scholarly journals Antimalarial potential of quinones isolated from plants: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e38210212507
Author(s):  
Antonio Rafael Quadros Gomes ◽  
Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido ◽  
Valdicley Vieira Vale ◽  
Juliana Correa-Barbosa ◽  
Sandro Percário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Antimalarial Treatment ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Antimalarial treatment is often associated with the resistance developed by Plasmodium which generate ineffective drug treatment. Based on this, the search for therapeutic alternatives is necessary and urgent. This review intends to assess the antimalarial potential of quinones isolated from plants. The search for scientific articles was carried out on the CAPES Journal Portal (PPC), Virtual Health Library (VHL), PUBMED, NCBI and SCIELO, using the following descriptors: quinones and antimalarials. Inclusion criteria were adopted based on studies about quinones isolated from plants and tested against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. The exclusion criteria were based mainly on articles that tested extracts, fractions and synthesis of quinones obtained from plants and other natural products. A total of 1344 publications were collected for screening (PPC = 5, VHL = 248, PUBMED = 525, NCBI = 462 and SCIELO = 94). From this total, 1280 articles were excluded, with only 64 articles selected for full reading. All benzoquinones were active against P. falciparum. Naphthoquinones were active, inactive and moderately active against the P. falciparum e P berghei. Anthraquinones and anthrones were active and moderately active against P. falciparum. The naphthoquinone 2-acetylnaphtho- [2,3b] -furan-4,9-dione was the most active of all the molecules tested against Plasmodium. Whereas lapachol was the most studied naphthoquinone and structural changes do not seem to contribute to the activity. In summary, quinones are promising as antimalarials, however, need in vivo studies.

Effect of Solanun nudum Extracts on the Liver of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Echeverri Marcela ◽  
Blair Silvia ◽  
Carmona Jaime ◽  
Pérez Pilar
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Liver Changes

The plant Solanum nudum has been used by the community of Tumaco (Nariño, Colombia) as a cure for malaria. Our group has confirmed the in vitro antimalarial activity against the strain of Plasmodium falciparum FCB-2. During our in vivo studies on the therapeutic effect of Solanum nudum extracts on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, we observed yellowish tint in the palms of mice treated with the aqueous extract via ip at a concentration of 2.4% w/vol. This findings suggested the need to carry out a histology study of the liver. Plasmodium berghei infection produces liver changes such as the deposit of pigment inn sinusoids, leucocytes infiltration, esteatosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. These changes were also observed when the mice were treated with methane and hexane extracts from Solanum nudum; however necrosis of hepatocytes in mice infected with malaria decreased 47–65% when they were administered wither with queous extract, or tumacoside A and degraded diosgenone, compounds from methane and hexane extracts of Solanum nudum respectively.

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

Adverse Effects of Natural Products: A Brief Pre-Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pires ◽  
Ana Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Natural products are commonly used for treating health problems. These products may be associated with adverse events, which are defined as "noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product" by the European Medicine Agency. Objectives: To identify studies describing at least one adverse event (or with potential to promote an adverse event) related to the use of natural products, as well as to describe the involved product(s) and adverse event(s). Methods: A pre-systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Keywords: "natural product(s)" and ["adverse drug reaction(s)" or "adverse effect(s)"]. Screened databases: PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: papers describing at least one adverse event associated with the use of natural products and published between 2017 and 2019. Exclusion criteria: Repeated studies, reviews and papers written in other languages than English, Portuguese, French or Spanish. Results: 104 studies were identified (20 PubMed; 0 SciELO; 2 DOAJ; 82 Google Scholar), but only 10 were selected (4 PubMed and 6 Google Scholar): 1 in-vitro study; 2 non-clinical studies, 1 study reporting in-vitro and clinical data and 5 studies were cases reports. Globally, 997 reports of adverse drug reactions with natural products were identified, mainly non-severe cases. Conclusion: Since a limited number of studies was found, we conclude that adverse events due to natural products may be underreported, or natural products may have a good safety profile. This review contributes for assuring the safety of natural products consumers, by evaluating the knowledge/information on the potential adverse events and interactions of these products.

scholarly journals The Use of Fluorescent Anti-CEA Antibodies to Label, Resect and Treat Cancers: A Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Michael A. Turner ◽  
Thinzar M. Lwin ◽  
Siamak Amirfakhri ◽  
Hiroto Nishino ◽  
Robert M. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Review Article ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Tumor Margins ◽  
Cancer Types

A major barrier to the diagnosis and effective treatment of solid-tumor cancers is the difficulty in detection and visualization of tumor margins in primary and metastatic disease. The use of fluorescence can augment the surgeon’s ability to detect cancer and aid in its resection. Several cancer types express carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) including colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancer. Antibodies to CEA have been developed and tagged with near-infrared fluorescent dyes. This review article surveyed the use of CEA antibodies conjugated to fluorescent probes for in vivo studies since 1990. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were queried, and 900 titles and abstracts were screened. Fifty-nine entries were identified as possibly meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria and were reviewed in full. Forty articles were included in the review and their citations were screened for additional entries. A total of 44 articles were included in the final review. The use of fluorescent anti-CEA antibodies has been shown to improve detection and resection of tumors in both murine models and clinically. The cumulative results indicate that fluorescent-conjugated anti-CEA antibodies have important potential to improve cancer diagnosis and surgery. In an emerging technology, anti-CEA fluorescent antibodies have also been successfully used for photoimmunotherapy treatment for cancer.

scholarly journals Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Insights for Improved Therapeutic Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Stevens ◽  
Michael J. Wallace ◽  
Mona El Refaey ◽  
Jason D. Roberts ◽  
Sara N. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fatty Replacement ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder characterized by structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities, including myocardial fibro-fatty replacement. Its pathological ventricular substrate predisposes subjects to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). ACM is a notorious cause of SCD in young athletes, and exercise has been documented to accelerate its progression. Although the genetic culprits are not exclusively limited to the intercalated disc, the majority of ACM-linked variants reside within desmosomal genes and are transmitted via Mendelian inheritance patterns; however, penetrance is highly variable. Its natural history features an initial “concealed phase” that results in patients being vulnerable to malignant arrhythmias prior to the onset of structural changes. Lack of effective therapies that target its pathophysiology renders management of patients challenging due to its progressive nature, and has highlighted a critical need to improve our understanding of its underlying mechanistic basis. In vitro and in vivo studies have begun to unravel the molecular consequences associated with disease causing variants, including altered Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Characterization of ACM mouse models has facilitated the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. Improved molecular insight into the condition promises to usher in novel forms of therapy that will lead to improved care at the clinical bedside.

scholarly journals Effect of Resveratrol on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Diabetic Retinophathy: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario D. Toro ◽  
Katarzyna Nowomiejska ◽  
Teresio Avitabile ◽  
Robert Rejdak ◽  
Sarah Tripodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Full Text Review

A large number of preclinical studies suggest the involvement of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of eye diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that resveratrol influences many pathways of in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic retinopathy through a systematic literature review of original articles. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of all original articles published until April 2019 was performed. The terms “resveratrol” in combination with “retina”, “retinal pathology”, “diabetic retinopathy” and “eye” were searched. Possible biases were identified with the adopted SYRCLE’s tool. Eighteen articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text review. Eleven of them included in vitro experiments, 11 studies reported in vivo data and 3 studies described both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Most of the in vivo studies did not include data that would allow exclusion of bias risks, according to SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of resveratrol in models of diabetic retinopathy. However, results on its anti-angiogenic effects are contradictory and need more rigorous studies.

scholarly journals The Influence of Eggshell on Bone Regeneration in Preclinical In Vivo Studies

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Horia Opris ◽  
Cristian Dinu ◽  
Mihaela Baciut ◽  
Grigore Baciut ◽  
Ileana Mitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Grafting Materials

The aim of this study is to systemically review the available evidence on the in vivo behavior of eggshell as a guided bone regeneration substitute material. Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE) were searched up to October 2020. In vivo animal studies with a bone defect model using eggshell as a grafting material were included. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE tool and the quality assessment using the ARRIVE guidelines. Overall, a total of 581 studies were included in the study, 187 after duplicate removal. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria 167 records were further excluded. The full text of the remaining 20 articles was assessed for eligibility and included in the qualitative and quantitative assessment synthesis. There were different methods of obtaining eggshell grafting materials. Eggshell is a biocompatible grafting material, with osteoconduction proprieties. It forms new bone similar to Bio-Oss and demineralized freeze-dried bone matrix. It can be combined with other materials to enhance its proprieties. Due to the high variability of the procedures, animals, production and assessment methods, no meta-analysis could be performed. Eggshell might be considered a promising biomaterial to be used in bone grafting procedures, though further research is needed.

Antimalarial Activity of Phenazines from Lapachol, β-Lapachone and Its Derivatives Against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo.

ChemInform ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter F. de Andrade-Neto ◽  
Marilia O. F. Goulart ◽  
Jorge F. da Silva Filho ◽  
Matuzalem J. da Silva ◽  
Maria do Carmo F. R. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity
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