scholarly journals Impacts of three pesticides on arthropod biodiversity in brinjal agro-ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
HB Saif
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Arthropod Biodiversity ◽  
Searching Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Arthropod Pest

A field study was conducted to find out the impact of three selected pesticides on arthropod biodiversity in brinjal agro-ecosystem during 2011-2012 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU). Twenty-six arthropod species were observed through visual searching method out of which 18 were insect pest species (from 14 families under 8 orders) and 8 were natural enemies (from 8 families under 6 families). Twenty one species of surface dwelling arthropods were caught in pitfall traps method, 12 of them were insect pest species (from 11 families under 8 orders) and 9 were natural enemies (from 9 families under 5 orders). Formicidae was the most abundant family among them. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Tracer 45SC (Spinosad) were less harmful to arthropod pest species as well as natural enemies in the brinjal agro-ecosystem. Proclaim 5SG reduced the overall abundance of arthropod species. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Tracer 45SC were relatively safe for natural enemies and therefore would be fit well into integrated pest management (IPM) against BSFB of brinjal crop.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 55-61, June, 2018

scholarly journals Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

Management of beneficial invertebrates and their potential role in integrated pest management for Australian grain systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Holloway ◽  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Philip I. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The Impact

Beneficial invertebrates (predators and parasitoids) can make significant contributions to the suppression of insect pest populations in many cropping systems. In Australia, natural enemies are incorporated into integrated pest management programs in cotton and horticultural agroecosystems. They are also often key components of effective programs for the management of insect pests of grain crops in other parts of the world. However, few studies have examined the contribution of endemic natural enemies to insect pest suppression in the diverse grain agroecosystems of Australia. The potential of these organisms is assessed by reviewing the role that natural enemies play in the suppression of the major pests of Australian grain crops when they occur in overseas grain systems or other local agroecosystems. The principal methods by which the efficacy of biological control agents may be enhanced are examined and possible methods to determine the impact of natural enemies on key insect pest species are described. The financial and environmental benefits of practices that encourage the establishment and improve the efficacy of natural enemies are considered and the constraints to adoption of these practices by the Australian grains industry are discussed.

VULNERABILITY OF THE FIR CONEWORM, DIORYCTRIAABIETIVORELLA (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN DIFFERENT LARVAL STAGES TO THE HD-1 STRAIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Trudel ◽  
Éric Bauce ◽  
Jean Cabana ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Dioryctria Abietivorella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
The Impact

The fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote), is a major insect pest in seed orchards across Canada and the adjoining eastern and western United States. Larvae feed principally on cones, but they can also feed on needles and occasionally on the bark of young tree trunks (Hedlin et al. 1980; Ruth 1980; Martineau 1985). The potential for a population of D. abietivorella to build up in seed orchards may be greater than in natural stands (Hedlin et al. 1980; Ruth et al. 1982). The use of entomopathogen in the management of fir coneworm could be an adequate measure to reduce the impact of this insect. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki has a specific effect on Lepidoptera (Aronson et al. 1986; Gill et al. 1992). The purpose of our study was to determine the activity of the HD-1 strain of B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (serotype H-3a:3b) to larvae D. abietivorella. Bioassays were conducted with first-, third-, and fifth-instar larvae of fir coneworm to determine whether or not the insect's vulnerability to B. thuringiensis varies with larval age.

scholarly journals Cassava whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in East African farming landscapes: a review of the factors determining abundance

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Macfadyen ◽  
C. Paull ◽  
L.M. Boykin ◽  
P. De Barro ◽  
M.N. Maruthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest species complex that causes widespread damage to cassava, a staple food crop for millions of households in East Africa. Species in the complex cause direct feeding damage to cassava and are the vectors of multiple plant viruses. Whilst significant work has gone into developing virus-resistant cassava cultivars, there has been little research effort aimed at understanding the ecology of these insect vectors. Here we assess critically the knowledge base relating to factors that may lead to high population densities of sub-Saharan African (SSA) B. tabaci species in cassava production landscapes of East Africa. We focus first on empirical studies that have examined biotic or abiotic factors that may lead to high populations. We then identify knowledge gaps that need to be filled to deliver sustainable management solutions. We found that whilst many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the increases in abundance witnessed since the early 1990s, there are little published data and these tend to have been collected in a piecemeal manner. The most critical knowledge gaps identified were: (i) understanding how cassava cultivars and alternative host plants impact population dynamics and natural enemies; (ii) the impact of natural enemies in terms of reducing the frequency of outbreaks and (iii) the use and management of insecticides to delay the development of resistance. In addition, there are several fundamental methodologies that need to be developed and deployed in East Africa to address some of the more challenging knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Diversity and equitability of insect pests and natural enemies in brinjal field treated with insecticide

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
A Awal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Sweep Net

Experiment was conducted during winter season to study the diversity and equitability of insect pest species and natural enemies in insecticide treated brinjal fields. Highest number of insect pests were recorded in` Tracer 45 SC, Bactoil (Bt), Nimbicidene 0.03 EC and lowest was in Necstar-50 EC and Proclaim-5 SG treated plots. The highest total abundance of insect pest was recorded in the plots treated with Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC and lowest total abundance was in Helicide (HNPV), Proclaim-5 SG and Booster-10 EC treated plots. The diversity index and equitability of insect pest species were highest in the plots treated with Nimbicidene 0.03 EC and Bactoil in visual search and sweep net methods while Bactoil and Booster 10 EC in pitfall trap method. However, lowest diversity index and equitability were obtained from the plots treated with Booster 10 EC, Proclaim-5 SG, Necstar-50 EC, Tracer-45 SC in visual search and sweep net methods but also in plots treated with Nimbicidene 0.03 EC in pitfall trap method. In case of natural enemies, the highest number of families were recorded in Tracer-45 SC, Nimbicidine 0.03 EC and Bactoil treated plots while lowest was in Helicide, Booster 10 EC, Proclaim-5 SG and Necstar-50 EC treated plots. The highest total abundance of natural enemy was recorded in the plot treated with Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC while lowest abundance was in the plot treated with Necstar-50 EC and Boster-10 EC. The diversity index and equitability of natural enemies were the highest in the plots treated with Proclaim-5 SG, Bactoil, Helicide and Necstar-50 EC in visual search, sweep net method and pitfall trap method while lowest was in Booster 10 EC, Tracer-45 SC treated plots in visual search method, Booster 10 EC and Nimbicidene 0.03 EC treated plots in sweep net method, Necstar-50 EC and Nimbicidene 0.03 EC treated plots in pitfall trap method. Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC were relatively safe for natural enemies and therefore would be fit well into integrated pest management (IPM) against BSFB of brinjal crop.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 71-80, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strains produce vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip 3) with high potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Güney ◽  
Aysun Adıgüzel ◽  
Zihni Demirbağ ◽  
Kazım Sezen
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) during its vegetative growth stage. Vip3 proteins have a significant role in insecticidal activity of this bacterium. Each new bacterial isolate may encode Vip with different significance. The Vip protein coding by vip genes of two Bt strains (BnBt and MnD) with high insecticidal activity was characterized in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening for Vip genes of these Bt isolates expressed the detected Vip gene and tested the protein for insecticidal activity against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis larvae. As a result of the screening tests, Vip3 genes were determined in MnD and BnBt isolates. Vip3 genes of both isolates were expressed and confirmed by 90 kDa proteins. Partially purified and trypsin-activated protein samples of BnBt and MnD isolates were tested against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. The results showed that the highest insecticidal activity of the Vip3 proteins of BnBt and MnD was 86.66% and 83.33% mortality in 10 days, respectively. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of BnBt and MnD were determined as 41.860 and 55.154 ng/μl, respectively. The results suggest that Vip3 protein is effective for preventing resistance in various insect-pest species. The expressed proteins may be utilized as a biopesticide against nocuous insects.

scholarly journals Biological control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) by Entomopathogenic fungi and their side effects on natural enemies

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Corallo ◽  
Evelin Pechi ◽  
Lina Bettucci ◽  
Susana Tiscornia
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease

Abstract Background The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is an insect pest species responsible for damages of citrus fruit quality and tree health. This insect is a vector of bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. a putative causal agent of citrus greening disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB), considered one of the most destructive diseases of citrus orchards worldwide. Disease management is mainly based on vector control using pesticides which can affect natural enemies that play an important role in pest control. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (2067 and 2121) and Metarhizium anisopliae (2411) were achieved by applying a suspension of 1 × 107 spores against D. citri nymphs and artificially infected the citrus seedlings under controlled and semi-field conditions. Also, the activity of these EPFs on the coccinellid and lacewing predators was evaluated. The effects of the main chemicals used in citrus plantations on the selected fungi for possible combined use was also investigated. Results The obtained results showed that under controlled conditions, the percentage of insect mortality produced by EPF varied between 82.8 and 85.9%. Under semi-field conditions, the infection and mortality of D. citri caused by the M. anisopliae 2411 strain was significantly higher than that of B. bassiana 2067, 78.9 and 51%, respectively. Non-significant effect of EPF on the natural enemies of D. citri was observed, suggesting that EPF and predators had compatible effects. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrated that EPF were able to kill D. citri and can be explored as a promissory biocontrol candidate. Simultaneous use in an integrated pest management program could be possible by applying EPF combined with pesticides.

scholarly journals Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 137-168
Author(s):  
Mark R. McNeill ◽  
Xiongbing Tu ◽  
Colin M. Ferguson ◽  
Liping Ban ◽  
Scott Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Impact

For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.

scholarly journals Arthropods Associated with Corn Planted in the Marginal Uplands of Inopacan, Leyte

2014 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Maria Juliet Ceniza ◽  
Rosalyn Borines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Group ◽  
Sweep Net

A study was conducted to assess and identify the arthropods associated with corn planted in the marginal uplands of Inopacan, Leyte, using pan trap and sweep net methods, done biweekly during the two cropping periods. Two major groups of arthropods were recorded which included the Arachnids and the insect group, consisting of nine (11) orders of insects represented by 59 insects species and 20 spiders. These arthropods belonged to phytophagous groups (chewing and sucking arthropods); natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and the innocuous groups or considered “others” (scavengers and saprophagous) The most abundant insect pest species in corn were the Chrysomelidae and Scarabaeidae beetles, while leafhoppers (Homoptera) were moderately abundant in the crop. The predators were mostly ants (Hymenoptera), the spiders (Arachnids), and coccinellid beetles. The parasitoids included the braconid, ichneumonid, and chalcid wasps. The most abundant non-pest and innocuous species are the Dipterans which are potential hosts or prey of the biotic agents in the corn ecosystem. The abundance of pest species in corn is not yet alarming, which indicates that the pests are not attracted to the crops which were marginal in growth. The natural enemies were also occurring in moderate numbers adequate to suppress abundance of pest species. However, from the results, the corn planted in the marginal upland with chicken dung was observed to have the higher number of insect associations than the other treatments.

Biological Control Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-417
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Living Organisms

This chapter assesses biological control strategies that can reduce turfgrass insect pest populations. Biological control refers to the suppression of pest populations through the activity of living organisms or their by-products. Although a majority of this book is devoted to understanding turfgrass pests, most organisms associated with turfgrass are not pests but instead may be considered beneficial because they reduce thatch, help recycle soil nutrients, or are natural enemies of pest species. Pest outbreaks can sometimes be traced to the absence of natural control agents in the turf environment. Vertebrate and invertebrate predators, insect parasitoids, and microbial pathogens may act as natural enemies of turfgrass pests. Although the effect of one species of natural enemy may be minor, the combined effects of predators, parasitoids, and pathogens can cause considerable reductions in pest populations. Additional agents can be considered as biological controls. These include fungal endophytes (which confer host-plant resistance to some insects), botanicals (botanically derived insecticides), and synthetic compounds that mimic the activity of insect-produced compounds, such as growth hormones and pheromones.

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