scholarly journals Factor Influencing the Resurgence of Brown Planthopper in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
ABMA Uddin ◽  
KS Islam ◽  
M Jahan ◽  
A Ara ◽  
MAI Khan
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Research Institute

Possible causes of brown plant hopper resurgence were determined at the net-house of Entomology Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2015. Causes of resurgence in the form of resurgence ratios were higher with acetamiprid, acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, lambda cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam insecticides compared to imidacloprid, cartap, dinotefuran, isoprocarb /MIPC, phenthoate, pymetrozine when even applied at recommended dose. However, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, isoprocarb / MIPC and cartap applied at sub-lethal dose produced higher resurgence ratio of BPH than others. Isoprocarb / MIPC, a commonly used recommended insecticide was found to have a higher resurgence ratio with the insecticide treatment at the egg stage (1.71) and combination of all stages (0.82). These insecticides influenced on the growth and reproductive physiology of rice brown planthopper and consequently resurgence ratio ranged increased. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 117-128 (2020)

APPEARANCE OF OESTRONE SULPHATE IN THE ALLANTOIC FLUID OF THE COW

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
G. J. KING ◽  
J. A. CARNEGIE
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Poultry Science ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Pregnant Ewe ◽  
Animal Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

Reproductive Physiology Program, Animal Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 and * Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1 (Received 15 May 1978) The ability of the conceptus to synthesize oestrogens during the early stages of pregnancy has recently been receiving increasing attention. Among the domesticated species, the day 12 blastocyst of the pig has been shown to be capable of synthesizing oestrogens (Perry, Heap & Amoroso, 1973; Gadsby, Burton, Heap & Perry, 1976) and oestrone sulphate, synthesized as a product of conception, has been shown to be present in the peripheral plasma of the pregnant pig as early as day 17 (Robertson & King, 1974; Robertson, King & Dyck, 1978). In the pregnant ewe, oestrone sulphate has been shown to be the predominant oestrogen in allantoic fluid and to be present in measurable concentrations as early as day 30 (Carnegie & Robertson,

Biochemical bases of resistance to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) (Stål) in different rice accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Deepa ◽  
M. Ariavanamkatha Pillai ◽  
N. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Host plant resistance has been a valuable tool in the management of planthoppers. The experiment was carried out to assess the level of total phenols, Ortho-dihydroxy phenols, Phenols, crude silica and total sugars in BPH (Brown Plant Hopper) affected rice leaves. Resistant varieties showed high amount of phenols, O.D. Phenols and crude silica as against low quantity of total sugars. These, biochemical basis of resistant method is also identifying the resistant variety against brown planthopper (<italic>Nilaparvata lugens</italic>) in rice.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Performance of Okra in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
A. J. Okunoye
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
And Performance

Okra, an economically important vegetable crop with numerous benefits to human, is often attacked by large number of insect species. These insect species cause direct damage to okra plants and also serve as vectors of diseases resulting in economic loss. Control of these insect pests given reducing hunger and poverty, and fostering agricultural ecosystems becomes imperative.  This study aimed at the use of indigenous medicinal plant and a sub-lethal dose of synthetic insecticide to check the invasion of pests and performance of okra. The field laid in a randomized complete block design of four treatments replicated three times. The treatments included; Curcuma longa 5%, Curcuma longa 20%, lambda-cyhalothrin, and a control. Data were collected on insect pest species recovered after treatment application and yield of okra. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and differences between the treatment means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test. C. longa (20%) compared effectively with the sub-lethal dose of lambdacyhalothin (0.5 ml/l) in their attack against the targeted pests. Although higher number and weight of pods were harvested from synthetically treated plots, the C. longa treated plots produced significantly higher number and weight of harvested pods when compared with untreated plots. Water extract of the rhizomes also conferred some protection against okra pests; we recommend that farmers in Ekiti State adopt this botanical against the notorious flea beetles especially when the profits accrue from okra sales outweigh their net investment.  

scholarly journals MODEL PREDATOR-PREY DENGAN DUA PREDATOR

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Danar Agus Nugroho ◽  
Rina Reorita
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Coexistence State

This paper discussed about the predator-prey model with two predators. This model is a development of the model given by Korobeinikov and Wake (1999). Dynamic behavior of the model can be determined based on the stability of the equilibrium point. The stability of the equilibrium point of predator-prey model with two predators on the general ecosystem shows that there is no coexistence state (grown in tandem) on both predators and for a long time one of the predators will lead to the local extinction even though there is no competition between the two predators. Furthermore, this model is applied to the brown plant hopper predator, mirid prey and tomcat prey. The result shows that the population of brown planthopper and both of the predators will oscillate towards a particular value with a shorter span of time. In the long term, the number of brown planthopper and mirid will be heading to the equilibrium point, while the tomcat will lead to local extinction.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in population and biochemical contents of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
S. Narayana ◽  
◽  
S. Chander ◽  
S. Doddachowdappa ◽  
S. Sabtharishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Aim: The present study was undertaken on population dynamics and estimation of protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens to explore their migratory behaviour. Methodology: Brown planthopper populations were monitored and collected using sweep nets from 23rd standard meteorological week (SMW) to 47th SMW during 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons to understand population dynamics of the pest. The protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents were estimated from the pest samples collected during 36th to 44th SMW in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. Results: Brown planthopper population were not observed in rice farm during 23rd SMW to 28th SMW during two years of study. However, macropterous form of the pest first appeared in the farm during 29th SMW and peaked during 43rd SMW. Thereafter, population declined and disappeared after 47th SMW during both the years. Water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents varied significantly different weeks which remained low during 36th-39th SMW, however, increased gradually towards the end of the rainy season 2017 and 2018. On the other hand, protein content significantly varied among different weeks unlike the trend of water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen. Interpretation: The study revealed the absence of brown plant hopper during summer season preceding rainy season, and the accumulation of bio-chemical compounds towards the end of rainy season under Delhi environment is perhaps suggestive of migration of the pest from unknown areas during rainy season to Delhi and likely preparedness of the pest for emigration to safer areas from Delhi, respectively.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Fungi with Neonicotinoids for the Management of Brown Plant Hopper of Rice, Nilaparvata lugens stal. (Delphacidae: Hemiptera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nagendra Reddy ◽  
V. Jhansi Lakshmi ◽  
T. Uma Maheswari ◽  
G.S. Laha
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Background: Rice is the staple food of Indians and it is attacked by more than 100 species of insects. Among all, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the major sucking insects, which can cause appreciable damage by sucking sap on other hand transmitting viral diseases. Farming community using several insecticides for managing the BPH. However, continuous use of these insecticides causes health hazards and environmental pollution and also leads to development of insecticide resistance. Keeping this view in mind, the present investigation has been planned with combined use of fungal formulations and commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides in rice eco system for managing BPH. Methods: This experiment was carried out in two parts, one is studied the compatibility between neonicotinoids (Thiamethoxam 25 SG and Dinotefuran 20 SG) and entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii =Verticillium lecanii) by following the standard poison food technique. Second one is after studied the compatibility between neonicotinoids and entomopathogenic fungal agents, inhibitory studies were conducted under glasshouse conditions.Result: The study revealed that two tested insecticides affected the radial growth of fungi partially at all the three concentrations (0.5RC, RC and 1.5RC). At recommended concentration (RC), dinotefuran 20 SG @0.4 g/l was found to be slightly harmful to all three fungi (20% - 35% reduction of the growth of the fungus) and thiamethoxam 25 SG @ 0.25g/l appeared to be slightly harmful to B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and moderately harmful to L. lecanii (35-50% reduction of the growth of the fungus). Thiamethoxam 25SG alone recorded 65.0% mortality of BPH and when mixed with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae gave 86.25% and 81.25% mortality of BPH respectively under glass house conditions. Similarly, Dinotefuron 20 SG alone could gave 98.75% mortality of BPH. 

scholarly journals How varying parameters impact insecticide resistance bioassay: An example on the worldwide invasive pest Drosophila suzukii

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247756
Author(s):  
Lucile Blouquy ◽  
Claire Mottet ◽  
Jérôme Olivares ◽  
Christophe Plantamp ◽  
Myriam Siegwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Monitoring pesticide resistance is essential for effective and sustainable agricultural practices. Bioassays are the basis for pesticide-resistance testing, but devising a reliable and reproducible method can be challenging because these tests are carried out on living organisms. Here, we investigated five critical parameters and how they affected the evaluation of resistance to the organophosphate phosmet or the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin using a tarsal-contact protocol on Drosophila suzukii, a worldwide invasive pest. Three of the parameters were related to insect biology: (i) sex, (ii) age of the imago (adult stage) and (iii) genetic diversity of the tested population. The two remaining parameters were linked to the experimental setup: (iv) the number of individuals tested per dose and (v) the duration of exposure to the active ingredient. Results showed that response to insecticide differed depending on sex, males being twice as susceptible to phosmet as females. Age principally affected young females’ susceptibility to phosmet, because 0–24 hour-old flies were twice as susceptible as 24–48 hour-old and 72–96 hour-old females. Genetic diversity had no observable effect on resistance levels. The precision and accuracy of the median lethal dose (LD50) were greatly affected by the number of individuals tested per dose with a threshold effect. Finally, optimal duration of exposure to the active ingredient was 24 h, as we found an underestimation of mortality when assessed between 1 and 5 h after exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. None of the main known point mutations on the para sodium channel gene associated with a knockdown effect were observed. Our study demonstrates the importance of calibrating the various parameters of a bioassay to develop a reliable method. It also provides a valuable and transferable protocol for monitoring D. suzukii resistance worldwide.

scholarly journals Population Incidence and Efficacy of Chemical Control against Rice Leaffolder (Cnaphnalocrocis medinalis Guenee) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Mubashar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Numan Ejaz ◽  
Hamza Armghan Noushahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Population Incidence ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Rice Leaffolder ◽  
Research Institute

Rice leaffolder has become a serious pest in the last two decades. It causes up to 50 to 70 percent leaf damage and consequently up to 46 percent yield losses in case of severe infestation. A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku Punjab Pakistan in which population incidence of rice leaffolder and efficacy of different insecticides evaluated. Population observed form end August to termination of Kharif season. Highest population of rice leaffolder was recorded in September and October. Insecticides, proved, viz., Karate 2.5EC (Lambda cyhalothrin) @ 160ml 86.65%, Pravo 10EC (fipronil +lambda cyhalothrin) @ 300 ml 85.25%, Hoopoe 4G (cartap hydrochloride) @ 9 kg 85.85, Oncol 3G (Benfuracarb) @8 Kg 89.53%, Mover Plus 4.3G (cartap hydrochloride) @ 4.5 Kg 82.77%, Star 4G (cartap hydrochloride) @ 9 kg 78.40%, Padan 4G(cartap hydrochloride) @ 9 kg 86.83%, Virtako 0.6G (thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole) @ 4 kg 72.05%, Ferterra 0.4G (Chlorantraniliprole) @ 4 kg 91.21%, Paidan 8G (Cartap hydrochloride) 8 kg 84.18% effective. Insecticide treatedplots yielded higher than the control. Highest 3.62 t/ha was recorded with Hoopoe 4G and lowest with Star 4G 2.99 t/ha as compared to 1.95 t/ha of control. All treatments were statistically at par with each other but significantly different from control. In case of yield benefits, 34.78 percent to 46.27 percent increase was recorded. All the treatments were proved statistically at par against beneficial fauna.

scholarly journals Anti-pest protection of two-year old alfalfa grown for seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
A. V. Tyshchenko ◽  
O. D. Tyshchenko ◽  
G. M. Kuts ◽  
O. O. Piliarska ◽  
N. M. Galchenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Alfalfa Plant ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Active Substances

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of different insecticides against pests on two-year old alfalfa grown for seeds. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS in 2017–2019. The filed experiments were laid out in split plots. The main plots (factor A) were for water supply conditions (no irrigation vs. irrigation); sub-plots (factors B and C) were for application of insecticides. Seeds were sown in wide rows with interrows of 70 cm. Results and discussion. When the two-year old alfalfa canopy (budding onset) was inspected before insecticide treatment, the average numbers of pests were as follows: alfalfa plant bug – 3.0 specimens/10 sweeps, alfalfa aphid – 20.0 specimens/10 sweeps, beet webworm – 3.0 specimens/10 sweeps, alfalfa weevil (imagoes/grubs) – 1.0/3.0 specimens/10 sweeps, and alfalfa seed weevil – 1.0 specimens/10 sweeps. Treatment 1 reduced the pest numbers in the canopy: alfalfa plant bug – by 70.0–93.3%, alfalfa aphid – by 93.0–97.5%, beet webworm – by 80.0–96.7, alfalfa weevil (imagoes/grubs) – by 60.0–90.0%/73.3–93.3%, and alfalfa seed weevil – by 76.0–94.0%, depending on the insecticide. Treatment 2 helped to reduce the pest numbers in the canopy. Insecticide containing active substances chlorpyrifos 500 g/L and cypermethrin 50 g/L applied at a dose of 1.00 L/ha was the most effective. The highest seed yield was achieved after treatment 1 with insecticide containing active ingredients chlorpyrifos 500 g/L and cypermethrin 50 g/L applied at a dose of 1.00 L/ha and treatment 2 with insecticide containing active ingredients chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L and lambda-cyhalothrin 50 g/L applied at a dose of 0.17 L/ha and 0.15 L/ha, respectively. Conclusions. The highest seed yield was achieved after treatment 1 with insecticide containing active ingredients chlorpyrifos 500 g/L and cypermethrin 50 g/L applied at a dose of 1.00 L/ha and treatment 2 with insecticide containing active ingredients chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L and lambda-cyhalothrin 50 g/L applied at a dose of 0.17 L/ha and 0.15 L/ha, respectively

Effect of Buprofezin on Oviposition of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, at Sub-lethal Dose

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi KANAOKA ◽  
Rikio YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Takamichi KONNO
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens
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