scholarly journals New insights on severe clinical manifestations and deaths from visceral leishmaniasis in free-living crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e108101622869
Author(s):  
Mylena Adriele Dias da Silva ◽  
Matheus Resende Oliveira ◽  
Sofia Cerqueira Schettino ◽  
Igo Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Manuel Benicio Oliveira Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Hematological Alterations ◽  
Extracellular Amastigotes

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic and severe neglected tropical disease, with worldwide distribution, that still cause many deaths among dogs and humans. Brazil is the country responsible for about 97% of the cases of leishmaniasis in the Americas and the disease is still considered a serious public health concern. Among wild mammalians, studies demonstrate the involvement of Cerdocyon thous in the biological cycle of Leishmania. Nevertheless, several authors consider the clinical manifestation of the disease to be rare or mild in free-living animals. Herein, we demonstrate the occurrence of severe clinical sings and deaths caused by VL in free-living crab-eating foxes. Three specimens of foxes collected from periurban areas were diagnosed with VL. The animals presented cutaneous, ophthalmological, gastrointestinal, locomotor and hematological alterations, and died after clinical progression. We identified the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies by immunochromatographic test in all specimens. We also observed intra and extracellular amastigotes in skin cytology and lymph node aspirate. Furthermore, Leishmania infantum DNA was identified in all samples by the polymer chain reaction technique. Additionally, we performed blood count and stool parasitological tests and observed hematological disorders common to VL, such as anemia and lymphopenia. Taken together, our data demonstrate that VL can induce clinical complications and even cause death in C. thous and corroborate that this crab-eating fox is an adequate host for L. infantum.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of Hemolivia mauritanica, Ehrlichia spp. and the Endosymbiont Candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii in Hyalomma aegyptium Infesting Testudo graeca Tortoises from Doha, Qatar

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Patrícia F. Barradas ◽  
Clara Lima ◽  
Luís Cardoso ◽  
Irina Amorim ◽  
Fátima Gärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Organ System Failure ◽  
Midichloria Mitochondrii

Tick-borne agents constitute a growing concern for human and animal health worldwide. Hyalomma aegyptium is a hard tick with a three-host life cycle, whose main hosts for adults are Palearctic tortoises of genus Testudo. Nevertheless, immature ticks can feed on a variety of hosts, representing an important eco-epidemiological issue regarding H. aegyptium pathogens circulation. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks are vectors and/or reservoirs of various pathogenic agents, such as Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia and Hepatozoon/Hemolivia. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are emergent tick-borne bacteria with a worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential, responsible for diseases that cause clinical manifestations that grade from acute febrile illness to a fulminant disease characterized by multi-organ system failure, depending on the species. Babesia and Hepatozoon/Hemolivia are tick-borne parasites with increasing importance in multiple species. Testudo graeca tortoises acquired in a large animal market in Doha, Qatar, were screened for a panel of tick-borne pathogens by conventional PCR followed by bidirectional sequencing. The most prevalent agent identified in ticks was Hemolivia mauritanica (28.6%), followed by Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii (9.5%) and Ehrlichia spp. (4.7%). All samples were negative for Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. Overall, 43% of the examined adult ticks were infected with at least one agent. Only 4.7% of the ticks appeared to be simultaneously infected with two agents, i.e., Ehrlichia spp. and H. mauritanica. This is the first detection of H. mauritanica, Ehrlichia spp. and Candidatus M. mitochondrii in H. aegyptium ticks collected from pet spur-thighed tortoises, in Qatar, a fact which adds to the geographical extension of these agents. The international trade of Testudo tortoises carrying ticks infected with pathogens of veterinary and medical importance deserves strict control, in order to reduce potential exotic diseases.

BONE MARROW PROFILE IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN YEMENI PATIENS

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Saeed Thabet Nasher ◽  
Fayed Alyousufy ◽  
Khaled Alkubati ◽  
Sadam Al Halimy ◽  
Ramia Al Athwary
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorder ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Hematological Diseases ◽  
Age Related

There is paucity of information about the prevalence of hematological disorders in Yemen and neighboring countries .This is the rst project to evaluate the relative spectrum of hematological diseases in Taiz and Ibb governorate Yemen ,by method of bone marrow examination which is considered an important valuable diagnostic tool, for evaluation and nal diagnosis of various hematological and non-hematological disorders especially when CBC and peripheral blood lm study and other investigation failed to give a diagnosis . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of haematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination in Taiz and IBB governorates Yemen between September 2016 and October 2020 .Patients and method : A total of 1108 patients aged between (1 -100 )years old were evaluated by bone marrow examination at referral hematological center in IBB city Yemen . Relevant investigations were performed when needed. After exclusion of 98 patients with normal bone marrow ndings ,a total of 1010 patients had hematological disorders , and their data were analyzed. There were 527 (52.2 %) males and 483(47.8 %) females . A total of 655(64.9%) patients had benign hematological diseases and 355 (35.1% ) patients had malignant hematological diseases . RESULTS :A total of 138 patients had Iron deciency anemia ,107 had immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) , 92 had hypersplenism,84 had Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ,79 had Acute myeloid leukaemia, 71 had megaloblastic anemia 58 had myeloproliferative disorder , 53 had Chronic myeloid leukemia , 45 had hemolytic anemia ,45had visceral leishmaniasis. 44 had malaria, 38 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia 38 had anemia of chronic disease ,25 had aplastic anemia ,25 had myelodysplastic syndromes, ,21 had anemia of infection ,19 had congenital syndroms,7had multiple myeloma ,6 had mixed deciency anemia and 5 had metastatic deposits , 4 had myeloid leukomoid reaction ,4 had lymphoma inltration and 2 had hairy cell leukemia . Sex- and age-related distribution of the various disorders was also presented. CONCLUSION: The anemias of all types were the most frequently encountered diagnosis followed by acute and chronic leukemias , ITP , Hypersplenism , ,myeloproliferative disorder , visceral leishmaniasis , malaria, myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital syndromes respectively. The other haematological disorders were less common. These ndings are comparable with published data in previous studies done in Yemen and other developing countries

scholarly journals First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Paiva de Campos ◽  
Denise Amaro da Silva ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
Artur Augusto Mendes Velho Júnior ◽  
Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Canine Diseases

In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused byLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and its main vector isLutzomyia longipalpis. Cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. The objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of CVL that occurred in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and the scientific community to the expansion of this important zoonosis and advising veterinary practitioners on how to deal with a suspicion of CVL. Canine visceral leishmaniasis can be misdiagnosed within a broad spectrum of canine diseases based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, knowledge of its clinical manifestations, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests and parasitological procedures are of the utmost importance for rapid confirmation and notification of a case, thus contributing directly to the control of a focus.

scholarly journals Early Clinical Manifestations Associated with Death from Visceral Leishmaniasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de Araújo ◽  
Maria Helena Franco Morais ◽  
Ilka Afonso Reis ◽  
Ana Rabello ◽  
Mariângela Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations

scholarly journals Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study on clinical manifestations, demographic features and laboratory findings of hospitalised cases in Iran between 2006 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh Nourian ◽  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Saleheh Tajali ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Features

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease. Our retrospective study describes 38 clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VL in patients admitted to a paediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, who came from different geographical regions, indicating that the disease has spread to most parts of the country. Some 76.3% of the children documented suffered with symptoms of the disease for two months before admission.

scholarly journals Perinatal listeriosis patients treated at a maternity hospital in Beijing, China, from 2013-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyun Li ◽  
Huihui Zeng ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background: Listeriosis is a rare but severe foodborne infectious disease. Perinatal listeriosis is often associated with septicemia, central nervous system (CNS) infection, and serious adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage and neonate death). Here we report the characteristics and outcomes of perinatal listeriosis cases treated over 6 years at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital (BOGH), the largest maternity hospital in China. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of laboratory-confirmed, pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases treated from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. The clinical manifestations, laboratory results, perinatal complications and outcomes (post-natal follow-up of 6 months) were investigated. Results: In BOGH, 12 perinatal listeriosis cases were diagnosed based on Listeria monocytogenes positive culture, including 10 single pregnancies and 2 twin pregnancies. The corresponding incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis was 13.7/100,000 deliveries. Among those cases, four pregnant women and four newborns had septicemia, and two of the neonates with septicemia also suffered CNS infection. All the maternal patients recovered. Two inevitable miscarriages and four fetal stillbirths occurred. Of the eight delivered newborns, six survived, and two died within 2 days from birth. None of the survivors had neurological sequelae during a 6-month follow-up. The overall feto-neonatal fatality rate was 57.1%; notably, this rate was 100% for infections occurring during the second trimester of pregnancy and only 14.3% for those occurring in the third trimester. Conclusions: Perinatal listeriosis is associated with high feto-neonatal mortality, and thus, a public health concern. Additional large-scale studies are needed to strengthen the epidemiological understanding of listeriosis in China.

scholarly journals Development and Clinical Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for the Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Moreira de Avelar ◽  
Débora Moreira Carvalho ◽  
Ana Rabello
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered a major public health concern in Brazil and several regions of the world. A recent advance in the diagnosis of infectious diseases was the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new LAMP assay for detection of K26 antigen-coding gene of L. donovani complex. A total of 219 blood samples of immunocompetent patients, including 114 VL cases and 105 non-VL cases, were analyzed for the diagnosis of VL in the present study. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated against a combination of parasitological and/or serological tests as a reference standard. The results were compared to those of kDNA Leishmania-PCR. The detection limit for the K26-Lamp assay was 1fg L. infantum purified DNA and 100 parasites/mL within 60 min of amplification time with visual detection for turbidity. The assay was specific for L. donovani complex. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 98.2%, 98.1%, and 98.2%, respectively, for K26-LAMP and 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for kDNA Leishmania-PCR. Excellent agreement was observed between K26-LAMP and kDNA Leishmania-PCR assays (K = 0.96). A highly sensitive and specific LAMP assay targeting K26 antigen-coding gene of L. donovani complex was developed for diagnosis in peripheral blood samples of VL patients.

Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane V Lopes ◽  
Erika M Michalsky ◽  
Nathalia C L Pereira ◽  
Adão J V de Paula ◽  
Fabiana O Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1287-1305
Author(s):  
Elaheh Kordzadeh-Kermani ◽  
Hossein Khalili ◽  
Iman Karimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Aim: Despite the similarities in the pathogenesis of the beta coronaviruses, the precise infective mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Objective: In this review, we aim to focus on the proposed theories behind the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the clinical complications related to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a literature search in Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the relevant articles regarding clinical complications and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Results: Related articles were included and discussed. Conclusion: Respiratory system and the lungs are the most commonly involved sites of COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems are involved with different frequencies and degrees of severity.

scholarly journals The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hozhabri ◽  
Francesca Piceci Sparascio ◽  
Hamidreza Sohrabi ◽  
Leila Mousavifar ◽  
René Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Over the past two decades, there have been two major outbreaks where the crossover of animal Betacoronaviruses to humans has resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019, a global public health concern started with the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) which has rapidly spread all over the world from its origin in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes human SARS-CoV, MERS and two other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. The fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower than the two previous coronavirus epidemics, but it is faster spreading and the large number of infected people with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness, showed SARS-CoV-2 to be highly contagious. Based on the current published evidence, herein we summarize the origin, genetics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, preventions, diagnosis and up to date treatments of SARS-CoV-2 infections in comparison with those caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, the possible impact of weather conditions on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to reconsider the two previous pandemics and provide a reference for future studies as well as therapeutic approaches.

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