Iodized Salt Consumption in Sudan: Present Status and Future Directions

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is one of main nutrition problems which cannot be eliminated until now in Indonesia. Total goiter rate (TGR) of school children increased from 9.8% in 1998 to 11.1% in 2003. In Gunung Kidul District, TGR of school was 12.2% and of pregnant mothers was 18.4% in 1996. One of efforts to overcome IDD is salt iodization. Result of a national survey of household iodized salt consumption in 2002 showed that only 68.53% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt, while salt monitoring at Gunung Kidul District in 2003 showed that only 73.08% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt. The low rate of consumption level of iodized salt may be caused by availability of salt with low iodine level (not as high as mentioned in the label), higher price of iodized salt and lack of knowledge about types and benefits of iodized salt among mothers.Objective: To identify consumption level of iodized salt and IDD status of pregnant mothers at IDD endemic area at Gunung Kidul District.Method: The study was an observational type which used cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subject of the study were pregnant mothers at their second trimester pregnancy.Results: Availability of iodized salt according to: quality was 81.1% low and 18.9% sufficient; types of salt was 17.6% coorse, 77.8% bricket, and 4.6% fine salt; price was 69.0% high and 31.0% not high; taste was 36.8% bitter and 63.2% not bitter. Analysis result of Pearson Chi-Square with Odds Ratio showed that there was relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt in the household (p<0.05) with OR=20.50 for quality, and OR=43 for types. There was relationship between salt consumption level of urine iodine excretion with p<0.05 and OR=2.604. Median of urine iodine excretion level was 86.1µg/l which belonged to category of light IDD endemic area and there had been no change of endemic area status since 1996.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt. There was relationship between iodized salt consumption level and IDD. Iodized salt program was not yet effective and supply of iodine capsules should go on until it reached use of good iodized salt.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY OF IODIZED SALT CONSUMPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN TRIBAL AREA OF NORTH INDIA.

10.36106/ijar/7602779 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Nidhi Chauhan ◽

Anmol Gupta ◽

Priyanka Priyanka ◽

Resham Singh ◽

Saurabh Rattan

Keyword(s):

Normal Growth ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

North India ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Salt Iodization ◽

Current Survey ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followed faulty storage practices and were not aware of right storage and cooking practices. More than half of respondents were unaware of importance of iodine / iodized salt and its role in normal growth and prevention of diseases.

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Iodized Salt Consumption

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s12098-019-02893-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 218-219

Author(s):

Chandrakant S. Pandav

Keyword(s):

Iodized Salt ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

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Thyroid Function Variability in a Cohort of Healthy Pregnant Women: Effect of BMI, Smoking and Iodized Salt Consumption

LOJ Pharmacology and Clinical Research ◽

10.32474/lojpcr.2020.02.000134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ines Velasco

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

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Analisis Demand dan Supply Konsumsi Garam Beryodium Tingkat Rumah Tangga

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v6i6.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Nadia Irina Darmawan ◽

Ede Surya Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Iodized Salt ◽

District Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Demand Factor ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Secara nasional, konsumsi garam beryodium cukup adalah 62,3% dan di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah 58,3%. Cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di Kota Bekasi hanya sekitar 62,14%. Pemantauan garam beryodium di tingkat rumah tangga oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bekasi tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwa garam yang mengandung yodium cukup adalah 51%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui analisis faktor demand dan supply terhadap konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Bekasi Barat Kota Bekasi dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi yang diteliti yaitu 110 orang ibu dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Pada faktor demand di- dapatkan hasil bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan konsumsi ga- ram beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Namun, tidak ada hubungan antara pendapatan dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Pada faktor supply didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara ketersediaan di pasar dan harga dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga diperlukan kerja sama dari berbagai pihak.Kata kunci: Garam beryodium, rumah tangga, demand, supplyAbstractNasionaly, the consumption of iodized salt is 62,3% and in Province of West Jawa is 58,3%. The coverage consumption of iodezed in household level in Bekasi city only about 62,14%. The monitoring iodezed salt in household level by district health departemen in 2004 showed that the enough iodezed salt is 51%.This research was conducted to determine the factor analysis of demand and supply of iodized salt consumption at household level in the District of West Bekasi. This iodesed salt udy used cross sectional design. The population that was studied was 110 mothers using chi square test. On the demand factor, the result shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. However, there is no relationship between the revenue and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. While in the supply factor, shows that there is no relationship between availability and price in the market and the con- sumption of iodized salt at household level. To improve the coverage of iodized salt consumption at household level, it is required cooperation from various partiesKey words: Iodized salt, household, demand, supply

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Peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan ibu tentang kandungan iodium dalam garam konsumsi rumah tangga pada daerah pesisir dan pegunungan

AcTion Aceh Nutrition Journal ◽

10.30867/action.v4i2.176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Ampera Miko

Keyword(s):

Iodine Content ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

District Health ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Nutritional Guidelines ◽

Aceh Province ◽

The Government ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption ◽

And Behavior

Aceh Province in 2013 had 45,7% use of iodized salt in households, and slightly increased in 2015 by 57,9%. The low use of iodized salt is a factor in the lack of knowledge and behavior that is not in accordance with nutritional guidelines. Increasing iodized salt consumption is possible through the role of housewives through providing basic training. The research aims to increased mothers' knowledge, attitudes and actions about iodine content in household consumption salt through training. The research design is quasi-experiment, was conducted in coastal areas and highlands areas in Lhoknga District, at 2018, and samples were housewives as many as 54 people. The training uses practical methods and discussion, and interviews to collect data. Statistical analysis using the Repeated Measerud Anova and T-Independent. Results, iodized salt training can improve knowledge, attitude and practice (p <0,01). Training examination of iodized salt has a better effectiveness (p <0,01) compared to a discussion. In conclusion, intervention through training and discussion on iodized salt in housewives can significantly improve knowledge, attitudes and actions. Suggestions, it is necessary to monitor and supervise by the government through the district health office related to claims on iodized salt packaging that include salt with iodine levels ≥ 30 ppmProvinsi Aceh tahun 2013 mempunyai cakupan penggunaan garam yodium dalam rumah tangga sebesar 45,7%, dan sedikit meningkat tahun 2015 sebesar 57,9%. Rendahnya penggunaan garam beryodium merupakan faktor rendahnya pengetahuan dan perilaku yang tidak sesuai menurut pedoman gizi. Pelatihan dapat meningkatkan peran ibu dalam perilaku konsumsi garam beryodium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan ibu tentang kandungan iodium dalam garam konsumsi rumah tangga melalui pelatihan. Desain penelitian yaitu quasi-eksperimen, dilakukan didaerah pesisir dan daerah pegunungan di Kecamatan Lhoknga, tahun 2018. Sampel yaitu ibu rumah tangga diambil secara random yaitu 54 orang. Pelatihan menggunakan metode praktik dan ceramah diskusi, serta wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data. Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Repeated Measerud Anova dan Independent T-test. Hasil, pelatihan garam beryodium dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan (p< 0,01), pada kelompok ceramah, pengetahuan hanya dapat ditingkatkan sampai dengan minggu kedua (p< 0,01) dan pada minggu ketiga tidak menunjukan perbedaan (p> 0,05), tindakan ibu-ibu belum bisa ditingkatkan pada minggu pertama (p> 0,05), dan signifikan peningkatannya minggu kedua dan ketiga (p< 0,01). Pelatihan pemeriksaan garam beryodium mempunyai efektifitas yang lebih baik (p< 0,01) dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan. Kesimpulan, pelatihan garam beryodium sangat baik dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan dibandingkan intervensi ceramah. Saran, perlu pemantauan dan pengawasan pemerintah melalui dinas kesehatan kabupaten terkait klaim pada kemasan garam beryodium yang mencantumkan garam dengan kadar yodium ≥ 30 ppm.

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