scholarly journals Population densities and diversity of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) along an air pollution gradient on the Kola Peninsula, Russia¹

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozlov ◽  
Jukka Jalava ◽  
Alexandr Lvovsky ◽  
Kauri Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Unpolluted Area ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Pollution Impact

The noctuid moths were monitored by means of bait traps from 1991 to 1993 in the area polluted by the Severonikel smelter on the Kola Peninsula. The total catch was 869 specimens belonging to 21 species. The catches peaked in sites representing the earlier stages of forest decline, being about two times as large as in the unpolluted area. The noctuid moths were heterogeneous in their response to pollution impact: (1) Xestia rhaetica, X. speciosa and Eurois occultus showed a clinal decline towards the emission source, (2) Diarsia mendica peaked at slightly polluted sites, (3) Acronicta auricoma, Hyppa rectilinea, Apamea maillardi and Xestia alpicola were most abundant in moderately polluted areas, (4) a mountain tundra species, Polia conspicua, was collected in heavily polluted sites only. However, neither species richness nor diversity of Noctuidae were affected by pollution.

scholarly journals The Influence of Air Pollution on Corticolous Lichens near the Strathcona Industrial Area, Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elsinger ◽  
E. Burrell ◽  
N. DeBruyn ◽  
K. Tanasichuk ◽  
K. Timoney
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
Lichen Community

Lichens that grow on the bark of mature trees were studied at 35 sites along an air pollution gradient east of Edmonton, Alberta. Data on species composition, richness, and cover were recorded in October 1999 in a matrix of sites that extends from a known source of pollutants (the Strathcona Industrial Area) east across Strathcona County. Air pollution is affecting the corticolous lichen community. Lichen species richness and total cover increased with distance from the pollution source. Species richness in areas distant from pollution was roughly twice that in areas near the Strathcona Industrial Area. Xanthoria fallax and Phaeophyscia orbicularis were the most pollution tolerant lichens. Xanthoria hasseana, Ochrolechia arborea, Physcia adscendens, Parmelia sulcata, and Melanelia albertana were rare or absent near the pollution source and common in more distant areas. Most of the 15 species assessed were sensitive to air quality to some degree. Some lichens near the refineries and in Sherwood Park showed abnormal coloration and poor thallus integrity indicative of stress. We discuss implications for human health.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Collembola in urban soils and their use as bioindicators for pollution

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Fiera
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of pollutants on the abundance and diversity of Collembola in urban soils. The research was carried out in three parks (Cişmigiu, Izvor and Unirea) in downtown Bucharest, where the intense car traffic accounts for 70% of the local air pollution. One site in particular (Cişmigiu park) was highly contaminated with Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu at about ten times the background levels of Pb. Collembola were sampled in 2006 (July, September, November) using the transect method: 2,475 individuals from 34 species of Collembola were collected from 210 samples of soil and litter. Numerical densities differed significantly between the studied sites.The influence of air pollutants on the springtail fauna was visible at the species richness diversity and soil pollution levels. Species richness was lowest in the most contaminated site (Cismigiu, 11 species), which presented an increase in springtails abundances, though. Some species may become resistant to pollution and occur in high numbers of individuals in polluted sites, which makes them a good bioindicator of pollutants.

scholarly journals Population densities and diversity of Calliphoridae (Diptera) around a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, Northwestern Russia

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozlov ◽  
Terry Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northwestern Russia

In the summer of 2000, we collected blowflies (Calliphoridae) in ten sites around the Severonikel smelter on the Kola Peninsula. Meat-baited funnel traps (three per site), operated from June 10 to August 30, yielding 973 specimens of ten blowfly species; eight species are reported from the Kola Peninsula for the first time. The maximum catch (495 individuals), obtained at the site located 1 km from the smelter, was due to the synanthropic preferences of the two most common species, Protophormia terraenovae and Cynomya mortuorum. Neither total abundance nor diversity of blowflies attracted by meat baits changed along the pollution gradient.

Ion Leaching in Forest Ecosystems along a Great Lakes Air Pollution Gradient

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. MacDonald ◽  
A. J. Burton ◽  
H. O. Liechty ◽  
J. A. Witter ◽  
K. S. Pregitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Pollution Gradient

scholarly journals Tree Vitality and Forest Health: Can Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes Be Used as Indicators?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
John L. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abstract Purpose of Review Society is concerned about the long-term condition of the forests. Although a clear definition of forest health is still missing, to evaluate forest health, monitoring efforts in the past 40 years have concentrated on the assessment of tree vitality, trying to estimate tree photosynthesis rates and productivity. Used in monitoring forest decline in Central Europe since the 1980s, crown foliage transparency has been commonly believed to be the best indicator of tree condition in relation to air pollution, although annual variations appear more closely related to water stress. Although crown transparency is not a good indicator of tree photosynthesis rates, defoliation is still one of the most used indicators of tree vitality. Tree rings have been often used as indicators of past productivity. However, long-term tree growth trends are difficult to interpret because of sampling bias, and ring width patterns do not provide any information about tree physiological processes. Recent Findings In the past two decades, tree-ring stable isotopes have been used not only to reconstruct the impact of past climatic events, such as drought, but also in the study of forest decline induced by air pollution episodes, and other natural disturbances and environmental stress, such as pest outbreaks and wildfires. They have proven to be useful tools for understanding physiological processes and tree response to such stress factors. Summary Tree-ring stable isotopes integrate crown transpiration rates and photosynthesis rates and may enhance our understanding of tree vitality. They are promising indicators of tree vitality. We call for the use of tree-ring stable isotopes in future monitoring programmes.

scholarly journals A two-stage residential location and transport mode choice model with exposure to traffic-induced air pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Schindler ◽  
JYT Wang ◽  
RD Connors
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Mode Choice Model

Air pollution is an increasing concern to urban residents. In response, residents are beginning to adapt their travel behaviour and to consider local air quality when choosing a home. We study implications of such behaviour for the morphology of cities and population exposure to traffic-induced air pollution. To do so, we propose a spatially explicit and integrated residential location and transport mode choice model for a city with traffic-induced air pollution. Intra-urban spatial patterns of population densities, transport mode choices, and resulting population exposure are analysed for urban settings of varying levels of health concern and air pollution information available to residents. Numerical analysis of the feedback between residential location choice and transport mode choice, and between residents' choices and the subsequent potential impact on their own health suggests that increased availability of information on spatially variable traffic-induced health concerns shifts population towards suburban areas with availability of public transport. Thus, health benefits result from reduced population densities close to urban centres in this context. To mitigate population exposure, our work highlights the need for spatially explicit information on peoples' air pollution concerns and, on this basis, spatially differentiated integrated land use and transport measures.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF SOME SELECTED GYMNOSPERM SPECIES ALONG THE ROAD SIDE OF KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Prakash Hamal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Air Pollution Tolerance Index ◽  
Polluted Sites

Response of plants towards air pollution is assessed by air pollution tolerance index (APTI). Four species of Gymnosperms (Thuja orientiales, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii and Araucaria bidwillii) were evaluated for APTI. Leaves were collected during winter season from polluted sites (Airport, Dhumbarahi, Jawalakhel, Ratnapark, and Sankhapark) and less polluted site (Narayanthan) of Kathmandu valley. Of four gymnosperm species collected from road side, all species (Cedrus deodara, Araucaria bidwillii, Thuja orientiales and Pinus roxburghii) showed high value of APTI (i.e., more than 8), indicating their resistance to air pollution.ECOPRINT 24: 13-19, 2017

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