scholarly journals Phytotherapeutic agents on anxiety control in dentistry: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e199101623528
Author(s):  
Camila Soares Lopes ◽  
Suellen de Azevedo Moreira ◽  
Marcela de Come Ramos ◽  
Naiana Viana Viola
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Anxiety Control ◽  
Passiflora Incarnata ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The aim of this work is to review the literature on the use of herbal medicines to control dental anxiety. For this purpose, articles were searched in the databases ScienceDirect, Pubmed and The Cochrane Library. 57 articles were included in this study. The research evidence points to Valeriana officinalis and Passiflora incarnata as the most studied herbal medicines for the control of anxiety, and their adverse effects are also investigated. Studies prove the relative safety of these medications, as well as their effectiveness, low cost, lower concentration of active ingredients with better effects and fewer side effects when compared to benzodiazepines. The use of these medicinal plants requires further clarification as to their real effectiveness, correct dosage and side effects in conscious sedation in Dentistry.

Natural Phytochemicals and Their Therapeutic Role in Management of Several Diseases: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin R. Shirsath ◽  
Ajaygiri K. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Biological Source ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Activity Mechanism ◽  
Natural Medicines

Introduction: These days, a lot of people face some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional synthetic medicine is not effective enough to cure them alone. The conventional therapy for the management of these health-related issues involves the use of hazardous synthetic chemicals and surgical diagnosis, which have lots of serious side effects. It is necessary to conduct research on herbal medicines, this is an alternative approach to avoid the side effects of synthetic medicines to achieve high effectiveness, low cost and improve patient compliance. Methods: The present survey is an analysis of some of the available data on the use of plants with their biological source, active phytochemicals constituents and a probable activity/ mechanism of action of several classes of drugs. This work also focused on highlighting the advantages of natural medicines for maximum utilization. Results: This article aims to increase awareness about natural medicine and help people find a suitable herbal medicine for the treatment of specific diseases. Conclusion: This article also exhibits the scope for further process in the development of new natural substance for the management of several diseases.

scholarly journals Reflections on melatonin: focus on child mental health

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole Famuyiwa ◽  
Abiodun Adewuya
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Library Resource ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aims and MethodTo examine the propriety of the use of melatonin in child and adolescent psychiatry based on findings retrieved from multiple electronic databases including the Cochrane Library resource, covering 1950–2007.ResultsThere is evidence for the effectiveness of melatonin in the initiation of sleep in children with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders but its value in improving quality of sleep is doubtful. Like hormones in general, melatonin has multifarious action sites and hence potential for many side-effects. Posological issues and long-term side-effects are yet to be validly determined.Clinical ImplicationsSleep hygiene should be a major component of the routine intervention programme for insomnia and melatonin judiciously prescribed until the safety of long-term use is known.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pajaree Sriuttha ◽  
Buntitabhon Sirichanchuen ◽  
Unchalee Permsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used medication in several countries, including Thailand. NSAIDs have been associated with hepatic side effects; however, the frequency of these side effects is uncertain. Aim of the Review. To systematically review published literature on randomized, controlled trials that assessed the risk of clinically significant hepatotoxicity associated with NSAIDs. Methods. Searches of bibliographic databases EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were conducted up to July 30, 2016, to identify randomized controlled trials of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, piroxicam, meloxicam, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, celecoxib, and etoricoxib in adults with any disease that provide information on hepatotoxicity outcomes. Results. Among the 698 studies, 18 studies met the selection criteria. However, only 8 studies regarding three NSAIDs (celecoxib, etoricoxib, and diclofenac) demonstrated clinically significant hepatotoxic evidence based on hepatotoxicity justification criteria. Of all the hepatotoxicity events found from the above-mentioned three NSAIDs, diclofenac had the highest proportion, which ranged from 0.015 to 4.3 (×10−2), followed by celecoxib, which ranged from 0.13 to 0.38 (×10−2), and etoricoxib, which ranged from 0.005 to 0.930 (×10−2). Conclusion. Diclofenac had higher rates of hepatotoxic evidence compared to other NSAIDs. Hepatotoxic evidence is mostly demonstrated as aminotransferase elevation, while liver-related hospitalization or discontinuation was very low.

scholarly journals TL 18142 - The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽  
pp. 91S
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Stéfani ◽  
Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira ◽  
Davi Podestá Haje ◽  
Mônica Paschoal Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ponseti Method ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Idiopathic Clubfoot ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Congenital Clubfoot ◽  
Walking Age ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Introduction: The prevalence of untreated congenital clubfoot among children older than walking age is higher in developing countries due to limited resources for early care after birth. The Ponseti method represents an interventional option for older, untreated children.  Methods: A metanalysis was conducted of observational studies selected through a systematic review of articles included in electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, and the Cochrane Library) until June 2017. A pooling analysis of proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a publication bias assessment were performed as routine. Estimates of success, recurrence, and complication rates were weighted and pooled using the random effects model.  Results: Twelve studies, including 654 feet diagnosed with congenital clubfoot in children older than walking age (older than 1 year old), were included for analysis. The rate of satisfactory outcomes found via a cluster metanalysis of proportions using the random effects model was 89% (95% CI = 0.82-0.94, p < 0.01) relative to the total analyzed. The recurrence rate was 18% (95% CI = 0.14-0.24, p = 0.015), and the rate of casting complications was 7% (95% CI = 0.03-0.15, p = 0.19).  Conclusion: Application of the Ponseti method in children with untreated idiopathic clubfoot older than walking age leads to satisfactory outcomes, has a low cost, and avoids surgical procedures that are likely to cause complications. The obtained results exhibited considerable heterogeneity

scholarly journals The Use of Herbal Medicines for the Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Tianhao Ying ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Fenghua Fu
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Plant Sources

Glucocorticoids are drugs that are widely used to suppress inflammation and the activation of the immune system. However, the prolonged use or at high doses of glucocorticoid can result in adverse side effects including osteoporosis, bone loss, and an increased risk of fracture. A number of compounds derived from natural plant sources have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity by interacting with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), likely owing to their chemical similarity to glucocorticoids, or by regulating GR, without a concomitant risk of treatment-related side effects such as osteoporosis. Other herbal compounds can counteract the pathogenic processes underlying glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) by regulating homeostatic bone metabolic processes. Herein, we systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases to identify articles discussing such compounds published as of May 01, 2021. Compounds reported to exert anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid-like activity without inducing GIOP include escin, ginsenosides, and glycyrrhizic acid, while compounds reported to alleviate GIOP by improving osteoblast function or modulating steroid hormone synthesis include tanshinol and icariin.

scholarly journals Surgery for tennis elbow: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Bateman ◽  
Chris Littlewood ◽  
Beth Rawson ◽  
Amol A. Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Surgical Trial ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background There is no consensus on the most suitable treatment for tennis elbow but, in the USA, surgical intervention is increasing despite a lack of supportive research evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a balanced update based on all relevant published randomized controlled trials conducted to date. Methods An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, AMED, PsycINFO, HBE, HMIC, PubMed, TRIP, Dynamed Plus and The Cochrane Library was complemented by hand searching. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and data were synthesized narratively, based on levels of evidence, as a result of heterogeneity. Results Twelve studies of poor methodological quality were included. The available data suggest that surgical interventions for tennis elbow are no more effective than nonsurgical and sham interventions. Surgical technique modifications may enhance effectiveness compared to traditional methods but have not been tested against a placebo. Conclusions Current research evidence suggests that surgery for tennis elbow is no more effective than nonsurgical treatment based on evidence with significant methodological limitations. Given the recalcitrant nature of tennis elbow for some patients, further research in the form of a high-quality placebo-controlled surgical trial with an additional conservative arm is required to usefully inform clinical practice.

scholarly journals IMMUNOMODULATOR ACTIVITY OF MANGIFERIN FROM MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
YACHI QURRATA AYUNI LUBAKISAR ◽  
FITRA FAUZIAH ◽  
REZLIE BELLATASIE
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Cancer is a disease that is causing an increase in mortality all over the world. Cancer treatment is expensive and has a variety of side effects. Natural compound treatment is an attempt to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy. Mangiferin is a natural compound with anticancer and immunomodulatory activity. The immunomodulatory activity of mangiferin from mango (Mangifera indica L.) in cancer was discussed in this article. The literature used in this review was obtained from several databases, including the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and the Wiley Online Library, for articles published over the last ten years. Mangiferin influenced anticancer activity by inhibiting NF-κB, affects the regulation of -catenin, EMT, MMP2, MMP9, LDH, NO, ROS, and inhibits classical macrophages activation. Mangiferin has an immunomodulatory effect that can be developed as a candidate drug for anticancer therapy.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Borrás ◽  
Isabel Martínez-Solís ◽  
José Luis Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The Cochrane Library

AbstractSleep disorders are common among the general population and can generate health problems such as insomnia and anxiety. In addition to standard drugs and psychological interventions, there are different complementary plant-based therapies used to treat insomnia and anxiety. This review aimed to find and examine the most recent research on the use of herbal medicines for treating anxiety and insomnia as compiled from clinical trials, as well as to assess the safety and efficacy of these medicines and to elucidate their possible mechanisms of action. The process entailed a search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases from 2010 to 2020. The search terms included “sleep disorder”, “insomnia”, “sedative”, “hypnotic”, “anxiety”, “anxiolytic”, and “clinical trial”, combined with the search terms “herbs” and “medicinal plants”, in addition to individual herbal medicines by both their common and scientific names. This updated review, which focuses mainly on clinical trials, includes research on 23 medicinal plants and their combinations. Essential oils and their associations have also been reviewed. The efficacy of medicinal plants depends on treatment duration, types of study subjects, administration route, and treatment method. More clinical trials with an adequate, standardized design are necessary, as are more preclinical studies to continue studying the mechanisms of action. As a result of our work, we can conclude that the 3 plants with the most potential are valerian, passionflower, and ashwagandha, with the combination of valerian with hops and passionflower giving the best results in the clinical tests.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Maja Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Claudia Palumbo ◽  
Olivier Andlauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Career ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjectivesTo understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search.ResultsWe identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding.ConclusionsAction is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.

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