Gold nanoparticles associated with temozolomide for glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment

Malignant neoplasms represents a group of diseases that features, as a characteristic, the genetic differentiation of the original tissue, leading to the disordered growth of cells, invading normal tissues and organs. Among the most aggressive tumors, Glioblastoma Multiforme has a mortality rate around 95% and survival’s average of 15 months, even though all treatment available. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the chemotherapeutic drug so far tested and approved with the highest response in this tumor sub-type and must be associated to other treatments to achieve better results. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of this therapeutic modality with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and also combined with radiotherapy. TMZ hydrolysis was characterized at different pH and the chemical changes on molecular structure was determined via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The treatment performance was verified in vitro test using TMZ, TMZ plus AuNPs and associated with radiotherapy. The TMZ concentrations were varied from 0 (control group) to 1000µM, combined with AuNPs from 0 (control group) to10¹⁰ nanoparticles per well. The results showed the drug is stable at pH values between 2 to 4, but for pH values close to the physiological or basic medium, degradation is accentuated reaching a rate of 16 %/hour. The changes on molecular structure of TMZ can be observed through the FT-IR spectra, where the release of oxygen in the structure has influence on C=O group. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the highest poor results in the absence of ionizing irradiation. However, for experiments with TMZ and nanoparticles associated to radiotherapy, the performance of the treatment increased. In summary, the AuNPs showed important results under irradiation, revealing the same level of cytotoxicity for the highest TMZ concentration without irradiation. Also, the synergic effect between AuNPs and TMZ was observed under irradiation condition.

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TITANIUM NANOPARTICLES CONJUGATED WITH STREPTOKINASE AS A MODIFIED THROMBOLYTIC AGENT

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i1.36824 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

HAYDER H. ABED ◽

ESTABRAQ AR. ALWASITI ◽

AMIR T. TAWFEEQ

Keyword(s):

Thrombolytic Agent ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Control Group ◽

Thrombolytic Activity ◽

Protein Assay ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Titanium Nanoparticles ◽

D Dimer

Objective: Blood clots are the main cause of death worldwide by stroke and myocardial infarction. Streptokinase a thrombolytic agent that is used in the treatment of circulatory disorders. Methods: Titanium Nanoparticles was supplied from Changsha Santech Co. Its characterized were studied using (FT-IR, XRD, AFM, FE-SEM). Streptokinase at concentration 0.1 mg/ml was conjugated with Titanium nanoparticles using PH equal to 5.2 with continuous stirring. Formation of Streptokinase loading Titanium nanoparticles confirmed using FT-IR, Ninhydrine’s test and Bradford protein assay. Physicochemical Properties were studied in vitro. Thrombolytic activity in vitro was determined using d–dimer indicator and weight of blood clot after treatment as indicators of thrombolytic activity. Results: Titanium nanoparticles show particle size at range 31 nm. The thrombolytic activity of streptokinase loading Titanium nanoparticles shows significant value in d-dimer and weight of blood clot compared with the control group and non-significant compared with an equivalent amount of streptokinase alone. Conclusion: Titanium nanoparticles conjugated with streptokinase show high thrombolytic activity against blood clots in vitro.

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Brassinosteroids and gibberellic acid: effects on in vitro pollen germination in grapevine

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2017.51.4.1862 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Zeliha Gokbayrak ◽

Hakan Engin

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Table Grape ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Control Group ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Grape Cultivars

Many physiological processes related to plant growth and development are under the influence of growth regulators, which also have an impact on pollen germination. In this study, the effects of two brassinosteroid compounds, epibrassinolide and 22S,23S-homobrassinolide, and gibberellic acid (GA3) on in vitro pollen germination of two table grape cultivars, ‘Italia’ and ‘Cardinal’ (Vitis vinifera L.), were determined. A total of 28 treatments, alone and in combination, were applied to freshly collected pollens which were sown on a basic medium with 1% agar and 20% sucrose. Petri dishes were kept at 26±1°C for 24 hours. Counting of the germinated pollens revealed that the effects of these plant hormones were cultivar- and substance-specific. The cultivar ‘Italia’ was not influenced by the treatments (the highest germination ratio being 44.4% from 0.001 mg L-1 epibrassinolide) as opposed to the cultivar ‘Cardinal’. The highest germination ratio in ‘Cardinal’ was about 50% in pollens treated with 25 mg L-1 GA3 + 0.01 mg L-1 epibrassinolide. The control group resulted in 32.38% germination. Combining GA3 with epibrassinolide provided slightly higher germination ratios compared to combining GA3 with 22S,23S-homobrassinolide.

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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the ent-kaurenoic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid enriched Mikania glomerata extract in V79

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f180101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natália Ferreira ◽

Arthur Ribeiro ◽

Mariângela Morais ◽

Aline Peixoto ◽

Marcela Bernardino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test System ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

V79 Cells ◽

Kaurenoic Acid ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Mikania Glomerata

Abstract. Ferreira NH, Ribeiro AB, Morais MD, Peixoto AM, Bernardino MA, Moreira MR, Soares ACF, Heleno VCG, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. 2018. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the ent-kaurenoic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid-enriched Mikania glomerata extract in V79. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: xxxx. The ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel was effective to inhibit the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. In view of the biological potential of this extract and its major component, the present study was carried out to evaluate the safety of the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel and ent-kaurenoic acid alone in an in vitro test system. The results showed that the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 40.0 μg/mL. Genotoxic effects were observed in cell cultures treated with the highest concentrations tested of ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel (10.0 and 15.0 µg/mL) and ent-kaurenoic acid alone (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 µg/mL) when compared to the control group. Therefore, the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel demonstrated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects at the highest concentrations tested, while ent-kaurenoic acid showed to be genotoxic at the same concentrations present in ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel in V79 cells. These results demonstrate that the ent-kaurenoic acid should be responsible, at least in part, of the genotoxicity of ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel.

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Effect of oocyte vitrification before and after in vitro maturation towards Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-2/Bax ratio expression

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v24i2.4559 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Zakiyatul Faizah ◽

Haryanto Aswin ◽

Hamdani Lunardhi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Cumulus Cell ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Control Group ◽

Oocyte Vitrification ◽

Expression Ratio ◽

Before And After

Objectives: to compare the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in cumulus cell and oocyte between vitrified oocyte pre and post in vitro maturation.Materials and Methods: Maturation was operated in medium TC 100 µl for 24 hours. Vitrification begins with washing oocyte in PBS basic medium supplemented of 20% serum for 1-2 minutes, followed by equilibration medium PBS + 20% serum + 10% ethylene glycol for 10-14 minutes, then transferred to 20% serum + PBS + 0.5 M sucrose + 15% ethylene glycol + PROH 15% for 25-30 seconds. Thawing is processed by submerging the oocytes in the media: 1). PBS + 20% serum + 0.5 M sucrose, 2). PBS + 20% serum + 0.25 M sucrose, and 3). PBS + 20% serum + 0.1 M sucrose. Imunocytochemistry observed the expression of Bcl-2, bax and Bcl-2/bax ratio.Results: Bcl-2 expression on oocyte in control group differed significantly with treatment group, Bcl-2 expression on cumulus in control group differed significantly with treatment 1 group. Bax expression on oocyte in control group differed significantly with treatment group. Bax expression on cumulus in control group differed significantly with treatment group. Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio on oocyte and cumulus did not differ significantly in all groupConclusion: No difference Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio on oocyte and cumulus between vitrified oocyte pre and post in vitro maturation.

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Selection of probiotic bifidobacteria for lambs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/151/2009-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 552-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Vlková ◽

M. Grmanová ◽

V. Rada ◽

I. Homutová ◽

S. Dubná

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Probiotic Treatment ◽

Wild Strains ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Gradient Plate ◽

Selection Of

Twenty-six bifidobacteria were isolated from faecal samples of lambs. The isolates were identified, functional properties (survival ability at low pH and bile conditions) and antimicrobial activities against potential pathogens were determined. From the isolates with suitable properties (13 strains) rifampicin-resistant mutants were prepared by gradient plate techniques. This property enabled us to differentiate the administered organism from wild strains because resistance to rifampicin is rare among bifidobacteria. Rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBifs) were administered to 3-days-old lambs in two trials. In the first trial the strain B. ruminantium L29 was applied to 3 lambs and was detected in faecal samples at high counts (6 log CFU/g on average) for one week. In the second trial 3 lambs received a “cocktail” of 12 strains and RRBifs survived in the intestinal tract at counts of about 6 log CFU/g for 25 days. The control group without probiotic treatment consisted of 6 animals. In both treated groups RRBifs dominated among bifidobacteria after their administration. Total bifidobacterial counts (5.64–7.32 log CFU/g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treated groups compared to 2.31–2.85 log CFU/g detected in the control group during the first month of lamb life. Lactobacilli counts were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treated groups compared to the control. The administered bifidobacteria did not affect any other monitored bacterial groups. On the basis of in vitro test results, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for lambs were chosen. Some of them survived for 30 days in the gastrointestinal tract of treated lambs, but no tested strain was able to colonise the lamb’s tract permanently. The administration of bifidobacterial “cocktail” and consequent identification of the best survived strain seems to be an effective method for selection of potential probiotics.

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Self-swelling tissue expander for soft tissue reconstruction in the craniofacial region: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering ◽

10.3233/bme-211224 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Yili Chang ◽

Fubao Zhang ◽

Feng Liu ◽

Lianshui Shi ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Tissue Expander ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽

Tissue Reconstruction ◽

Ft Ir

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial soft-tissue defects mostly have an impact on the treatment of various oral diseases. Tissue expander is an important technique for tissue reconstruction, especially for soft tissues in reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to develop a new self-swelling tissue expander, namely hydrogel, for soft tissue reconstruction in craniofacial region. METHODS: In vitro, the chemical and physical characteristics of hydrogel were evaluated by SEM, swelling rate, mechanical testing, EDS, and FT-IR. In vivo, the craniofacial implant model of SD rats were divided into group A as control, group B with hydrogels for 1 week expansion, group C for 2 weeks and group D for 4 weeks (n = 5), and the effects were analyzed by HE staining, histological and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: The in vitro results suggested that dry hydrogel possessed a uniform surface with micropores, the surface of post-swelling hydrogel formed three-dimensional meshwork. Within 24 hours, hydrogels expanded markedly, then slowed down. The mechanical property of hydrogels with longer expansion was better, whose main elements were carbon and oxygen. FT-IR also verified its molecular structure. In vivo, the wounds of rats recovered well, hydrogels could be removed as one whole piece with original shape and examined by radiographic evaluation, besides, the expanded skin and developed fibrous capsule formed surrounding hydrogels. CONCLUSION: The new expander was designed successfully with good chemical and physical characteristics, and could be applied in an animal model to help tissue reconstruction.

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Synthesis of Biopolymers by Condensed Histidine Imide Derivatives with Some Acid Anhydride and Their Crosslink with Acrylonitrite

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies ◽

10.52716/jprs.v5i1.107 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 27-41

Author(s):

Dr. Firyal. M.A ◽

Assel K. M.

Keyword(s):

Chemical Resistance ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Direct Polycondensation ◽

Visible Spectroscopy ◽

Bioactive Polymers ◽

Ph Values ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Histidine as known amino acid was converted to its acid chloride [C1] with thionyl chloride at 0 oC, then reacted with ammonia, the corresponding imide-diamine [C2] was obtained, and then condensed with maleic or methylnadic anhydride. The two novel condensed polymers [C3, C4] were obtained with highly conversion percentage and modified to crosslinked polymers [C5, C6] with acrylonitrile monomer through vinylic group by free radical polymerization. The physical properties of all prepared polymers were studied and characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The swelling % was calculated. The new Polymers [C3, C4], were synthesized by direct polycondensation to give the new bioactive polymers. The rate of hydrolysis of the prepared polymers was studied in different pH values at 37 oC. Howeve, the crosslinked biopolymers [C5, C6] indicated much more chemical resistance than [C3, C4], and the sustained release was observed as good results in basic medium.

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Influence of Acidosis on Cardiotonic Effects of Milrinone

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199803000-00024 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 725-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Makoto Tanaka ◽

Tomohisa Ishikawa ◽

Toshiaki Nishikawa ◽

Katsutoshi Goto ◽

Shigehito Sato

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Inotropic Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ph Values ◽

The Right ◽

Camp Formation

Background The present study was designed to determine whether augmentation of cardiac performance by milrinone is affected by acidosis in in vivo canine and in vitro guinea pig preparations, and to elucidate a mechanism in relation to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation. Methods Halothane-anesthetized, ventilated dogs were randomly assigned to a control group (arterial pH [pHa] approximately 7.4, base excess [BE] > -2 mM; n = 7), mild acidosis group (pHa approximately 7.2, BE < -9 mM; n = 7); or severe acidosis group (pHa < 7, BE < -20 mM; n = 6). Arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure (including maximum rate of increase, LV dP/dtmax), and pulmonary blood flow (PBF) were measured. Acidosis was induced by transient hypoxia and maintained with hydrogen chloride infusion. Hemodynamic responses to milrinone infusions at 2 and 5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) were then studied. In addition, left atria and right ventricular strips were dissected from guinea pig hearts and suspended in HEPES-Tyrode solution, with pH values adjusted to 7.4, 7, or 6.6. The concentration-response relation of isometric contractions for milrinone (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) and 8-bromo-cAMP (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) were determined. Results In the control group of dogs, significant increases in LV dP/dtmax (2,674 +/- 822 to 3,999 +/- 1,016 mmHg/s [means +/- SD]) and PBF (2.04 +/- 0.98 to 2.44 +/- 0.96 l/min [means +/- SD]) were seen with a milrinone infusion of 5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). In the mild acidosis group, 5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) milrinone also increased LV dP/dtmax and PBF. However, neither LV dP/dtmax nor PBF changed in the severe acidosis group. In in vitro experiments, milrinone exerted a positive inotropic effect in a concentration-dependent manner on the right ventricular preparations at pH 7.4, but not at pH 7 and 6.6, whereas no significant difference was observed in inotropic responses to 8-bromo-cAMP at pH values of 6.6, 7, and 7.4 on the right ventricular strips. In the right ventricular in vitro preparation, 10(-4) M milrinone was accompanied by a significant increase in intracellular cAMP content at apH of 7.4 but not 7. Conclusions These results indicate that the inotropic effect of milrinone is attenuated by acidosis due, at least in part, to decreased cAMP formation in acidotic muscle.

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THE EVALUATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES AND IN VITRO TEST OF CARBODIIMIDE OR GLUTARALDEHYDE CROSS-LINKED GELATIN FOR PC 12 CELLS CULTURE

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237205000160 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PEI-RU CHEN ◽

PEI-LEUN KANG ◽

WEN-YU SU ◽

FENG-HUEI LIN ◽

MING-HONG CHEN

Keyword(s):

Covalent Binding ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Endothermic Peak ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Denaturation Temperature ◽

Vitro Test ◽

The Stability

The thermal and degradable properties of carbodiimide (EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked gelatin membranes have been investigated in order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of two kinds of cross-linking reagent on the stability of membranes. In the thermogram recorded from a gelatin membrane cross-linked with EDC solution, the endothermic peak of 0.8% EDC cross-linking gelatin was centered at about 61°C that was higher than other samples treated with EDC solutions. Denaturation temperature (Td) of gelatin samples increased on increasing EDC concentration (0.2% to 0.8%), in agreement with the simultaneous increased of the extent of cross-linking. But increasing GTA concentration from 0.05% to 0.6%, the Td values of gelatin samples were decreased from 66.2°C to 56.3°C . In addition, two endothermic peaks were observed in 0.4% and 0.6% GTA cross-linking groups because of the GTA concentration was too high to complete cross-linking reaction. Therefore, partial of gelatin membrane was cross-linked completely but others were not. In the thermogravimetric analysis, the proportion of cracking endothermic peak of 0.6% GTA cross-linking gelatin (g15G0.6) was higher than the peak of 0.6% EDC cross-linking gelatin (g15C0.6). Therefore, g15G0.6 cracked to smaller molecules has to absorb more calorific capacity than g15C0.6. The increase in the strength of covalent binding on increasing the proportion of endothermic peak was evident. The results of degradable rate were in agreement with the lower concentration of cross-linked reagent the faster degraded rate of gelatin membrane. The MTT assay showed that 15% gelatin cross-linked by 0.8% EDC has the least cytotoxicity, and cell activity of this group was similar to control group (blank dish). As the concentration of GTA in gelatin membranes was down to 0.05% or 0.1% the cell viability was returned to approach the value of control group.

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