scholarly journals Giganto-acromegaly with Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Mirza Azizul Hoque ◽  
Md Bakhtiar Azam ◽  
Md Golam Kibria Khan ◽  
Md Azharul Hoque ◽  
Quazi Deen Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Resulting Condition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

Gigantism came from Greek word ‘Giant'. Pathologically, this condition results from the actions of excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion from the pituitary gland during childhood and adolescent before the closure of epiphyseal growth plates. When the height of an individual is several standard deviations above the mean value for the same age, sex, and ethnicity, the condition is known as gigantism. Pituitary gigantism is extremely rare. If hypersecretion of growth hormone occurs after closure of epiphyseal growth plates the resulting condition is acromegaly. Most patients with gigantism also have features of acromegaly.   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1999 J Medicine 2009; 10: 22-24

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

scholarly journals Photoelectric Photometry of Five PNNi

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
R. Silvotti ◽  
C. Bartolini ◽  
F.R. Boffi ◽  
G. Cosentino ◽  
A. Guarnieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Comparison Star ◽  
Moving Averages ◽  
Photoelectric Photometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Acta Astron

In September 1991 we started a photoelectric monitoring of O VI PNNi that are candidate to be non radial pulsators. The observations were obtained using the two head photometer described by Piccioni et al. (1979, Acta Astron. 29,463), mounted on the 1.5 m telescope of the Bologna Observatory. We generally used the B and sometimes the U filter; only BA 1 was always observed without filters because of its faintness. The reductions have been pursued by means of a program that yields the moving averages of the counts of the variable and comparison star. For the search of periodicities the methods of Deeming (Kurtz 1985, MNRAS 213,773) and Scargle (1982, Ap J 263,835) were principally used. The list of observations is reported in the following Table, where σ is the mean value of the standard deviations obtained by computing the moving averages.

Nocturnal ghrelin pulsatility and response to growth hormone secretagogues in healthy men

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. E506-E512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Koutkia ◽  
Bridget Canavan ◽  
Jeff Breu ◽  
Michael L. Johnson ◽  
Steven K. Grinspoon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogues ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Maximal Peak ◽  
The Mean

The physiological importance of endogenous ghrelin in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion is still unknown. To investigate the regulation of ghrelin secretion and pulsatility, we performed overnight ghrelin and GH sampling every 20 min for 12 h in eight healthy male subjects [age 37 ± 5 (SD) years old, body mass index 27.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2]. Simultaneous GH and ghrelin levels were assessed to determine the relatedness and synchronicity between these two hormones in the fasted state during the overnight period of maximal endogenous GH secretion. Pulsatility analyses were performed to determine simultaneous hormonal dynamics and investigate the relationship between GH and ghrelin by use of cross-approximate entropy (X-ApEn) analyses. Subjects demonstrated 3.0 ± 2.1 ghrelin pulses/12 h and 3.3 ± 0.9 GH pulses/12 h. The mean normalized ghrelin entropy (ApEn) was 0.93 ± 0.09, indicating regularity in ghrelin hormone secretion. The mean normalized X-ApEn was significant between ghrelin and GH (0.89 ± 0.12), demonstrating regularity in cosecretion. In addition, we investigated the ghrelin response to standard GH secretagogues [GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) alone and combined GHRH-arginine] in separate testing sequences separated by 1 wk. Our data demonstrate that, in contrast to GHRH alone, which had little effect on ghrelin, combined GHRH and arginine significantly stimulated ghrelin with a maximal peak at 120 min, representing a change of 66 ± 14 pg/ml ( P = 0.001 by repeated-measures ANOVA and P = 0.02 for GHRH vs. combined GHRH-arginine by MANOVA). We demonstrate relatedness between ghrelin and GH pulsatility, suggesting either that ghrelin participates in the pulsatile regulation of GH or that the two hormones are simultaneously coregulated, e.g., by somatostatin or other stimuli. Furthermore, the differential effects of GHRH alone vs. GHRH-arginine suggest that inhibition of somatostatin tone may increase ghrelin. These data provide further evidence of the physiological regulation of ghrelin in relationship to GH.

Adaptation of an Alkaline Phosphatase Method for Automatic Colorimetric Analysis

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walton H Marsh ◽  
Benjamin Fingerhut ◽  
Elaine Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

Abstract The alkaline phosphatase method of Kind and King was adapted to an automated recording colorimeter. The precision of the automated method (1 standard deviation as per cent of the mean value) was ±1.7 and for the manual method ±3.6 per cent. The color produced was proportional to the enzyme concentration by both methods, and recoveries of added phenol were satisfactory. In more than 150 serum specimens surveyed for enzyme activity, over 95 per cent of the results (2 standard deviations) of the 2 methods in the range 3.4-129 agree to within ±2.8 King-Armstrong units/1OO ml.

Do Short Children Secrete Insufficient Growth Hormone?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Zvi Zadik ◽  
Stuart A. Chalew ◽  
Salvatore Raiti ◽  
A. Avinoam Kowarski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Short Children ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Normal Stature ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
The Mean

The 24-hour integrated concentration of growth hormone from 46 children of normal stature was compared with that of 90 short children. Nineteen of the short children had classic growth hormone deficiency by standard pharmacologic growth hormone stimulation tests. Seventy-one children had normal growth hormone responses to stimulation. The mean integrated concentration of growth hormone for children with normal stature (6.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL) was greater than the mean value for those with normal stimulated growth hormone (3.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL) and greater than the mean value for those with growth hormone deficiency (1.6 ± 0.6 ng/mL); differences between groups were all statistically significant (P < .0001). Forty-five percent of children with normal stimulated growth hormone responses had integrated concentration of growth hormone within the range of values for the group with growth hormone deficiency; this finding may provide the explanation for their poor growth. Thus, patients with normal growth hormone responses have a spectrum of spontaneous growth hormone secretion ranging from normal to impaired. Recent reports indicate that children with normal growth hormone responses who have very low integrated concentration of growth hormone may have the potential to improve their growth with growth hormone therapy. Therefore, use of the integrated concentration of growth hormone may be a more effective method than standard pharmacologic stimulation tests for determining which short children are potentially able to respond to growth hormone therapy.

Plasma growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C response to continuous growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) infusion in patients with GH deficiency

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Hizuka ◽  
Kazue Takano ◽  
Kazuo Shizume ◽  
Izumi Tanaka ◽  
Noriko Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Pulse Area ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Gh

Abstract. Pituitary growth hormone (GH) responses during a 10-h iv infusion of saline or human GH-releasing factor (hGRF-44) at 500 ng/kg/h, followed by an iv bolus injection of hGRF-44 at 2 μg/kg body weight, were studied in 10 patients with GH deficiency. During saline infusion in 4 patients, small plasma GH increase were observed in 2 patients. However, during hGRF infusion in 6 patients, up to 4 or 13 pulses of GH secretion were observed. The mean integrated GH pulse area during hGRF infusion was 22.5 ± 5.2 (se) ng/ml × h, which was greater than that obtained during saline infusion. Plasma somatomedin C levels did not increase after hGRF infusion. After saline or hGRF infusion all patients responded to an iv bolus injection of the peptide. These results indicate that hGRF infusion augments GH secretion by increasing the number and amplitude of GH pulses and that the infusion does not cause pituitary somatotrophs to lose their capacity to respond to hGRF subsequently.

Interassay Differences in Growth Hormone Measurement in Acromegaly

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Barth ◽  
J H Smith ◽  
P Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Isoforms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

We measured plasma growth hormone concentrations by three different two-site immunometric assays (Pharmacia hGH RIA, IDS Gamma-BCT and Delfia 22 kDa hGH) to determine whether there are GH isoforms secreted by acromegalic patients that are under-recognized by some assays. There was a fairly good agreement between assays with the IDS Gamma-BCT and Delfia 22 kDa assays giving lower results than the Pharmacia IRMA. GH was measured on stored plasma samples from 24 patients with proven acromegaly. There was a consistent difference between the three assays of approximately 20% of the mean value for each patient.

scholarly journals Wide Diversity in Measurements of Growth Hormone after Stimulation Tests in Short Children are Due to Assay Variability

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Barth ◽  
J H Smith ◽  
P Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Short Children ◽  
Pharmacological Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
The Mean

A comparison of three commercially available assays for growth hormone (Pharmacia hGH RIA, IDS Gamma-BCT GH and Delfia 22 kDa hGH) were used to measure growth hormone (GH) secretion in 26 short children after pharmacological stimulation. The IDS Gamma-BCT assay was compared with Pharmacia assay in 15 provocative tests (13 children; n = 94). The Pharmacia assay showed a strong positive proportional bias and this was particularly marked at GH > 20 mU/L; the mean difference between the assays at GH < 10 mU/L was 12%. The IDS Gamma-BCT assay was also compared with the Delfia 22 kDa assay in 18 provocative tests (13 children; n = 100). Results from the IDS assay was higher throughout the range 0−90mU/L with a mean difference of 11·4% in the range 10−90 mU/L; the mean difference between the assays at GH< 10 mU/L was −39%.

scholarly journals Choice of positive distribution law for nuclear data

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lahaye
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Distribution Laws ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Truncated Gaussian

Nuclear data evaluation files in the ENDF6 format provide mean values and associated uncertainties for physical quantities relevant in nuclear physics. Uncertainties are denoted as Δ in the format description, and are commonly understood as standard deviations. Uncertainties can be completed by covariance matrices. The evaluations do not provide any indication on the probability density function to be used when sampling. Three constraints must be observed: the mean value, the standard deviation and the positivity of the physical quantity. MENDEL code generally uses positively truncated Gaussian distribution laws for small relative standard deviations and a lognormal law for larger uncertainty levels (>50%). Indeed, the use of truncated Gaussian laws can modify the mean and standard deviation value. In this paper, we will make explicit the error in the mean value and the standard deviation when using different types of distribution laws. We also employ the principle of maximum entropy as a criterion to choose among the truncated Gaussian, the fitted Gaussian and the lognormal distribution. Remarkably, the difference in terms of entropy between the candidate distribution laws is a function of the relative standard deviation only. The obtained results provide therefore general guidance for the choice among these distributions.

OBSERVATIONS ON A HAEMAGGLUTINATION—INHIBITION TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'CONNOR ◽  
L. G. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inhibition Technique

SUMMARY The haemagglutination—inhibition technique has been examined as a method of estimating human growth hormone (HGH) and the need for rigid standardization of the procedures involved is stressed. Examination of antisera to a Raben type preparation by immunodiffusion and haemagglutination—inhibition procedures showed the presence of antibodies to albumin and γ-globulin as well as to HGH. The presence of these contaminating antibodies did not appear to interfere with the endpoints obtained in the haemagglutination—inhibition reactions. Within its limitations the technique has been found suitable for the assay of solutions of purified HGH. The mean level of HGH in six normal adult human sera was estimated as 261 ± 23·6 μg./l. (± s.e.) which is similar to the values obtained by other workers, but the validity of this mean value is questioned.

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