scholarly journals Inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth of three fruit rot pathogens using some chemical fungicides and botanical extracts

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most. Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Mst Ferdowsi Mahal ◽  
Md Shahidul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis ◽  
Chemical Fungicides ◽  
Seed Extracts

Six chemical fungicides and extracts of 15 locally available plants were tested against three fruit rot pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici, Rhizopus artocurpi and Alternaria tenuis for the evaluation of inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth. Among the fungicides tested, all the concentrations of Ridomil showed 100% inhibition of spore germination and the least inhibition was recorded in case of treatment with Bavistin for F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici. In case of R. artocarpi and A. tenuis, Dithene–M 45 showed good inhibitory effects but Thiovit had no inhibitory effect against A. tenuis. Both leaf and seed extracts of Azadirachta indica showed good inhibitory effect than tested with other plant extracts. Moringa oleifera extract showed least inhibitory effect against all the fungi tested. Datura metel, Plygonum oriantale, Tagestes patula and Micania scandens also showed promising inhibition on spore germination and mycelial growth of all the pathogens tested. Key words: Fruit rot pathogens; plant extracts; chemical fungicides; spore germination; mycelial growth; PIGR DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0.7344 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 23-27, 2010

scholarly journals Effect of photosensitisers on growth and morphology of Phytophthora citrophthora coupled with leaf bioassays in pear seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Zambounis ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Dimitris Valasiadis ◽  
Zoe Hilioti
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phytophthora Citrophthora ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Zoospore Production

The phytopathogenic oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora cause devastating economic losses worldwide.<br />Naphthodianthrone compounds, present in plant extracts of buckwheat and Saint John’s wort act as photosensitiser<br />agents and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the potential<br />inhibitory effects of fagopyrin and hypericin on Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. &amp; E.H. Sm.) Leonian 1906, the<br />main causal agent of rot diseases in deciduous trees. Fagopyrin had the highest inhibitory effect in the colony growth<br />at a concentration of 2% of a stock solution (3 mg/mL), inducing clubbed hyphae with round tips. Notably, hypericin<br />also inhibited the radial colony growth and increased the hyphal branching at the subapical region, while also promoting<br />the formation of enlarged cells with irregular shapes growing collectively as biofilm-like structures. In terms of the<br />mycelial dry weight, although both photosensitisers had considerable inhibitory effects, the fagopyrin treatment was<br />most effective. Leaf bioassays showed that under dark conditions the photosensitiser pre-treated zoospores formed a<br />dense, but aberrant, mycelial growth with penetration defects. In contrast, when the zoospore production was performed<br />under light conditions, the zoospores failed to cause necrotic lesions and penetration events implying that their<br />virulence was impaired. These findings shed light on the biological effects of fagopyrin and hypericin in the regulation<br />of the mycelial growth, morphology and pathogenicity of P. citrophthora.

scholarly journals The inhibitory effect of some plant extracts in the laboratory growth characteristics of tomato seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Amir Murad AL Mandlawy ◽  
Raghda Safaa Al-ddin Al –Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Landscape Gardening

"An Laboratory experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening - Faculty of Agriculture - Diyala University for the spring season 2017 in order to study the inhibitory effects of some plant extracts on the laboratory growth characteristics of the Tomato seeds, using Petri dishes designed in Completely Randomized Design ( CRD) in three replicates to study the effect of three different concentrations (zero , 50% and 100%) of water extracts of onion, Blady grass, Nut grass and Johnson grass in the percentage of seed germination of Tomato seeds and the growth rate and some other growth characteristics of theTomato seeds. The experimental results can be summarized as follows, Plant extracts affected For each of the onion, Blady grass, Nut grass and Johnson grass and the concentrations used, and interferences between them, have a significant effect in all studied traits of Tomato seeds the treatment resulted in the plant extract of Nut grass and Johnson grass On the occurrence of high and clear inhibitions in all the studied traits of the tomato seeds, while the other plant extracts varied with the degree of inhibition.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Qian Xiu ◽  
Lianyu Bi ◽  
Haorong Xu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zehua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Excellent Control

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019±0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxinsome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxinsome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.

scholarly journals The effect of fungicides on spore germination, mycelial growth and lesion development of Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) (bull’s eye rot of apples)

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Wood ◽  
B.M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Bull's Eye

Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes bull’s eye rot on apples and pears. Phlyctema vagabunda fruit infections occur in orchards predominantly pre-harvest, and eventually express as a fruit rot after 4—5 months of cool storage. Twelve fungicides (captan, carbendazim, copper hydroxide, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, dithianon, dodine, isopyrazam, metiram, lime sulphur, sulphur and trifloxystrobin) were tested in vitro for their effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of P. vagabunda. Spore germination was inhibited by metiram, captan, dodine, dithianon, lime sulphur, carbendazim and isopyrazam, in order of effectiveness. Carbendazim, isopyrazam, difenoconazole and cyprodinil, in order of effectiveness, inhibited mycelial growth when used at label rates. Wettable sulphur was ineffective in both assays. On detached apple fruit, carbendazim, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin and isopyrazam (in order of effectiveness) inhibited lesion development.

Efficacy of certain plant extracts against seed-borne infection of Trichoconiella padwickii in paddy (Oryza sativa)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1956-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudheer A. Shetty ◽  
H. S. Prakash ◽  
H. Shekara Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Seed Extracts

Aqueous extracts of leaves, bark, stems, and seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L., bulbs of Allium sativum L., rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rasc., leaves of Ocimum basilicum L., and fruits of Azadirachta indica A. Juss were used to control Trichoconiella padwickii (Ganguly) Jain in seeds of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). The seeds were soaked in 10, 20, and 30% extracts (w/v) for 12, 24, and 48 h. All the extracts had significant inhibitory effects on the fungus. Stem, bark, and seed extracts (20% w/v) of S. nux-vomica were more effective than other plant extracts and 0.3% of Mancozeb in controlling the fungus. None of the plant extracts were phytotoxic at the tested concentrations.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Plant Extracts on Melanogenesis in B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cell Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 792-792
Author(s):  
Tingyu Wu ◽  
Chengdong Zheng ◽  
Yifan He ◽  
Miaomiao Guo ◽  
Xiuyu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Acai Berry ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Rose Petal ◽  
Murine Melanoma Cell Line

Abstract Objectives Polyphenol compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit melanin inhibitory activities in previous studies. We studied 4 extracts of polyphenol-rich plants—rose petal (Rosa centifolia), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), red orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and acai berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)—for their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis as potential skin whitening agents. Methods Four plant extracts were supplemented into the culture of B16F10 murine melanoma cell line respectively to study their influences on the cell viability using CCK-8 assay and optimal concentrations were determined for the following melanogenesis inhibitory experiments. Thereafter, melanin concentration in the co-cultured B16F10 cells was measured by the NaOH lysis method. Arbutin and kojic acid were used as positive controls. Results Plant extracts showed different effects on cell viability. To achieve cell viability higher than 80%, the concentration of rose and pomegranate extracts should be lower than 1.56 and 3.12 μg/mL, respectively; whereas acai and red orange extracts should be within 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. In the range of concentrations adopted in this study, 1.56 μg/mL rose petal extract, 25 μg/mL red orange fruit extract and 25 μg/mL acai berry polyphenol extract showed a melanogenesis inhibitory effect of 33.29%, 29.13%, and 24.09%, respectively, which were greater than that of 50 μg/mL arbutin (10.27%, P &lt; 0.05), but had no difference with 50 μg/mL kojic acid (29.96%). Pomegranate juice powder exhibited a similar inhibitory effect with arbutin, but weaker than kojic acid (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Four polyphenol-rich plant extracts were studied for their melanin inhibitory activity in B16F10 melanoma cells in the current study. Red orange fruit extract and acai berry polyphenol extract exhibited stronger inhibitory activity on melanogenesis but milder influence on cell viability compared to the extracts of rose petal and pomegranate, therefore they could be used as potential candidates for developing new skin whitening agents. Funding Sources As a joint project, this research was cofounded by Heilongjiang Feihe Co., Ltd. and Beijing Technology and Business University.

Compost bacteria provide antifungal activity against grey mold andAlternariarot on bell pepper fruit

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqing Luo ◽  
Hannah Purdy ◽  
Tyler J. Avis
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Grey Mold

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit are susceptible to various molds, including grey mold and Alternaria rot. In this work, antagonistic bacteria isolated from disease-suppressive composts were assessed for their ability to reduce the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea Persoon and Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler as well as to suppress grey mold and Alternaria rot on bell pepper. Results showed that different bacterial antagonists reduced mycelial growth of B. cinerea and A. alternata by up to 49% and 53%, respectively. The bacteria provided inhibition of grey mold, reducing incidence and severity by as much as 43% and 67%, respectively. The isolates also provided strong inhibitory effects against Alternaria rot, decreasing incidence and severity by as much as 77% and 80%, respectively. Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter spp. were particularly suppressive to Alternaria rot. Results of this study suggest antagonistic bacteria may represent a potential method for controlling fruit rot of bell pepper.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of medicinal plants, Adathoda vasica and Andrographis paniculata against Colletotrichum capsici, the chilli fruit rot pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1469
Author(s):  
K. Priya ◽  
◽  
G. Thiribhuvanamala ◽  
C. Sangeetha ◽  
A. Kamalakannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Aim: The objective was formulated to screen the extracts of medicinal plants for tapping the antimicrobial activity against Collectotrichum capsici. Further, the work was planned to characterize and identify the nature of antimicrobial compounds and their functional groups. Methodology: Extracts of eleven medicinal plants were tested against the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. capsici under in-vitro conditions. Based on these results, the potential plant extracts of A. vasica and A. paniculata found effective against C. capsici were assayed for the presence of antimicrobial metabolites through TLC, GC-MS and FTIR analysis. Results: Among the medicinal plants screened, the crude extracts from Adathoda vasica and Andrographis paniculata inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of C. capsici by 53.33% and 38.14%, respectively, under in-vitro conditions. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of A. vasica indicated antimicrobial compound, 1H-Pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-9-one,3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- and A. paniculata showed the presence of two compounds, docosahexaenoic acid and oleic acid. Similarly, FTIR analysis revealed esters, alcohols, and halide groups, which are known antimicrobials. Interpretation: The medicinal plants, A. paniculata and A. vasica possessed antimicrobial metabolites, which was responsible for inhibiting the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. capsici.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document