scholarly journals Some Challenges for Research on Emotion and Moral Judgment: The Moral Foreign-Language Effect as a Case Study

Diametros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (64) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McFarlane ◽  
Heather Cipolletti Perez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Response Tendency ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Specific Emotion

In this article, we discuss a number of challenges with the empirical study of emotion and its relation to moral judgment. We examine a case study involving the moral foreign-language effect, according to which people show an increased utilitarian response tendency in moral dilemmas when using their non-native language. One important proposed explanation for this effect is that using one’s non-native language reduces emotional arousal, and that reduced emotion is responsible for this tendency. We offer reasons to think that there is insufficient evidence for accepting this explanation at present. We argue that there are three themes that constrain our current ability to draw firm empirical conclusions: 1) the frequent use of proxies or partial measures for emotions, 2) the lack of a predictive and generalizable theory of emotion and specific emotion-types, and 3) the obscurity of a baseline level of neutrality with respect to participant emotion. These lessons apply not only to research on the moral foreign-language effect, but to empirical research in moral psychology more generally. 

scholarly journals Phonological Errors and L1 Interference: A Case Study of Jordanian Learners of English as a Foreign Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Fatima Al-Shalabi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Phonological Errors

This study investigates the phonological errors made by Jordanian learners of English as a foreign language. It aims to explore the role played by the learners’ first language in committing such errors. The researcher collected data from 20 Jordanian learners of English; all were in Grade 10 and speak Jordanian Arabic (JA) as their native language. The researcher asked each participant to read a list of words and recorded their pronunciation. The analysis of data showed that participants made two types of errors: insertion errors and substitution errors. The results also revealed that learners’ first language interference is the major source of both insertion and substitution errors. The study made some suggestions to eliminate errors and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Does foreign language alter moral judgments? No evidence from two pre-registered studies with the CNI-model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Lena Klein ◽  
Janna Dierolf
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Language Effects ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Context Specific

Recent studies suggest that processing moral dilemmas in a foreign language instead of the native language increases the likelihood of moral judgments in line with the utilitarian principle. The goal of our research was to investigate the replicability and robustness of this moral foreign-language effect and to explore its underlying mechanisms by means of the CNI model—a multinomial model that allows to estimate the extent to which moral judgments are driven by people’s sensitivity to consequences (C-parameter), their sensitivity to norms (N-parameter), and their general preference for action or inaction (I-parameter). In two pre-registered studies, German participants provided moral judgments to dilemmas that were either presented in German or English. In Experiment 1, participants judged eight different dilemmas in four versions each (i.e., 32 dilemmas in total). In Experiment 2, participants judged four different dilemmas in one of the four versions (i.e., 4 dilemmas in total). Neither of the two studies replicated the moral foreign-language effect. Moreover, we also did not find reliable language effects on the three parameters of the CNI-model. We conclude that if there is a moral foreign-language effect, it must be very fragile and context specific.

Do People Believe That They Are More Deontological Than Others?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Li ◽  
Li-Lin Rao
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protected Values

The question of how we decide that someone else has done something wrong is at the heart of moral psychology. Little work has been done to investigate whether people believe that others’ moral judgment differs from their own in moral dilemmas. We conducted four experiments using various measures and diverse samples to demonstrate the self–other discrepancy in moral judgment. We found that (a) people were more deontological when they made moral judgments themselves than when they judged a stranger (Studies 1-4) and (b) a protected values (PVs) account outperformed an emotion account and a construal-level theory account in explaining this self–other discrepancy (Studies 3 and 4). We argued that the self–other discrepancy in moral judgment may serve as a protective mechanism co-evolving alongside the social exchange mechanism and may contribute to better understanding the obstacles preventing people from cooperation.

scholarly journals Thinking More or Feeling Less? Explaining the Foreign-Language Effect on Moral Judgment

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayuri Hayakawa ◽  
David Tannenbaum ◽  
Albert Costa ◽  
Joanna D. Corey ◽  
Boaz Keysar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
The One

Would you kill one person to save five? People are more willing to accept such utilitarian action when using a foreign language than when using their native language. In six experiments, we investigated why foreign-language use affects moral choice in this way. On the one hand, the difficulty of using a foreign language might slow people down and increase deliberation, amplifying utilitarian considerations of maximizing welfare. On the other hand, use of a foreign language might stunt emotional processing, attenuating considerations of deontological rules, such as the prohibition against killing. Using a process-dissociation technique, we found that foreign-language use decreases deontological responding but does not increase utilitarian responding. This suggests that using a foreign language affects moral choice not through increased deliberation but by blunting emotional reactions associated with the violation of deontological rules.

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY: PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON CHILDREN BILINGUAL EDUCATION IN BALI

PRASI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pande Gede Artha Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This article aimed to discuss the parents’ perceptions, on children bilingual education in Bali. Bilingual education could be defined as involving or using two languages in education system, in which one of the language used is students’ native language and in using the languages without mentioning the degree of each language proportion. This small investigation explored a young Balinese girl who became bilingual in English and Bahasa Indonesia and her parents’ perceptions about bilingual education. It involved participant observation, questionnaires administer and interview with her parents. The results of the study showed that the parents wanted their children to be bilingual because it would help in getting better life. Besides, collaboration between teachers, parents, society and environment is needed in order to promote bilingual education without losing children native language, because the parents believe that being bilingual meant children can speak both foreign language and native language equally without losing their native language

scholarly journals Dialog w metodzie indywidualnych przypadków

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Karpińska-Szaj
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Research Procedure

An individual case study is a research procedure and at the same time a practical approach which makes it possible to apply a variety of data gathering instruments. One such instrument is dialogue, which is described in this article as a tool meant for the diagnosis and treatment of difficulties in foreign language learning as experienced by students with special educational needs who have disturbed development in their native language.

scholarly journals Balinese Students Pronunciation in Learning English: A Case Study of Sixth-Grade Students at SDN 1 Petulu Ubud

HUMANIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Suantari ◽  
I Made Suastra ◽  
I Gusti Agung Istri Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Learner Differences

This study is aimed to identify how the Balinese students pronounce English consonants and to analyse the factors that influenced the Balinese student’s pronunciation in pronouncing English consonants. This study was conducted as field research and the data was collected from the Balinese student’s pronunciation by recording their voices in pronouncing the target phonemes. Besides, interviewing was also done to know the factors that influence them in pronouncing the target phonemes. Data of this research was descriptively analysed by using qualitative methods and analysed by the theory proposed by Roach, Brown, and Harmer. The consonants chosen were the consonants that mostly do not occur in their native language structure such as /f/, /?/, /?/, /?/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /?/, /?/ and the chosen English consonants that are pronounced differently from what it has written is /k/. The Balinese students were not familiar with those phonemes caused they found difficulties when they pronounced those phonemes sound. Foreign language pronunciation of the students was influenced by some factors: Age, First language interference, Learner differences (student’s aptitude and intelligence), and Motivation (teacher and other students).

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

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