scholarly journals Risk Factors Determining the Outcome of 2-12 Months Age Group Infants Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMF Uddin ◽  
N Jahan ◽  
MA Manan ◽  
SA Ferdousi ◽  
T Farhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Organization

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under fives throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. A case control study was carried out in Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital, University of Science and Technology during the period of January to July 2006. 192 hospitalized infants of 2–12 months age group with World Health Organization(WHO) defined severe pneumonia with radiological confirmation were enrolled in the study, while controls were normal infant of same age group attending EPI center for vaccination. The children were managed using a standard protocol, factors were examined by univariate logistic regression analyasis. The factors whose odds ratio were significantly below 25% and considered as medically important were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 192 children, 136(70.8%) were male, 56(29.2%) were female, 2-6 months old infants were 120(62.5%), >6 -12 months infants were 72(37.5%), malnutrition were present in 155( 80.72%), 145(75.5%) lived in slum area, 66(33.7%) were treated by quack, 63% were completely immunized and 3(10.5%) died. On multivariate analysis the following risk factors were found significant i.e. malnutrition, indoor smoke resulting from burning wood and manure used as fuel, non immunization, poor economy , poor housing. Significant risk factors for mortality in severe pneumonia are associated with 3rd degree malnutrition and congenital abnormality of heart with Downs syndrome. Malnutrition, indoor smoke, non-immunization, poor economy, poor housing, and smoking in bed room are important risk factors associated significantly with severe pneumonia and fatal outcome was associated with 3rd degree malnutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i1.15901 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(1): 9-13

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia in Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Ujjain, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4637
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Kasundriya ◽  
Mamta Dhaneria ◽  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Ashish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Childhood pneumonia is a major public health problem. The aim of this prospective hospital-based study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for community-acquired severe pneumonia in children in Ujjain, India. The study includes 270 children, 161 (60%) boys and 109 (40%) girls, aged between 2 months and 5 years with World Health Organization defined and radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia. Considering the 270 children, 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.9–69.4) have severe pneumonia. The following are identified as risk factors for severe pneumonia from the generalized logistic regression model: Born premature (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.50; 95% CI 2.22–25.31; p = 0.001); history of measles (AOR 6.35; 95% CI 1.73–23.30; p = 0.005); incomplete vaccination (AOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.09–6.48; p = 0.031); acyanotic congenital heart disease (AOR 9.21; 95% CI 2.29–36.99; p = 0.002); home treatment tried (AOR 3.84; 95% CI 1.42–10.39; p = 0.008); living in a kuchha house (AOR 3.89; 95% CI 1.51–10.01; p = 0.027); overcrowding (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.75–11.51; p = 0.002);poor ventilation in living area (AOR 16.37; 95% CI 4.67–57.38; p < 0.001); and practicing open defecation (AOR 16.92; 95% CI 4.95–57.85; p < 0.001). Awareness of these risk factors can reduce mortality due to severe pneumonia.

Toxicity, risk factors and management of cisplatin-induced toxicity: A prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1621-1629
Author(s):  
Wiem Ben Ayed ◽  
Azza Ben Said ◽  
Adel Hamdi ◽  
Amina Mokrani ◽  
Yosri Masmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Digestive Toxicity

Background and propose Cisplatin is a cytotoxic drug that triggers several toxicities. However, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity remain major clinical limitations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of chemotherapy toxicity induced by cisplatin and to analyze the influence of risk factors in the Tunisian population. Methods We performed a prospective descriptive study in a period of four months. Patients were eligible if they had pathologically confirmed malignancies and treated with cisplatin-regimen chemotherapy. Nephrotoxicity and digestive toxicity were graded according to the World Health Organization toxicity scale and ototoxicity was scored clinically according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of clinical variables on cisplatin-induced toxicity. Results A total of 150 patients were included. Forty-four percent of patients developed cisplatin-regimen toxicity: 15% developed cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, 9% cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and 27% digestive toxicity. In the multivariate analysis, age >65 years (OR= 6.129, p = 0.010), metastatic cancer (OR = 0.171, p = 0.007) and cumulative dose (OR= 1.004 mg/m2; p = 0.042) were strong predisposing factors for CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. The cumulative dose was an independent prognostic indicator for digestive toxicity (OR = 0.997, p = 0.002). Conclusion In our study, age >65 years and metastatic cancer were risk factors for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicities. We also found the correlation between cumulative dose and nephrotoxicity or digestive toxicity.

Risk Factors for Development of Biliary Complications after Surgery for Solitary Liver Hydatid Cyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Surmelioglu ◽  
Ilter Ozer ◽  
Enver Reyhan ◽  
Tahsin Dalgic ◽  
Yilmaz Ozdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biliary Leakage ◽  
Liver Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Solitary Liver ◽  
Health Organization

Biliary leakage (BL) is the most common cause of postoperative morbidity after conservative liver hydatid cyst surgery. The objective of this study was to determine incidence of BL and related risk factors in patients with solitary liver hydatid cyst who underwent conservative surgery. A total of 186 patients were included in this study. Age, gender, cyst recurrence, diameter, and localization, World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) classification, cavity management techniques, cyst content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Of these patients 104 were female and 82 were male. The mean age was 43.5 ± 14.7 years. Postoperative BL was detected in 36 (19.4%) patients. Cyst diameter (P = 0.019), cyst localization (P = 0.007), WHO-IWGE classification (P = 0.017), and ALP level (P = 0.001) were the most significant risk factors for BL. Independent risk factors for BL were perihilar localization, large cyst diameter, high ALP level, and advanced age according to WHO-IWGE classification.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Mortality among COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Karachi City Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Salman Imtiaz ◽  
Ashar Alam ◽  
Faiza Saeed ◽  
Beena Salman ◽  
Shoukat Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Continuous Variables

Background: Corona virus disease (Covid -19) is the most contagious form of the disease of present time. Therefore, the risk factors which proliferate the spread and hinders the better outcome should be identified. There is gross difference in the spread and outcome of covid 19 in different region of the world. There is need to identify these factors in different communities of the globe. Material and method: This is a retrospective observational cohort study of Covid -19 patients admitted during the study period. Institutional and ethical review board permission was taken prior to the study. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was run and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were obtained. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Outcome variables were recovery and death. Results: There were 840 patients admitted between the study duration, while 704 (83.8%) were included in our study. There were 491(69.7%) males and 213(30.3%) females. The mean age of the population was 54.6±15.5 years. All continuous variables were categorized according to binary outcome (recovered and death) of patients. In Logistic regression analysis we found that patients in age group of 51-65 years died 2.5 time more than patients of age ≤ 50 years. Similarly, the patients within age group of > 65 died 4.5 times higher than ≤ 50 years of age (p<0.001). Male patients died 1.5 times more than females. Among all comorbid conditions HTN had significant effect on death, they died 1.5 times more than normotensive patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the age groups had same significant effect on death when adjusted with other parameters, while effect of gender vanished. Similarly, the effect of HTN was also abolished when other factors were included in analysis. Conclusion: We concluded that there is an urgent need of reevaluation of the traditional risk factors associated with viral epidemic and understanding the changing paradigm of epidemiology emerging out from this epidemic in both developed and developing counties. There is need of more data from developing world to elucidate the risk factors.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cardiovascular Complications Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Karla Valéria Batista Lima ◽  
Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno ◽  
Yan Correa Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Conceição Dias Garcez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Cardiovascular Diseases represent the main cause of death in the world, and are associated with risk factors that cause serious complications in cases of infections, such as those of the respiratory tract. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic for SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus causing severe pneumonia, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The objective is to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a systematic review, quantitative, in the databases, PubMed and Science direct, including primary studies with hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID-19 and who presented cardiovascular complications, the form used tools for evaluation of quality and evidence, following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: 12 studies were included. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications was: 27.35% of the sample of 3,316 patients. Types: Acute cardiac injury 17.09%; Thromboembolism 4.73%; Heart failure 3.43%; Arrhythmias 1.77%; stroke 0.33%. Mean age 61 years. Conclusions: This study showed that there are several cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, that the main one is acute cardiac injury, which causes several instabilities in the cardiopulmonary system, and that it is associated with mortality.

scholarly journals The utility of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence: A perspective analysis of 601 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinting Yang ◽  
jing zhang ◽  
Qingtao Liang ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Hongfei Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy

Abstract BACKGROUND Recently, Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is still controversial in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), through recommended by World Health Organization (WHO )for identification of latent tuberculosis infection. OBJECTIVES Aim to qualify the diagnostic efficacy for TPE by IGRA in comparison to Adenosine deaminase(ADA), to clarify its appropriate scene in clinical diagnosis. METHODS A prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively from June 2015 to October 2018. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, all enrolled participants were determined technical cut-off and the utility of IGRA(T-SPOT)for pleural fluid(PF). Obtain the independent risk factors by logistic regression analysis for TPE, and evaluate the performance of T-SPOT stratified by risk factors, in comparison to ADA. RESULTS A total of 601 individuals were consecutively recruited. The maximum of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in PF T-SPOT had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1%, corresponding cut-off value is 466, which was equal to ADA(0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior than in PB; Among the TPE patients with low ADA(<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT was still 87.9%, 90.5% respectively. The utility of ADA was negative related to age ascents, but PF T-SPOT had steady performance at any age-stage. The age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) 5.61), gender (male; OR 2.7) and body mass index (BMI)(<22; OR 1.93) was independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified by risk factors, notably the PF T-SPOT had superior sensitivity(76.5% vs. 23.5%,P=0.016) than ADA meanwhile had the non-inferior specificity(84.4% vs. 96.9%, P=0.370). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the overall potency of PF T-SPOT assay is equal to ADA for diagnosing TPE. In addition, PF T-SPOT can effectively discriminate the TPE patients whose ADA lower than 40IU/L, and extremely superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients(age>45yrs, female or BMI<22). PF T-SPOT assay is an extremely good choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.

scholarly journals Determining of Risk Factors of Low-Birthweight Babies in Padang, West Sumatra Using Logistic Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Hazmira Yozza ◽  
Ferra Yanuar ◽  
Izzati Rahmi ◽  
Nadya Putri Alisya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Health Organization

Infant mortality is one of the indicators used to measure the quality of life of a nation. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that one of the main causes of infant mortality is the low birth weight (LBW). Efforts to reduce the incidence of LBW can be done by monitoring risk factors that influence the occurrence of LBW in the prenatal phase. This study aims to identify factors that significantly influence the incidence of LBW babies in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by using Logistic Regression Analysis on the data of maternal births domiciled in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. It was concluded that variables that significantly affect the incidence of LBW are maternal weight, parity, distance from a previous birth, problems during pregnancy, and babies’ gender.

scholarly journals Clinical and aetiological profile of Pneumonia in age group between 1 month to 1 year: a hospital based prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Vamsee Krishna Polepalli ◽  
Naveen Kumar Banda ◽  
Y. Venu Gopal Sarma ◽  
K. V. Siva Rama Krishna ◽  
M. Hima Bindu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Findings

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age across the world. The present study was designed to clinically evaluate the children of age 1 month to 1 year with pneumonia, correlate it with bacteriological, radiological findings and to study the risk factors.Methods: Clinical, bacteriological, radiological features and risk factors of community acquired pneumonia in children of age group 1 month to 1 year were noted and analysed.Results: As per WHO ARI control programme, 72% had pneumonia, 25.3 % had severe pneumonia and 2.6% had very severe pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia was detected radiologically in 4.6% and viral pneumonia in 88.6% of cases. Chest X-ray was normal in 6.6% of cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions, crepitations alone and crepitations with rhonchi correlated well with positive radiological findings. Inappropriate immunization for age, lack of breast feeding, preterm birth, smoking in family were significant risk factors for severe Pneumonia. 39.3% had leucocytosis and 24% had positive CRP. Culture was positive in 23 cases (15.3% culture positivity).Conclusions: Radiologically confirmed Pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics because, in clinical practice, it is virtually impossible to distinguish exclusively between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia. As the viruses are most common causative agents of Pneumonia in 1 month to 1 year, PCR kits should be used to identify viral etiological agents. Early and exclusive breast feeding should be promoted to decrease the risk of pneumonia.

scholarly journals The utility of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence: A perspective analysis of 601 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinting Yang ◽  
jing zhang ◽  
Qingtao Liang ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Hongfei Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency

Abstract BACKGROUND: Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is still controversial in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), through recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for identification of latent tuberculosis infection. OBJECTIVES: Aim to in comparison to Adenosine deaminase (ADA), evaluate the IGRA (T-SPOT.TB) diagnostic efficacy for TPE patients of different characteristics, to clarify its appropriate scene in clinical diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively from June 2015 to October 2018. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, all enrolled participants were determined technical cut-off and the utility of IGRA for pleural fluid (PF). Obtain the independent risk factors by logistic regression analysis for TPE, and evaluate the performance of T-SPOT stratified by risk factors, in comparison to ADA. RESULTS: A total of 601 individuals were consecutively recruited. The maximum of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in PF T-SPOT had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1%, corresponding cut-off value is 466 SFCs/10 6 mononuclear cells, which was equal to ADA (0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior than in PB; Among the TPE patients with low ADA(<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT was still 87.9%, 90.5% respectively. The utility of ADA was negative related to age ascents, but PF T-SPOT had steady performance at any age-stage. The age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) = 5.61), gender (male; OR = 2.7) and body mass index (BMI) (<22; OR = 1.93) was independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified by risk factors, notably the PF T-SPOT had superior sensitivity (76.5% vs. 23.5%, P =0.016) than ADA meanwhile had the non-inferior specificity (84.4% vs. 96.9%, P =0.370). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the overall potency of PF T-SPOT assay is equal to ADA for diagnosing TPE. In addition, PF T-SPOT can effectively discriminate the TPE patients whose ADA lower than 40 IU/L, extremely superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients (age>45yrs, female or BMI≧22). PF T-SPOT assay is an extremely good choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.

scholarly journals Age, gender and BCG vaccination status as risk factors for Leprosy in endemic areas of northern Brazil.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima ◽  
Jasna Letícia Pinto Paz ◽  
Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Corrêa Amador Silvestre ◽  
Letícia Siqueira Moura ◽  
Ismari Perini Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background In 2018, 208.619 new cases of the leprosy were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Of these, 30.957 occurred in the Americas region and 28.660 (92.6% of the total in the Americas) were reported in Brazil. This study aimed to show the reality of the profile of a population in an endemic leprosy area in northern Brazil in relation to age, gender and BCG (bacilo Calmette-Guérin) vaccination status, through the collection of data in the field with evaluation of the study individuals, recruited by spontaneous demand.Methods 405 individuals participated in the study, being 100 multibacillary, 57 paucibacillary and 248 healthy contacts.Results A relationship was observed between the occurrence of the disease, as well as the multibacillary form with the largest age group. The male gender was associated with leprosy per se, with the multibacillary form and was the largest representative of the group that was not vaccinated once.Conclusion BCG vaccination was effective both in protecting against leprosy per se and in the multibacillary form. These results are limited by sample size, may not be conclusive and will need further confirmation in a larger cohort.

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