Electrochemical behavior of stainless steel alloys used for medical and dental applications as a function of exposure to 0.9% NaCl and sterilization

This study evaluated the effect of disinfection procedures and exposure to 0.9% NaCl solution cycles during sterilization, on the electrochemical, physical and chemical properties of different stainless steel alloys used in the biomedical field. Discs of F899 XM16, F899 303, and F899 420B alloys were cleaned with enzymatic detergent followed by 20 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Electrochemical tests were performed including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.9% NaCl (n=5). Surface characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and surface roughness and microhardness both before and after the electrochemical test. Quantitative data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of the alloys did not present statistical differences. The capacitance values of the three oxide layers, polarization resistance, and impedance of Warburg were similar among the alloys. Considering the topography, surface roughness increased for all alloys in the post-corrosion period. The stainless steel alloys analyzed were negatively affected at the electrochemical behavior, corrosion kinetics, and surface characterization after the 0.9% NaCl solution and the autoclave sterilization cycles, confirming the need for regular exchanges of surgical instruments and drills used in medical and dental implantology.

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Electrochemical Properties of Passive Film Formed on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in a Chloride Medium

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/3230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 884-890

Author(s):

Renata B. Soares ◽

Wagner R.C. Campos ◽

Pedro L. Gastelois ◽

Waldemar A.A. Macedo ◽

Luís F.P. Dick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Passive Film ◽

Electrochemical Behavior ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Passive Layer ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Pitting Potential

The electrochemical behavior and the electronic properties of passive films formed on a super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) used in oil and gas industries were investigated in aqueous 0.6 M and 2.1 M NaCl solutions with additions of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH 4.5). Open-circuit potential transients, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured to characterize the passive film formed on SMSS. The electrochemical behavior of the steel in an aqueous solution of 0.6 M NaCl presented the highest pitting potential and the highest polarization resistance in relation to the NaCl/NaAc solution. The passive film of SMSS in an aqueous solution of NaCl presented a thickness of 18.40 nm, three times the thickness of the oxide film in NaCl/NaAc, and consisted of FeO, Cr2O3, MoO2, and spinels such as FeCr2O4 species that are a p-type semiconductor, but may also contain a small fraction of the Fe2O3 and MoO3 oxides. Additionally, it was shown that the passive layer after immersion in a saline solution also contains hydroxides such as FeOOH and Cr(OH)3.

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Electrochemical Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Stainless Steel

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a1064.1291s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1S4) ◽

pp. 892-895

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Electrochemical Behavior ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Corrosion Potential ◽

Coated Sample ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Polarization Studies ◽

Characterization Studies ◽

Plasma Sprayed

The effect of electrochemical behavior of plasma sprayed NiCr–Cr2O3 (80:20) and Al2O3– 40% TiO2 as coating on stainless steel 316L were investigated. The polarization studies were carried out in 1.0M H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl solution as a corrosive medium. The corrosion potential is more positive in the coated sample and gives good corrosion resistance when compared to bare sample. The surface characterization studies were carried out through electron microscope attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was found that intergranular attack and pitting corrosion takes place in the sample exposed in 1.0M H2SO4 and large crater was found in the sample exposed in 3.5% NaCl solution.

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Effect of immersion time at the stainless steel 304L/NaCl (0.01 M) interface

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering ◽

10.5599/jese.639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 99-111

Author(s):

Wejdene Mastouri ◽

Luc Pichon ◽

Serguei Martemianov ◽

Thierry Paillat ◽

Anthony Thomas

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Aisi 304L ◽

X Ray ◽

Steel Aisi

Stainless steels are broadly used thanks to their specific physical properties such as their high corrosion resistance in poorly aggressive solutions. However, only few studies have been reported in the literature concerning their electrochemical behavior in low concentration electrolytes medium. Accordingly, the present work aims to study the immersion time influence on the solid-liquid interface properties of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, immersed in a low-concentrated (0.01 M) sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The electrochemical behavior of the interface was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring. The morphological features and the modification of the surface composition were evaluated by Optic Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, White Light Interferometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It was determined by OCP measurement that the characteristic time of the interface stabilization is very long (several months). After an immersion of 2 months in NaCl solution, a second time constant on impedance phase diagram appears. Surface characterizations reveal a significant modification of the morphology and chemistry of the AISI 304L surface that can be linked to OCP/EIS observations. It can be noticed that the repeatability deviation of the EIS method was about 1 % while its reproducibility deviation was estimated to 35 %.

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Effect of Incorporating MoS2 in Organic Coatings on the Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel in a 3.5% NaCl Solution

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9010045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Min-Sung Hong ◽

Yunjeong Park ◽

Jung Kim ◽

Kyunghoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Coating Film ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Coating Method ◽

Coating Durability

This study discusses a new coating method to protect 316L stainless steel (SS) from pitting corrosion in high chloride environments. The SS surface was coated using a simple, eco-friendly method, and sunflower oil (SunFO) was used as a base coating and binder for molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The coated surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior was examined by open-circuit potential (OCP) measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in an 3.5% NaCl solution. The SunFO coating with MoS2 showed the highest corrosion resistance and coating durability during the immersion time relative to the SunFO coating and bare 316L SS. The increased corrosion resistance is thought to be because of the interactions with the aggregations of the SunFO lamellar structure and MoS2 in the coating film, which acted as a high order layer barrier providing protection from the metals to electrolytes.

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Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1376

Author(s):

Alex Quok An Teo ◽

Lina Yan ◽

Akshay Chaudhari ◽

Gavin Kane O’Neill

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

High Surface ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Post Processing ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

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From Waste to Valuable Resource: Lignin as a Sustainable Anti-Corrosion Coating

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8120454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Arman Dastpak ◽

Kirsi Yliniemi ◽

Mariana de Oliveira Monteiro ◽

Sarah Höhn ◽

Sannakaisa Virtanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Open Circuit Potential ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽

Corrosion Current ◽

Polymer Coatings ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Linear Sweep ◽

Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization

In this study, a waste of biorefinery—lignin—is investigated as an anticorrosion coating on stainless steel. Corrosion behavior of two lignin types (hardwood beech and softwood spruce) was studied by electrochemical measurements (linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential, potentiostatic polarization, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance measurements) during exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF) or phosphate buffer (PBS). Results from linear sweep voltammetry of lignin-coated samples, in particular, demonstrated a reduction in corrosion current density between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude cf. blank stainless steel. Furthermore, results from cross cut adhesion tests on lignin-coated samples demonstrated that the best possible adhesion (grade 0) of ISO 2409 standard was achieved for the investigated novel coatings. Such findings suggest that lignin materials could transform the field of organic coatings towards more sustainable alternatives by replacing non-renewable polymer coatings.

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Nano-Thick Amorphous Oxide Layer Produced by Plasma on Type 316L Stainless Steel for Improved Corrosion Resistance Under Plastic Deformation

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/2674 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 1011-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan Mahrokh Dorri ◽

Stéphane Turgeon ◽

Maxime Cloutier ◽

Pascale Chevallier ◽

Diego Mantovani

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Oxide Layer ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Native Oxide ◽

Native Oxide Layer ◽

Amorphous Oxide ◽

Amorphous Oxide Layer

Localized corrosion constitutes a major concern in medical devices made of stainless steel. The conventional approach to circumvent such a problem is to convert the surface polycrystalline microstructure of the native oxide layer to an amorphous oxide layer, a few micrometers thick. This process cannot, however, be used for devices such as stents that undergo plastic deformation during their implantation, especially those used in vascular surgery for the treatment of cardiac, neurological, and peripheral vessels. This work explores the feasibility of producing a nano-thick plastic-deformation resistant amorphous oxide layer by plasma-based surface modifications. By varying the plasma process parameters, oxide layers with different features were produced and their properties were investigated before and after clinically-relevant plastic deformation. These properties and the related corrosion mechanisms were mainly evaluated using the electrochemical methods of open-circuit potential, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that, under optimal conditions, the resistance to corrosion and to the permeation of ions in a phosphate buffered saline, even after deformation, was significantly enhanced.

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Electrochemical behavior of AgCu50 in alkaline media in the presence of chlorides and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B Metallurgy ◽

10.2298/jmmb170623044g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 349-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Grekulovic ◽

M. Rajcic-Vujasinovic ◽

A. Mitovski

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Behavior ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Anodic Polarization ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Pure Silver ◽

Current Densities

Electrochemical behavior of an alloy AgCu50, pure copper, and pure silver, respectively, was investigated by measuring the open circuit potentials using anodic potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic method in 0.1 moldm-3 NaOH + 0.02 moldm-3 NaCl solution, without and with adding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in various concentrations (0.00001 - 0.001 moldm-3). Anodic polarization curves for AgCu50 alloy, showed four current peaks. Potentiostatic curves showed that values of the stationary current densities drop down with the increase of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole concentration in the electrolyte. The electrode surface was analyzed by optical microscopy after the potentiostatic oxidation. Micrographs confirmed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole has got the inhibitory effect by forming the film of CuMBT and AgMBT which protect the electrode surface from corrosion.

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Surface Characterization of Incoloy 825 Ni-Based Alloy/2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/2755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

pp. 1259-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jalal Kangazian ◽

Morteza Shamanian ◽

Ali Ashrafi

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Duplex Stainless Steel ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Friction Stir Weld ◽

General Corrosion ◽

Super Duplex Stainless Steel ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Surface Corrosion ◽

Incoloy 825

Surface features of a dissimilar friction stir weld between Incoloy 825 Ni-based alloy and SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, microhardness test, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface of the weldment showed lower general corrosion resistance in comparison to the base metals. Areas under the weld shoulder exhibited weak pitting resistance because of the deformed structure and/or chromium nitride precipitates. Incoloy 825 located under the shoulder also displayed the highest susceptibility to pit growth because of the austenite matrix containing titanium nitride phases. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated that the friction stir welding method could significantly deteriorate the surface corrosion behavior of the processed regions.

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Effects of NiSO4 Concentration on the Coloring Performance and Corrosion Resistance of the Colored Film on 304 Stainless Steel

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10060598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Wenwei Li ◽

Jun-e Qu ◽

Zhiyong Cao ◽

Hairen Wang

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

304 Stainless Steel ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Time Curve ◽

Steel Surfaces

The colored films were successfully prepared on the 304 stainless steel surfaces in coloring solutions with different NiSO4 contents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NiSO4 in the coloring solution on the coloring performance of 304 stainless steel and corrosion resistance of the obtained colored film in NaCl solution. The coloring rate was determined from coloring potential-time curve, and the protection properties of the color films in a 3.5% NaCl solution were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization scan, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and wear resistance test. The results showed that adding NiSO4 could accelerate the coloring process but brought about a negative impact on the surface’s corrosion resistance.

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