scholarly journals PEGARUH MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidental. L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
R Azimi Wahid ◽  
Kemas Usman
Keyword(s):  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Green House

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Media Pembibitan Terhadap Pertumubuhan Bibit Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitaian ini adalah metode eksperimen, tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lenkap (RAL). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Green house Peneliti di Sambleia, Kecamatan Sambelia Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan pada pertumbuhan jambu mete pada perlakuan P3 (campuran tanah dan sekam) memberikan pola pertambahan tinggi batang pada minggu kedua sampai kedelapan tidak berbeda signifikan dan pada pertambahan jumlah daun pada minnggu 1,2,3,5,7,8 tidak berbeda signifikan.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.) TERHADAP HAMA Helopeltis antonii SIGN. (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
ANDI MUHAMMAD AMIR ◽  
ELNA KARMAWATI ◽  
HADAD E. A.
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Green House ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Research Institute

<p>Penelitian evaluasi ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap hama Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITTRO) Bogor, mulai bulan April sampai Desember 2004, bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete terhadap H antonii. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas sembilan aksesi jambu mete, yaitu (1) Balakrisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (III/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojoketo (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), dan (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). Penelitian terdiri atas (a) preferensi tanpa pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 5 kali, dan (b) preferensi dengan pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jambu mete aksesi Mojokerto (XIII-8) dan Balakrisnan (B-02) merupakan aksesi jambu mete tahan dan toleran terhadap hama //. antonii.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, ketahanan, hama, Helopeltis antonii</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>The evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale I,.) to Helopeltis Antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae)</strong></p><p>The research on the evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale L.) to Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) was conducted in the Pest and Diseases Laboratory and Green House Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute Bogor, from April to December 2004, to test the resistances of some cashew lines to H. antonii. The treatment consisted of nine cashew lines that is, (1) Balakisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (I1I/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojokerto (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), and (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). The research consisted of, (a) preferences without choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 5 times, and (b) preferences with choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. The result indicated that cashew lines of Mojoketo (XIII-8) and Balakrisnan (B-02) were resistant and tolerant to H. antonii.</p><p>Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., resistance, pest. Helopeltis antonii</p>

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

CARBON FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS, MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nor Izana Mohd Shobri ◽  
Wan Noor Anira Hj Wan Ali ◽  
Norizan Mt Akhir ◽  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Green House ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint Assessment ◽  
The University ◽  
Electrical Consumption

The purpose of this study is to assess the carbon footprint emission at UiTM Perak, Seri Iskandar Campus. The assessment focuses on electrical power and transportation usage. Questionnaires were distributed to the staffs and students to survey their transportation usage in the year 2014 while for electrical consumption, the study used total energy consumed in the year 2014. Data was calculating with the formula by Green House Gas Protocol. Total carbon footprint produced by UiTM Perak, Seri Jskandar Campus in the year 2014 is 11842.09 MTC02' The result of the study is hoped to provide strategies for the university to reduce the carbon footprint emission.

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS SOB EFEITOS DE HIGROGEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Maria Rita De Sousa Araújo ◽  
Wanderson Dias Sarmento ◽  
Pedro Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Manuel Caíque Ehrich Rodrigues ◽  
Selma Dos Santos Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
G 12

A disponibilidade hídrica se constitui num fator limitante a sobrevivência de espécies vegetais, especialmente no semiárido nordestino, por possuir prolongadas secas, sendo fundamental o estudo de ações sustentáveis que possam atenuar esses efeitos. O hidrogel é um polímero retentor de umidade que, incorporado ao solo, atua como ferramenta de combate aos efeitos de estresse hídrico, além de melhorar a aeração e drenagem do solo, bem como a redução das perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar a eficiência do hidrogel em espécies nativas ao grau de sobrevivência no Alto Sertão da Paraíba.<strong> </strong>As mudas de <em>Anacardium occidentale </em>e <em>Eugenia pyriformis</em> estão inseridas em um sistema agroflorestal que possui uma área de 3.575m<sup>2</sup>, localizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba - Campus Sousa. Foram transplantadas 64 mudas para o sistema onde foram mantidas com regas semanais por 30 dias, para contribuir no processo de aclimatização. Após esse período, aplicou-se o hidrogel, adotou-se delineamento estatístico em bloco ao acaso e quatro repetições em esquema fatorial (4x2+1) sendo oito tratamentos constituídos pelas dosagens: 0 g; 4 g; 8 g; 12 g de hidrogel e pelas duas espécies, e uma testemunha adicional (sem hidrogel com rega). O hidrogel foi aplicado pós-plantio em furos próximos a muda e paralelo às raízes das mesmas. Após a aplicação foi avaliada a Sintomatologia do Estresse Hídrico a cada três dias para identificar o grau de sobrevivência das mudas, onde adotou-se a escala: SEM – planta sem sintomas; PSM – planta com poucos sintomas de murcha; SMM – planta com sintomas moderados; SSM – planta com sintomas severos de murcha. Observou-se que as mudas que receberam 12 g de hidrogel permaneceram durante seis semanas com a maior porcentagem (83%) de plantas sem sintomas de murcha, decaindo apenas na 8ª semana para 68%, fato esse observado em mudas de <em>A. occidentale</em>. Em testemunhas que receberam regas, na 6ª semana, 91% delas não apresentaram sintomas de murcha, decaindo apenas na 8ª semana para 81%. Para <em>E. pyriformis</em>, o tratamento  com maior dosagem de hidrogel, tornou-se o mais eficiente para a cultura, com 12% das plantas sem sintomas de murcha, tendo em vista que durante seis semanas, os demais tratamentos não apresentaram diferença significativa.<strong> </strong>Para mudas que receberam rega, 34% das mesmas não apresentaram sintomas de murcha até a 8ª semana.<strong> </strong>Tendo em vista o percentual de plantas que se estabeleceram durante o período de dois meses com ausência de regas e o uso do hidrogel, observamos que a <em>E. pyriformis </em>apresentou-se mais sensível ao estresse hídrico provocado no sistema, enquanto que para a <em>A. occidentale, </em>a<em> </em>maior dosagem de hidrogel tornou-se significativa quanto ao percentual de murcha, sendo comparada as plantas que receberam regas. Assim, conclui-se que o hidrogel é eficiente em sistemas agroflorestais que passaram por um longo período de estresse hídrico, assegurando a sobrevivência da planta.

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