Use of cover crops in Oxisol and its effects on yield and soybean oil content

In the no-tillage system, soils generally exhibit some degree of compaction that limits agricultural production. In this scenario, the use of soil cover plants is one of the alternatives capable of improving the structural quality of the soil and increasing the productivity of crops, such as soybeans. In the context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant cover species and management systems on the improvement of the physical characteristics of a Oxisol and its effects on the production and content of soybean oil. The treatments consisted of control, no-tillage system with gypsum, chiseling system, and 12 treatments with soil cover species composed of 6 summer species and 6 winter species, in completely randomized design. Soil samples were collected in the 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m layers for determination of bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), microporosity, macroporosity, and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in 2014, 2017, 2018. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, mean plant height and number of plants per meter were evaluated in soybean crop. Mean treatment values were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. Five months after the chiseling system, there was no influence on BD. The treatments did not present differences six months after the application of gypsum. BD, TP, micro and macroporosity and Ksat were the variables most influenced by the periods of the year in the three soil layers. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, plant height and number of plants per meter were influenced by the seasons.

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Structuring of a Haplortox by Soil Cover Species

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n11p299 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽

Deonir Secco ◽

Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽

Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽

Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Oil Content ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Management Systems ◽

Average Height ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil cover species and management systems in improving the physical characteristics of a Haplortox and its effects on grain yield and soybean oil content. The experimental area, consisted of 15 treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Each plot had size of 20 × 25 m. The treatments consisted of: traditional no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with application of gypsum, no-tillage with scarification and 12 treatments with cover species called soil structure reclaimers. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, with four replicates. The physical attributes evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the periods of 2014, 2015 and 2016. In the soybean crop the grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains, average height of plants and number of plants/m were evaluated in each treatment with four replications. The oil content was performed by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance method. The averages of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The results showed that five months after soil scarification did not affect bulk density. Eleven months after gypsum application discrete improvements in density, total porosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity occurred in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. It was also concluded that grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains and number of plants per meter were not influenced by the soil cover species and soil management systems.

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On-farm Demonstration of Improved of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Highlands of Southwestern, Ethiopia

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i630356 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-17

Author(s):

Mesfin Hailemariam ◽

Mohammed Assen

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Mean Value ◽

Women Farmers ◽

Local Variety ◽

Southwestern Ethiopia ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

Participatory pre-extension demonstration was taken in Dedo and Bedele woreda, in Jimma and Buno Bedele zone in two kebeles each in 2018 main cropping season. Data were collected 100 plants from the demonstration plots. From this study, the performance of three improved fababean and one local variety collected from the areas serves as a check were tested in 11 farmers demonstration plots in two districts of southwestern Ethiopia. From the agronomic traits includes: Days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight and yield and yield Mean grain yield of the tested varieties ranged from 2200 Kg/ha for local variety, to 4370 Kg/ha for Dosha with overall mean value of 3450 Kg/ha. In addition, the highest agronomic performance was recorded for most agronomic traits. In terms of thousand seed weight, the variety Tumsa (805.80 g) score the highest next to Gora (896.60 g).The farmers preference selection and three development agents, 8 men and 5 women farmers evaluated the trial using plant earliness, biomass, seed size, number of branches per plant, plant height and the disease reaction are used as a criteria to select promising varieties Tumsa (23.00), Dosha (16.94) and Gora (16.83) scored up to three highest values, respectively. The lowest (8.96) was scored for the local variety. From agronomic data at two districts in participation of farmers, Dosha, Gora, Tumsa and local variety fababean varieties were given superior in grain yield respectively. The study also showed that Dosha superior in other agronomic traits except thousand seed weight and harvest index. From the farmer’s preference Tumsa, Dosha, Gora and local variety ranks up to fourth. Therefore, all the three improved varieties with their agronomic packages selected by farmers are recommended for Dedo and Bedele districts Southwestern Ethiopia and similar highland agro ecology.

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Nitrogen and Potassium Topdressing in Maize Intercropped with Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v4n4p49 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Edleusa P. Seidel ◽

Willian Reis ◽

Bruna Bartzen ◽

Joice Knaul ◽

Alisson D. Cassiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Plant Height ◽

Food Source ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Forage Species ◽

Tillage System ◽

Ear Height

Maize has been intercropped with different forage species, especially Brachiaria spp., for different purposes and at different times: after maize harvest, as a food source for cattle; and exclusively for the production of straw to maintain a no-tillage system, which is the main purpose of intercropping in western Paraná. The objective was to investigate the effects of different rates of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) topdressing on grain yield and components of yield for maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis. The experiment was conducted in Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment used a completely randomized block factorial design (4 × 3) with four replications. Treatments for the first factor consisted of sowing maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis with four rates of N topdressing (0, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha−1) applied as urea. For the second factor were rates of K topdressing (0, 30 and 50 kg ha−1), applied in the form of potassium chloride. During at sowing fertilization was performed with of 30, 26 and 50 kg ha−1 of N, phosphorus and K, respectively. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, first ear height, stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, mass of 1,000 grains, grain yield. The results showed that application of N topdressing promoted increased grain yield of maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis until N rate of 85 kg ha−1. Isolated application of K did not influence the variables studied.

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Growth, yield and grain nutrients response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to biochar,lime and farmyard manure amendment of the croplands in southern Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.2.24567/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mekdes Lulu ◽

Bekele Lemma ◽

Legesse Hidoto

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Spike Length ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

Abstract Background: Soil fertility decline in agricultural land is due to intensive cropping system, shortening of the fallow period, reduced manure application, extensive use of crop residues as fuel or fodder and removal of ground cover. This study investigated the effect of biochar (BC), lime and farmyard manure (FYM) on growth, yield and grain nutrient of wheat on croplands at two sites in the southern Ethiopia.Result: Site significantly (P<0.05) influenced most growth parameters, yield and yield components, and grain nutrient concentration of wheat. The effects of BC, lime, and FYM were significant (p ≤ 0.001) on straw yield, grain yield, and total biomass. However, BC (5 t ha -1 ) produced the highest straw yield, grain yield and total biomass. The effects of BC, FYM and lime were significant (P < 0.001) on spike length and seed per spike. Similarly, BC and lime significantly (P < 0.001) affected plant height, number of total and productive tillers. BC (5 t ha -1 ) gave the highest plant height, total tillers and productive tillers, maximum number of seeds per spike,while FYM (10 t ha -1 ) produced the highest spike length. Biochar, FYM and lime significantly (p ≤0.001) affected thousand seed weight, but only BC had significant(p ≤0.001) effect on harvest index. Biochar (5 t ha -1 )and FYM (10 t ha -1 )produced the highest heaver thousand seed weight and the highest harvest index. Biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of P and K of wheat grain. On the other hand, the highest effect on grain Ca concentration was from the application of lime while the highest effect on grain N concentration was from the application FYM (10 t ha -1 ).Conclusion: The superior effect from BC was attributed to improvements in soil pH, CEC, nutrient availability and water retention. In general, the use of BC could be better option to soil amendment for wheat production on croplands of smallholder farmers.

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Phytomass and nutrient release in soybean cultivation systems under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1119-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽

Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽

Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho ◽

Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽

Priscilla Barros Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phytomass accumulation, soil cover, and nutrient cycling promoted by cultivation systems with annual and cover crops on the grain yield of soybean sown in succession in the Cerrado, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine cultivation systems and four replicates, in two crop seasons. In 2014/2015, forage grasses and legumes were evaluated, besides fallow treatments. In 2015/2016, forage and legume intercropped or not with corn or sunflower and fallow were assessed; the soybean crop was evaluated following cover crops. Phytomass, soil cover, and nutrient cycling provided by cultivation systems, as well as soybean mass and yield, were determined. Urochloa ruziziensis alone or intercropped, compared with the fallow systems, promotes significant increases in phytomass production, soil cover and nutrient cycling, with an increase in the grain yield of soybean planted in succession. N and K are the most accumulated nutrients in the aerial part of the cover crops and are released in larger quantities in the soil in the two years of evaluation. Crotalaria spectabilis promotes an increase in soybean yield in the 2015/2016 crop season, compared with U. ruziziensis, due to the synchronism between N release and uptake under no-tillage system.

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Variabilidad genética, fenotípica y correlaciones entre componentes de rendimiento de líneas de girasol (Helianthus annuus).

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v6i0.24823 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Alfredo Ortegón ◽

Artemio Escobedo

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Correlation Effects ◽

Vegetative Period

An experiment was conducted in August of 1991 under irrigated conditions at Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, in arder to observe the genetic and phenotypic variance, the direct and indirect correlation effects of six caracters on the grain yield of the 285, 386, 486, CM3 and VI sunflower lines, which are carriers of cytoplasmic mal e sterility. The results, of this group of lines, showed a high genetic variance in seed weight, plant height and reproductive periodo The characters of grain yield and oil content showed low genetic variance and low heritability, but a higher expected genetic adyance. The grain yield was high and positively correlated with the variables of head diameter, weight of 1000 seeds and vegetative period, but negatively to oil yield. The analysis of direct and indirect effects showed that the plant height, vegetative period and weight of 1000 seeds had a higher influence on the grain yield.

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Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v7i2.721 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1001-1005

Author(s):

Sushil Kumar ◽

Pooran Chand

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Plant Height ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Specific Combining Ability ◽

Fodder Yield ◽

Standard Heterosis ◽

100 Seed Weight

Forty five hybrids derived from a diallel mating design of ten parents and one standard check PUSA CHARI-121 were evaluated for general and specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf breadth and 100- seed weight of Sorghum bicolor. The mean square due to general and specific combining ability was significan for Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm),No of Leaves/plant, Leaf length (cm), Leaf width (cm), seed yield/plant (g), Fodder yield/plant (q/ha) and 100-seed weight (g) for all the characters. Both additive and non additive genetic effects were present in the material under study. However the ratio of σ2gca/ σ2sca suggested that the preponderance of non additive gene action in expression of all the characters under study. Out of the nine parents PUSA CHARI-121, PANT CHARI-4, MP CHARI, PANT CHARI-6 and PANT CHARI-5 identified as good general combiner for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant and other agronomical traits. The hybrid HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 and PANT CHARI-4 x PUSA CHARI-121 for grain yield/plant and hybrid MP CHARI x PANT CHARI-6, PANT CHARI-5 x SPV 1616 and HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 for dry fodder yield/plant exhibited higher magnitude of positive significant specific combining ability effect with highest standard heterosis and per se performance. These hybrids were also found suitable for two or three yield contributing traits. In general, close association between specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis was observed among the best hybrids identified on the basis of specific combining ability effects for grain and dry fodder yield.

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Evaluation of Performances of Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) Genotypes in Agronomy Farm of Lamjung Campus

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i3.18125 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 382-385

Author(s):

Chandan Bhattarai ◽

Dinesh Marasini ◽

Prabin Dawadi ◽

Sadkishya Aryal

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Pod Length ◽

The Given

Seed to seed production experiments for cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) was conducted at Agronomy farm at IAAS Lamjung, and to compare production potentialities of given cowpea genotypes under the given sets of conditions. The treatment consists of two cowpea varieties viz. Prakash (Standard Check) and Malepatan (Local check) and four genotypes; IT 99K-573-2-1, IT 86F-2062-5, IT 93K-452-1, IT 98K-205-8. The experiment was conducted on RCBD design. .All other activities were carried out according to prepared working calendar almost from August 2016 to December 2016. Data collection were done for pre-determined growth and other yield parameters and was analyzed using MSTAT. Major parameters were Grain yield, Seeds/plant, Pods/plant, plant height, pod length, harvest index and test weight. Result shows maximum grain yield and harvest index was found for Prakash (Standard Check).Plant height and Pods /Plant was found highest for IT 99K-573-2-1. Similarly highest seed weight was found for Prakash (Standard Check) and Seeds/Plant and Pod length was maximum for IT 86F-2062-5.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 382-385

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Effect of Tillage and Application Method on Corn (Zea mays) Response to Imidazolinone Residues in Soil

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043827 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Karen A. Renner ◽

Oliver Schabenberger ◽

James J. Kells

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Field Studies ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Cores ◽

Application Method ◽

Tillage System ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Moldboard Plow

Field studies on a sandy loam soil determined the influence of application method and rate and subsequent tillage on corn response to imazaquin and imazethapyr residues remaining in the soil. Imazaquin was applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) at 70, 140, and 280 g ai/ha and postemergence (POST) at 70 and 140 g/ha. Imazethapyr was applied PPI and PRE at 70, 105, and 140 g ai/ha and POST at 70 and 105 g/ha. Subsequent tillage included fall moldboard plowing followed by spring field cultivation, fall chisel plowing followed by spring field cultivation, and no tillage. Herbicide dissipation was determined by analyzing soil cores taken in the spring at the time of corn planting and by measuring corn height and grain yield. Imidazolinone residues were detected in only 1 of 2 yr. Imazaquin was detected more frequently than imazethapyr. Imazaquin concentrations in the upper 10 cm of soil 11 mo after a PPI application of 280 g/ha were 5, 6, and 7 ng/g of soil in moldboard plow, chisel, and no-tillage systems, respectively. Imazaquin (5 ng/g) was also detected in the 10–18-cm soil depth in the moldboard plow system. Corn height and grain yield were not reduced from imazaquin or imazethapyr, regardless of application method or rate in any tillage system.

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Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2016.1.1.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

R. K. Gupta ◽

V. K. Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Mean Value ◽

Mean Values ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Mean

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

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