scholarly journals Notes on the sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e596101422480
Author(s):  
Paula Fassicolo Variza ◽  
Thiago Nunes Pereira ◽  
Joice Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Millena Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Moreira de Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The family Psychodidae has a cosmopolitan distribution with members that occur in many habitats, mainly in humid environments, and is most diverse in the tropics. Subfamilies Sycoracinae and Phlebotominae have females with hematophagous habits and the latter studied more due to medical and veterinary interest, since it includes species that can transmit diseases to animals and humans. The knowledge about the sand fly fauna in a region is extremely important for adequate monitoring and control measures for leishmaniasis. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize Psychodidae fauna in relation to richness, abundance and molecular identification of Leishmania spp. in sand flies in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. The ollections were carried out between 2015 and 2016 in three cities in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples were taken near feeding places for domestic animals, urban forest and peridomicile areas. The insects were identified and female sand flies were submitted to molecular analysis to detect the presence of Leishmania spp.. A total of 4,200 insects were collected, 4,193 from the Sycoracinae subfamily and 7 Phlebotominae from the Nyssomyia neivai and Pintomyia fisheri species. Of the studied municipalities, sandflies were registered in Tubarão and Imaruí and the most frequent habitat was the peridomicile areas. No samples were positive for Leishmania spp. In conclusion, the work highlights the presence of two species of sandflies, which were recorded for the first time in southern Santa Catarina.

scholarly journals Impact of dams and irrigation schemes in Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) bionomics and malaria epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Sanchez-Ribas ◽  
Gabriel Parra-Henao ◽  
Anthony Érico Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anopheline Mosquitoes

Irrigation schemes and dams have posed a great concern on public health systems of several countries, mainly in the tropics. The focus of the present review is to elucidate the different ways how these human interventions may have an effect on population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes and hence, how local malaria transmission patterns may be changed. We discuss different studies within the three main tropical and sub-tropical regions (namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the Americas). Factors such as pre-human impact malaria epidemiological patterns, control measures, demographic movements, human behaviour and local Anopheles bionomics would determine if the implementation of an irrigation scheme or a dam will have negative effects on human health. Some examples of successful implementation of control measures in such settings are presented. The use of Geographic Information System as a powerful tool to assist on the study and control of malaria in these scenarios is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Ebola in Africa - Discoveries in the past decade

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Within the past decade, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) has been recognised for the first time in four countries. Our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and control measures for EHF has improved considerably as a result of the outbreaks in these countries and the re-emergence that has occurred in another. The coordinated international responses to several of the large EHF outbreaks serve as models for controlling epidemics of other communicable diseases. This report is a chronological overview of the EHF outbreaks in Africa during the past decade, including the recent epidemics in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, and highlights new discoveries and some of the remaining challenges.

DNA segments of African Swine Fever Virus detected for the first time in hard ticks from sheep and bovines

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Jinlong Bei ◽  
Xiufeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

In this study, we detected African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Dermacentor (Ixodidae) from sheep and bovines using small RNA sequencing. To validate this result, a 235-bp DNA segment was detected in a number of DNA samples from D. silvarum and sheep blood. This 235-bp segment had an identity of 99% to a 235-bp DNA segment of ASFV and contained three single nucleotide mutations (C38T, C76T and A108C). C38T, resulting in a single amino acid mutation G66D, suggests the existence of a new ASFV strain, which is different from all reported ASFV strains in the NCBI GenBank database and the ASFV strain (GenBank: MH713612.1) reported in China in 2018. To further confirm the existence of ASFV in Dermacentor ticks, three DNA segments of ASFV were detected in D. niveus females from bovines and their first generation ticks reared in our lab. These results also proved that transovarian transmission of ASFV occurs in hard ticks. This study revealed for the first time that ASFV has a wider range of hosts (e.g. sheep and bovines) and vectors (e.g. hard ticks), beyond the well-known Suidae family and Argasidae (soft ticks). Our findings pave the way toward further studies on ASFV transmission and the development of prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Morphological identification keys for adults of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharaka Wijerathna ◽  
Nayana Gunathilaka
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Control Programmes

Abstract Background Phlebotomine sand flies are a medically important group of insects that is responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis. Surveillance plays a major role in vector control programmes through exploring species abundance, potential entomological risk and designing appropriate control measures. In field surveillance programmes of such nature, morphological identification of vector species is of paramount importance. However, in Sri Lanka, there is no published taxonomic key available for the identification of leishmaniasis vectors. Method Identification keys for both male and females of the sand flies recorded in Sri Lanka were developed using morphological features. Main identification features were compared with the original observation of specimens collected from surveys and the use of published literature. Photographic illustrations of morphological features are included with the intention of making the keys user-friendly for non-taxonomists. Results A total of 22 sand fly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia reported in Sri Lanka from 1910 to 2019 are included in the present work. Conclusion This simplified key, along with photographs taken from specimens would be beneficial to the health staff, entomologists and research staff who deal with leishmaniasis control programmes and vector-related studies.

Wheel-Tooling Gap Measurement System for Conform™ Extrusion Machinery Based on a Capacitive Sensor

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Khawaja ◽  
L. Seneviratne ◽  
K. Althoefer
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Gap Measurement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Conform™ extrusion is a very versatile manufacturing process enabling the production of a wide range of extruded profiles. It is critical to maintain a precise predefined wheel-tooling gap for the efficient running of the Conform extrusion process and to maintain high product quality. However, this is a challenging task due to the hostile environment, high operating temperatures, and required accuracy. An accurate high-temperature gap measurement system for Conform extrusion machinery, using a capacitive sensing system, is developed in this study. The sensor is implemented in a copper Conform extrusion machine, and experimental results are presented, providing for the first time a detailed view of Conform Extrusion gap behavior during production. It is shown that the proposed gap-sensing and control system results in a number of advantages, including reduced machine setup times, reduced flash (waste) rates, and on-line monitoring and control of gap size. The research is carried out in collaboration with Holton Machinery Ltd., a leading manufacturer of Conform Extrusion machinery.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence Suggests That Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is Widely Associated With South American Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz ◽  
Luis Fernando Carvalho-Costa ◽  
José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig) is an endosymbiotic microorganism widespread among arthropods and other invertebrate hosts, and employed in strategies to reduce the incidence of arthropod-borne diseases. Here, we used a PCR-based approach for 16S RNA and wsp genes to investigate the prevalence, geographical distribution, and strains of Wolbachia in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the main vectors of the causative agents of leishmaniasis, from three biomes in Brazil: Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga. We found that: 1) Wolbachia DNA is present in most (66.7%) of the sampled sand fly species, including vectors of Leishmania spp. (Ross, Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), 2) the prevalence of Wolbachia DNA varies among species and populations, 3) some strains of Wolbachia may have wider geographical and host range in South America, and 4) two phylogenetic distinct wsp sequences might represent two novel strains for Wolbachia in South America sand flies. Those findings increase the basic knowledge about Wolbachia in South American sand flies and might foster further researches on its use to reduce the transmission of sand fly-borne parasites.

Evaluation of a dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriorixyfen insect repellent in dogs exposed to experimental infestations of sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis)

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (136) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Bruna Cerruti de Godoi ◽  
Sandra Fernandez ◽  
Paula Bandiera Leite ◽  
Sidimar Sossai ◽  
Leonardo Pinto Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Major Player ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
And Control

Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious zoonosis, and has a high incidence in Brazil. The ubiquitous presence of sand flies is a major player in the high incidence of leishmaniasis in urban areas of Brazil. Prevention and control or canine leishmaniasis is important to decrease the incidence of the zoonosis. Control is done with topical use of products with antiparasitic, repellent and insecticide action. This study evaluated the repellent efficacy of line-on application of a topical permethrin-dinotefuran-pyriproxyfen formulation in dogs. Six dogs were treated with the product and six did not receive treatment. All dogs were sedated and exposed to sand flies of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis weekly for 28 days. The result showed that the product had an efficacy of 90.4% in repelling sand flies. There was statistical significance (p ≤ 0,05) difference in the number (mean) of live engorged sand fly females between the two groups in all evaluations. The product showed repellent efficacy against Lutzomyia longipalpis for 28 days.

RELATO DE OCORRÊNCIA E METODOLOGIAS UTILIZADAS PARA MONITORAMENTO E CONTROLE DE PISSODES CASTANEUS (DE GEER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) PRAGAS DE PINUS SPP. Report of occurrence and methodologies used for monitoring and control of Pissodes castaneus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) plagues of Pinus sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Daniele Ukan ◽  
Pablo Georgio De Souza ◽  
Nilton José Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
And Control

Com o advento da globalização e o crescimento do comércio internacional se tornando uma realidade, grandes quantidades de mercadorias passaram a circular pelo mundo e hoje são disponibilizadas em diversos países. Contudo, os meios de transportes que viabilizam tais atividades também colaboram para a disseminação de pragas e doenças. O cumprimento das normas internacionais de medidas de controle para a não proliferação de pragas nem sempre é respeitado e, junto das mercadorias, diversas pragas e doenças adentram países e causam prejuízos às culturas de interesse locais. O besouro Pissodes castaneus tem o potencial de causar perdas econômicas aos povoamentos de Pinus spp., fazendo-se necessário a criação de mecanismos de resistência a essa praga. Foram instalados experimentos nos municípios de Campo Alegre e Joinville no Estado de Santa Catarina, em povoamentos de Pinus spp. em áreas da empresa “Comfloresta” do grupo Brascan. Três tipos de armadilhas foram testados com a finalidade de monitorar e controlar a praga. Para este experimento, a árvore armadilha foi considerada o melhor tratamento, pois foi altamente atacada pelo P. castaneus em número de insetos, quando comparado com os toretes. O melhor resultado para os tratamentos com os toretes foi o que não fez uso de parafina, numa proporção de ataque de P. castaneus de 75% sem parafina para 25% com parafina.

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