Diagnostic Test Validity of CT-Scan for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Md Akter Hossain ◽  
Md Saiful Haque ◽  
Mostaque Ahmed Bhuiya ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hepatocelluar Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: CT-scan can detect hepatocelluar carcinoma among the patients.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the pattern of hepatocelluar carcinoma among the patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2007 to May 2008 for a period of around one and half year. All the patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma at the age group of more than 20 years with both sexes were selected as study population. The patients were undergone CT-scan examination and the confirmation of tumor was performed by histopathological examination.Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited in this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT-scan in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma was seen to be 66%, 92% and 72% respectively. The PPV and NPV were 96.15% (95% CI 79.06% to 99.40%) and 45.83% (95% CI 34.53% to 57.58%) respectively. However, the Positive Likelihood Ratio and Negative Likelihood Ratio were 7.89 (95% CI 1.19 to 52.28) and 0.37(95% CI 0.23 to 0.60).Conclusion: In conclusion CT-scan is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 133-136

scholarly journals Pattern of Tumour among Hepatocelluar Carcinoma Patients attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Md Akter Hossain ◽  
Md Saiful Haque ◽  
Md Ashikur Rahman ◽  
Zinat Nasreen ◽  
Mostaque Ahmed Bhuiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Hepatocelluar Carcinoma ◽  
Solitary Lesion ◽  
Study Population

Background: The pattern of hepatocelluar carcinoma may vary in different patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the pattern of hepatocelluar carcinoma among the patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2007 to May 2008 for a period of around one and half year. All the patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma at the age group of more than 20 years with both sexes were selected as study population. The patients were undergone CT-scan examination and the confirmation was performed by histopathological examination. The details of the pattern of tumor among the hepatocellular carcinoma patients were examined and were recorded. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited in this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mean age with SD of study population was 48.78 ±12.07. Within 25 cases of HCC as diagnosed by CT scan 13(52%) had solitary lesion 7(28%) had multiple lesions and remaining 5(20%) had diffuse lesions. The tumour size of 8 cm or more was the highest which was 10 in numbers. However, 4 to 8 cm was found in 7(28.0%) cases and 3 to 4 cm was detected in 3(12.0%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion most of the HCC is solitary lesion with more than 8 cm in size. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):6-9

scholarly journals Circulating tumour DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using digital droplet PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199296
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
Jiayun Liu ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective To evaluate the performance of a DNA methylation-based digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect aberrant DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to determine its application in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The present study recruited patients with liver-related diseases and healthy control subjects. Blood samples were used for the extraction of cfDNA, which was then bisulfite converted and the extent of DNA methylation quantified using a ddPCR platform. Results A total of 97 patients with HCC, 80 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B/C virus infection were enrolled in the study. The level of cfDNA in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. For the detection of HCC, based on a cut-off value of 15.7% for the cfDNA methylation ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 89.38%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.27%, the positive predictive value was 81.91% and the negative predictive value was 87.20%. The positive likelihood ratio of 15.7% in HCC diagnosis was 7.40, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24. Conclusions A sensitive methylation-based assay might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.

Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of Clarke's Angle in Determining Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot Using Radiographic Findings as a Criterion Standard Measure: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Hegazy ◽  
Emad Aboelnasr ◽  
Amr A. Abdel-Aziem ◽  
In-Ju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Posttest Probability

Background: Clinical diagnosis of Paediatric flexible flatfoot is still a challenging issue for the healthcare professionals. Clarke's Angle (CA) is frequently used clinically for assessing foot posture; however there is still a debate about its validity and diagnostic accuracy in evaluation of static foot posture especially in Paediatric population with some previous studies supporting, while the others are refuting its validity. The current study aimed to investigate validity and diagnostic accuracy of CA using radiographic findings as a criterion standard measure to determine flexible flatfoot between ages of 6-18 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 612 participants (1224 feet) with flexible flatfoot aged 6-18 years (12.36 {plus minus}3.39) was recruited. The clinical measures results were compared to the criterion standard radiographic measures and displayed on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was computed. Intra-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for CA. Fagan nomogram was used to detect the posttest probability. Results: Clarke's angle (CA) demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICC=0.99). CA showed higher sensitivity (98.4%), specificity (98.8), positive predictive value (97.3), negative predictive value (99.3), positive likelihood ratio (84) and negative likelihood ratio (0.02). AUC was 0.98[95%CI= 0095-1.00]. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) yielded a posttest probability of 97%, while the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) yielded a posttest probability of 0.02. Conclusions: CA is a valid with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of flexible flatfoot between the ages of 6-18 years.

scholarly journals CT-Scan Findings of Orbital Mass Among Pediatric Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Meher Angez Rahman ◽  
Salauddin Al Azad ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
Sadrul Amin ◽  
Md ziaul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Orbital Tumor ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Imaging Department

Background: CT-Scan for the detection of orbital mass among pediatric patients is very important noninvasive radiological modality. The purpose of the study was to find out CT-Scan findings of orbital mass among pediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methodology: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Ophthalmology and Radiology and Imaging department of National Institute of Ophthalmology (NIO) from January 2012 to December 2013. All the patient below 18 years of age presented with suspected orbital mass at Ophthalmology and Radiology and Imaging department of NIO and performed CT- Scan of orbit for diagnosis of the disease and also done histopathology after operation was enrolled in this study.Results: In this study it was observed that a total of 29 cases identified as malignant evaluated by CT, among them 27 cases were true positive and 2 cases were false positive. Benign was found in 41 cases evaluated by CT scan, out of which 1 false negative and 40 cases were true negative. The sensitivity in diagnosis of orbital tumor by CT was 93.3%.Conclusion: The sensitivity in diagnosis of orbital tumor by CT was high and is a useful method in the differentiation between benign and malignant orbital mass.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 1: Jan 2017, P 17-23

scholarly journals A novel RET gene mutation in a neonate with total colonic aganglionosis and renal agenesis: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 437-441
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi Teja Goud M ◽  
◽  
Dr. K. Lalatendu Kumar ◽  
Dr. S. Nasreen Banu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Total Colonic Aganglionosis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To find the MUAC cut-off for detection of severe acute malnutrition in infants between 1to 6 months of age. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study at IPD and OPD of atertiary care hospital. 303 infants between one and six months of age above the length of 45cmswere included in the study. In infants between one and six months of age, the length, weight, andMUAC were measured. SAM infants were identified using the WHO definition. Sensitivity, specificity,and Youden index for a particular MUAC was calculated in SAM infants. Results: 11cms was found tohave a sensitivity of 85.1% and specificity of 65.9%. It had the maximum Youden index of 0.55 witha positive likelihood ratio of 2.79 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.21. Conclusions: MUAC of11cms can be used as a cut-off for SAM infants between 1 to 6 months of age. MUAC does not varywith gender. Weight and MUAC are significantly lower in SAM infants. But there is no difference whenit comes to length as in acute malnutrition, the weight and MUAC are affected but length is not.

scholarly journals HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Khalil ur Rehman ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Samiullah ◽  
Sidra Sharif ◽  
Saira Farhat
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Group B

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) also known as malignanthepatoma, accounts for most of the liver cancers. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) has been undoubtedlywidely used as a marker for the detection and monitoring of HCC. This study aimed to find thecorrelation of serum alpha fetoprotein and tumor size in HCC in the tertiary care hospital. StudyDesign: This cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Pathology Department of Allama IqbalMedical College, Lahore (AIMC). Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 45HCC patients (13 females and 32 males) came to Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Five ml of venousblood was drawn aseptically from anterior cubital vein of patients and added into plain vial toclot. The samples were centrifuged, to get the plasma separated from blood cells. Serum AFPwas measured by using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA). Results:There were 10 (22.2%), 19 (42.2%), 16 (35.6) cases in AFP group 1,2,3 respectively. While10 (22.2%), 13 (28.8%), 22 (48.8%) cases in tumor size groups A,B,C. Group C with largetumor size got 48.8% raised AFP levels as compared to group B (28.8%) and group A (10%).Conclusion: This study shows there is significant correlation between serum AFP and tumorsize in HCC (r=0.668). Serum AFP progressively increases with tumor size especially in largersize. Although AFP have suboptimal sensitivity but it is still proves a beneficial in early diagnosisand screening of HCC, when used in combination of USG/Imaging technique.

scholarly journals Validity of mannheim peritonitis index in predicting outcome of patients with perforative peritonitis in a tertiary care centre Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4140
Author(s):  
Alex Mathew ◽  
Joby John ◽  
Asha Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Perforation Peritonitis

Background: Perforation peritonitis is one of the most commonly encountered surgical emergencies in our country. The prognosis of secondary peritonitis remains poor despite development in diagnosis and management. Early identification of patients with severe peritonitis may help in selecting patients for aggressive surgical approach.Methods: The study was conducted in 128 cases of perforation peritonitis admitted and treated in the department of surgery in a tertiary care centre. Initial diagnosis was made on the basis of detailed history, clinical examination and presence of pneumoperitoneum on erect abdominal X-ray. Patients were first assessed using a predesigned Performa, then MPI score was calculated for each patient and the patients were followed-up till death or discharge from the hospital.Results: The ROC curve analysis shows area under the curve was 0.986 with a standard error of 0.008, 95% CI (0.971 to 1.001), p<0.0001. In our study authors found that for the MPI score of 26, sensitivity was 91.3% and specificity was 92.4%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 12.01 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.09. Age of the patient, presence of organ failure, associated malignancy, generalised type of peritonitis and the original MPI Score has got a significant association with the final outcome (i.e. p value <0.05).Conclusions: MPI is an excellent prognostic index for peritonitis with high accuracy in individual prognosis that is cheap, cost effective, easily measurable and reproducible. The study accentuates that early diagnosis, appropriate resuscitation and prompt surgical intervention still remain the keystones in the management of perforation peritonitis.

Spanish Validation of the GEPARD Questionnaire for the Detection of Psoriatic Arthritis in Argentinian Patients with Psoriasis

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
María Victoria Martire ◽  
María Paula Girard Bosch ◽  
Santiago Scarafia ◽  
Vanesa Cosentino ◽  
Maria Janina Tapia Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spanish Validation ◽  
Previous Diagnosis

Background/Objective: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is preceded by psoriasis in approximately 80% of cases. Dermatologists are pivotal for early detection. It is important to have simple tools that allow the detection of PsA in patients with skin psoriasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of an adapted version of the GEPARD Questionnaire in Spanish in Argentinian patients with psoriasis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A new Spanish (Argentinian) (GEPARDa) translated version of the original questionnaire (German) was developed and then tested as a diagnostic tool in patients with psoriasis, PsA, osteoarthritis associated to psoriasis, and osteoarthritis, all evaluated by rheumatologists who used the CASPAR criteria. Results: Eighty-three patients were included (55 [66.3%] women with a mean age of 50.7 years [SD 6.3]). Forty-four patients had PsA (29 [34.9%] patients had previous diagnosis of PsA, and 15 [18%] were newly diagnosed after referral by their dermatologists), and 39 patients were without PsA (18 [21.6%] patients had psoriasis without articular involvement, 6 [7.22%] had psoriasis associated with osteoarthritis, and 15 [18%] had osteoarthritis). An area under the curve of 0.9554 (SD 0.01; 95% CI 0.91–0.99) was calculated considering the CASPAR criteria as the gold standard. With a cutoff of ≥6 the questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 88.64%, a specificity of 89.74%, a positive likelihood ratio of 8.6, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.12. Conclusions: The GEPARDa version has proven to be a diagnostic tool with excellent performance so that it can be considered a valid tool for the detection of PsA in Argentinian patients.

The Diagnostic Performance of lncRNAs from Blood Specimens in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Jing-Yi Huang ◽  
Si-Yu Wang ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
Huo-Chun Yi ◽  
Jian-Jun Niu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Linear Regression Method

Abstract Objective Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely involved in the carcinogenesis and development of cancers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods After the inclusion and exclusion process, relevant information was extracted. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated, and data synthesis was conducted by employing a bivariate random-effects model. Results In total, 20 eligible studies were enrolled. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.90) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.92), respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio, pooled negative likelihood ratio, and pooled diagnostic odds ratio were 7.1 (95% CI, 4.9–10.2), 0.16 (95% CI, 0.11–0.23), and 44 (95% CI, 25–79), respectively. The results of the linear regression method and visual inspection of the Deeks funnel plot did not indicate significant publication bias. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that lncRNAs have high diagnostic performance for HCC and have the potential for clinical application.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Laser Doppler Imaging for the Assessment of Burn Depth: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Wang ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Chang Cao ◽  
Yange Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Laser Doppler Imaging ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Burn Depth

Abstract An overall assessment of the diagnostic value of laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to assess burn depth in patients is presented based on relevant studies. Both eligible research and relevant articles were identified through specific index searches of Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. The latest study included was published in March 2019 and all eligible publications reported on cohort or cross-sectional research. All articles were tested for heterogeneity by using a suitable effect model to calculate amalgamative values of sensitivity, specificity, and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Analyses of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) are given for burn depth values. After rigorous screening, 14 studies with a total cohort of 1,818 patients were chosen for the meta-analysis to explore the validity of LDI diagnosis to assess the depth of burns. The burn depth overall sensitivity for LDI was 91% (95% CI: 86–95%) and global specificity was 96% (95% CI: 92–98%). The overall positive likelihood ratio of LDI was 20.35 (95% CI: 10.71–38.69) and the overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.15). The overall DOR was 152.93 (95% CI: 69.44–336.81) of LDI. The acreage under the SROC was not low for LDI (AUC = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). In conclusion, the present analysis reviewed the literature and meta-analysis of studies to validate LDI for the diagnosis of burn depth. The results indicated that LDI has a high accuracy for this diagnostic function.

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