Tingkat konsumsi garam beryodium dan kaitannya dengan gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium ibu hamil

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is one of main nutrition problems which cannot be eliminated until now in Indonesia. Total goiter rate (TGR) of school children increased from 9.8% in 1998 to 11.1% in 2003. In Gunung Kidul District, TGR of school was 12.2% and of pregnant mothers was 18.4% in 1996. One of efforts to overcome IDD is salt iodization. Result of a national survey of household iodized salt consumption in 2002 showed that only 68.53% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt, while salt monitoring at Gunung Kidul District in 2003 showed that only 73.08% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt. The low rate of consumption level of iodized salt may be caused by availability of salt with low iodine level (not as high as mentioned in the label), higher price of iodized salt and lack of knowledge about types and benefits of iodized salt among mothers.Objective: To identify consumption level of iodized salt and IDD status of pregnant mothers at IDD endemic area at Gunung Kidul District.Method: The study was an observational type which used cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subject of the study were pregnant mothers at their second trimester pregnancy.Results: Availability of iodized salt according to: quality was 81.1% low and 18.9% sufficient; types of salt was 17.6% coorse, 77.8% bricket, and 4.6% fine salt; price was 69.0% high and 31.0% not high; taste was 36.8% bitter and 63.2% not bitter. Analysis result of Pearson Chi-Square with Odds Ratio showed that there was relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt in the household (p<0.05) with OR=20.50 for quality, and OR=43 for types. There was relationship between salt consumption level of urine iodine excretion with p<0.05 and OR=2.604. Median of urine iodine excretion level was 86.1µg/l which belonged to category of light IDD endemic area and there had been no change of endemic area status since 1996.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt. There was relationship between iodized salt consumption level and IDD. Iodized salt program was not yet effective and supply of iodine capsules should go on until it reached use of good iodized salt.

Download Full-text

A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY OF IODIZED SALT CONSUMPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN TRIBAL AREA OF NORTH INDIA.

10.36106/ijar/7602779 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Nidhi Chauhan ◽

Anmol Gupta ◽

Priyanka Priyanka ◽

Resham Singh ◽

Saurabh Rattan

Keyword(s):

Normal Growth ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

North India ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Salt Iodization ◽

Current Survey ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followed faulty storage practices and were not aware of right storage and cooking practices. More than half of respondents were unaware of importance of iodine / iodized salt and its role in normal growth and prevention of diseases.

Download Full-text

Analisis Demand dan Supply Konsumsi Garam Beryodium Tingkat Rumah Tangga

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v6i6.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Nadia Irina Darmawan ◽

Ede Surya Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Iodized Salt ◽

District Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Demand Factor ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Secara nasional, konsumsi garam beryodium cukup adalah 62,3% dan di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah 58,3%. Cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di Kota Bekasi hanya sekitar 62,14%. Pemantauan garam beryodium di tingkat rumah tangga oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bekasi tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwa garam yang mengandung yodium cukup adalah 51%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui analisis faktor demand dan supply terhadap konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Bekasi Barat Kota Bekasi dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi yang diteliti yaitu 110 orang ibu dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Pada faktor demand di- dapatkan hasil bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan konsumsi ga- ram beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Namun, tidak ada hubungan antara pendapatan dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Pada faktor supply didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara ketersediaan di pasar dan harga dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga diperlukan kerja sama dari berbagai pihak.Kata kunci: Garam beryodium, rumah tangga, demand, supplyAbstractNasionaly, the consumption of iodized salt is 62,3% and in Province of West Jawa is 58,3%. The coverage consumption of iodezed in household level in Bekasi city only about 62,14%. The monitoring iodezed salt in household level by district health departemen in 2004 showed that the enough iodezed salt is 51%.This research was conducted to determine the factor analysis of demand and supply of iodized salt consumption at household level in the District of West Bekasi. This iodesed salt udy used cross sectional design. The population that was studied was 110 mothers using chi square test. On the demand factor, the result shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. However, there is no relationship between the revenue and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. While in the supply factor, shows that there is no relationship between availability and price in the market and the con- sumption of iodized salt at household level. To improve the coverage of iodized salt consumption at household level, it is required cooperation from various partiesKey words: Iodized salt, household, demand, supply

Download Full-text

Behavior of the household mother availability and consumption of iodium salt and its impact on IDD

International Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.29332/ijhs.v4n3.448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

I Komang Agusjaya Mataram

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Normal Behavior ◽

Iodine Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of housewives, the level of availability, and the level of consumption of iodized salt with the incidence of IDD. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The sample is all mothers who have children in grades 3, 4, and 5 in the Buana Giri 7 public elementary school, totaling 80 people. Data were collected by interview, observation, and weighing methods. The quality of iodized salt was tested using the iodine test. Goiter grade was obtained by the palpation method. The data that has been collected were analyzed with Pearson correlation. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of iodized salt are still low so it needs to be improved. The level of availability of iodized salt on average still low (3.8 g/person/day) and the level of consumption of iodized salt (2.1 g/person/day). Goiter grade entire sample was normal. Behavior-related knowledge (r = 0.8) and practice (r = 0.8) of iodized salt, but the behavior is not related to the availability (r = 0.024) and iodized salt consumption (r = -0.09). Contributions behavior is very weak against the availability and consumption of iodized salt.

Download Full-text

Manajemen distribusi kapsul yodium pada ibu hamil di daerah endemik gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17674 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Hasrun Hasanu ◽

Hamam Hadi ◽

Toto Castro

Keyword(s):

Process Planning ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Management Process ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

Iodine Excretion ◽

Planning Implementation ◽

Excretion Level ◽

Pregnant Mothers ◽

Urine Iodine

Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a public health problem in Indonesia and this is closely related to intelligent and mental development disorder. Bad effect of IDD to pregnant mothers who suffer from serious IDD problem may happen during their second trimester pregnancy, however, such effect may be overcome by giving iodine substance supplement. Risks that may happen to pregnant mothers, especially to fetus and infants are miscarriage, stillbirth, born disabled, birth with low body weight, cretin, psychomotor disorder, and death in infancy. According to the result of IDD mapping, Total Goiter Rate at Gunung Kidul District is 12.6%. Short term effort to overcome IDD is distributing iodine capsule to the target, but there is problem in its implementation especially in the management process and resources.Objectives: To determine relationship between management factor and iodine capsule distribution coverage to pregnant mothers at IDD endemic area, Gunung Kidul District.Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subjects were all nutrition staff and pregnant mothers at community health centers of IDD endemic areas at Gunung Kidul District.Results: There was significant relationship between iodine capsule intake status and urine iodine level (χ2=23.0 p<0.001). This showed that iodine capsule intake status could increase urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers. Management process (planning, implementation, control) had significant relationship with urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers subsequently (χ2=5.4, p=0.02, OR=1.86, χ2=16.64, p<0.001, OR=2.98, χ2=8.74, p=0.004, OR=2.23). This meant that good management process could increase iodine capsule intake status. Resources (human resources, facilities, fund) had significant relationship with iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers subsequently (χ2=4.65, p=0.043, OR=1.83, χ2=6.04, p=0.019, OR=1.94, χ2=6.04, p=0.019, OR=1.94). This showed that sufficient resources could increase iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers. Iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers was low, i.e. 86 persons of average 35.5% out of 263 respondents and median of urine iodine excretion of pregnant mothers belonged to IDD endemic category, i.e. 86.58 g/dL.Conclusion: Management process and resources had not functioned well and there was significant relationship between management process (planning, implementation, control); and resources (staff, fund, facilities) with coverage of iodine capsule distribution to pregnant mothers. Iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers tended to increase urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers.

Download Full-text

Iodized salt consumption and iodine deficiency status in China: a cross-sectional study

Global Health Journal ◽

10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30076-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

Lijun Fan ◽

Xiaohui Su ◽

Hongmei Shen ◽

Peng Liu ◽

Fangang Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Download Full-text

Iodine level concentration, coverage of adequately iodized salt consumption and factors affecting proper iodized salt utilization among households in North Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-019-0291-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abraham Aregay Desta ◽

Usha Kulkarni ◽

Kidan Abraha ◽

Solomon Worku ◽

Berhe Woldearegay Sahle

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Iodine Level ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Download Full-text

Poor Iodine Knowledge, Coastal Region, and Non-Iodized Salt Consumption Linked to Low Urinary Iodine Excretion in Zhejiang Pregnant Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 413 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Wang ◽

Xiaoming Lou ◽

Zhe Mo ◽

Mingluan Xing ◽

Guangming Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Iodized Salt Consumption

Background: Iodine deficiency in pregnant women, defined as a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of less than 150 μg/L, is an important public health issue. To improve their iodine intake, it is important to understand the knowledge and practices regarding iodine. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 2642 pregnant women during 2016–2017 in Zhejiang province, China. A 3-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to record knowledge. The UIC and iodine content in household salt were determined. Results: Coastal participants were iodine deficient (median UIC 127.6 μg/L) while inland participants were iodine sufficient (median UIC 151.0 μg/L). The average knowledge scores were significantly lower for the coastal participants (24.2 points vs. 25 points for the inland participants; p < 0.001). The percentage for iodized salt consumption was significantly lower for the coastal participants (88.9% vs. 96.0% for those inland; p < 0.001). A generalized linear model analysis showed that non-iodized salt consumption, coastal region, and low knowledge scores were independently associated with a low UIC. Conclusions: Comprehensive interventional strategies are needed to develop to achieve an optimal iodine status. We recommend that coastal pregnant women should take iodine supplements based on the consumption of iodized salt, and improvement of iodine-related knowledge.

Download Full-text