 0.001). After adjustment, admission blood glucose was significantly associated with discharge (P = 0.01; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) and 90-day poor outcomes (P = 0.03; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.58), as well as mortality at 90 days (P = 0.005; OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.78). In addition, admission critical hyperglycemia showed significantly increased the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH (P = 0.02; OR, 6.04; 95% CI 1.27 to 28.80) even after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusion: Admission blood glucose after PIVH is associated with discharge and 90-day poor outcomes, as well as mortality at 90 days. Admission hyperglycemia significantly increases the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH.

Synthesis, Characterization and in vivo Evaluation of PEGylated PPI Dendrimer for Safe and Prolonged Delivery of Insulin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Parashar ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Arun K. Gupta ◽  
Neetesh K. Jain ◽  
Balak Das Kurmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Hemolytic Toxicity

Background: The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of PEGylated Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers for the delivery of an anti-diabetic drug, insulin. Methods: For this study, 4.0G PPI dendrimer was synthesized by successive Michael addition and exhaustive amidation reactions, using ethylenediamine as the core and acrylonitrile as the propagating agent. Two different activated PEG moieties were employed for PEGylation of PPI dendrimers. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters UV, IR, NMR, TEM, DSC, drug entrapment, drug release, hemolytic toxicity and blood glucose level studies of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated dendritic systems were determined and compared. Results: PEGylation of PPI dendrimers caused increased solubilization of insulin in the dendritic framework as well as in PEG layers, reduced drug release and hemolytic toxicity as well as increased therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects of insulin. These systems were found to be suitable for sustained delivery of insulin by in vitro and blood glucose-level studies in albino rats, without producing any significant hematological disturbances. Conclusion: Thus, surface modification of PPI dendrimers with PEG molecules has been found to be a suitable approach to utilize it as a safe and effective nano-carrier for drug delivery.

scholarly journals A vércukorértékek nem feltétlenül jellemzik megfelelően a sejtanyagcsere-állapotot

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Kornél Simon ◽  
István Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress

Abstract: In clinical recommendations the normalized blood glucose level is declared as the main target in therapy of diabetes mellitus, i.e. the achievement of euglycemia is the main therapeutic goal. This approach suggests, that the normal blood glucose value is the marker of the normal carbohydrate metabolism (eumetabolism), and vice versa: hyperglycemia is associated with abnormal metabolism (dysmetabolism). However the question arises, whether identical blood glucose values do reflect the same intracellular biochemical mechanisms? On the basis of data published in the literature authors try to answer these questions by studying the relations between the short/longterm blood glucose level and the cellular metabolism in different clinical settings characterized by divergent pathophysiological parameters. The correlations between blood glucose level and cellular metabolism in development of micro-, and macroangiopathy, in the breakthrough phenomenon, as well as during administration of metabolic promoters, the discrepancies of relation between blood glucose values and cellular metabolism in type 1, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, furthermore association between blood glucose value and myocardial metabolism in acute and chronic stress were analyzed. Authors conclude, that the actual blood glucose values reveal the actual cellular metabolism in a very variable manner: neither euglycemia does mandatorily indicate eumetabolism (balance of cellular energy production), nor hyperglycemia is necessarily a marker of abnormal metabolic state (dept of cellular energy production). Moreover, at the same actual blood glucose level both the metabolic efficacy of the same organ may sharply vary, and the intracellular biochemical machinery could also be very different. In case of the very same longterm blood glucose level the metabolic state of the different organs could be very variable: some organs show an energetically balanced metabolism, while others produce a significant deficit. These inconsistencies between blood glucose level and cellular metabolism can be explained by the fact, that blood glucose value is a transport parameter, reflecting the actual steady state of glucose transport from the carbohydrate pools into the blood, and that from the blood into the tissues. Without knowing the speed of these transports of opposite direction, the blood glucose value per se can not reveal the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cellular metabolism. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(11), 409–417.

scholarly journals Experimental strategy of animal trial for the approval of anti-diabetic agents prior to their use in pre-human clinical trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Bajpai ◽  
Irfan A. Rather ◽  
Gyeong-Jun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Animal Trial ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Pass Through

<p>Although several naturally available drugs have been historically used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus throughout the world, few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Before approval of any drug developed it should pass through animal trial prior to clinical human trial, which should followed by some standard ethical rules. Recently, a large diversity of animal models have been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this autoimmune disease. In the present article, we demonstrated some standard handling procedure of animal trial for the approval of anti-diabetic drug, which could be helpful for both academics and industrial scientific community to conduct the animal experiments. This research also contributes in the field of ethnopharmacology to design new strategies for the development of novel drugs to treat this serious condition of diabetes mellitus that constitutes a global public health.</p><p> </p><p><strong>VIDEO CLIPS</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/_Qz4opKbNuc">Handling and caring of mice:</a>                                              2 min 30 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/1ftT8ozWy-c">Inducing diabetes in mice and observing blood glucose level:</a>   1 min 47 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/u01ls9p6310">Drug administration and observation of blood glucose level:</a>    2 min 11 sec</p><p> </p>

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