Electrochemical Properties of Passive Film Formed on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in a Chloride Medium

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3230 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 884-890
Author(s):  
Renata B. Soares ◽  
Wagner R.C. Campos ◽  
Pedro L. Gastelois ◽  
Waldemar A.A. Macedo ◽  
Luís F.P. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pitting Potential

The electrochemical behavior and the electronic properties of passive films formed on a super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) used in oil and gas industries were investigated in aqueous 0.6 M and 2.1 M NaCl solutions with additions of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH 4.5). Open-circuit potential transients, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured to characterize the passive film formed on SMSS. The electrochemical behavior of the steel in an aqueous solution of 0.6 M NaCl presented the highest pitting potential and the highest polarization resistance in relation to the NaCl/NaAc solution. The passive film of SMSS in an aqueous solution of NaCl presented a thickness of 18.40 nm, three times the thickness of the oxide film in NaCl/NaAc, and consisted of FeO, Cr2O3, MoO2, and spinels such as FeCr2O4 species that are a p-type semiconductor, but may also contain a small fraction of the Fe2O3 and MoO3 oxides. Additionally, it was shown that the passive layer after immersion in a saline solution also contains hydroxides such as FeOOH and Cr(OH)3.

Effect of Uniaxial Tension-Induced Plastic Strain on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3516 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salar Salahi ◽  
Mostafa Kazemipour ◽  
Ali Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chromium Carbide ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Heat Treated Sample

This study aims to understand the correlation between the manufacturing process-induced plastic deformation, microstructure, and corrosion behavior of a 13Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing material (UNS S42000). Comparisons were made between the microstructure, crystallographic orientation, and corrosion performance of a texture-free, heat-treated sample and uniaxially tensioned samples to the elongations of 5% and 22%. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed on all samples in aerated 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte at room temperature. Overall, the corrosion resistance of the samples was found to decrease with increasing deformation level. A more stable and higher corrosion potential and pitting potential values with a better stability of the passive film were derived for the nondeformed sample, whereas the 5% and 22% elongated samples exhibited lower corrosion and pitting potential values and were characterized by having a less stable passive layer. All samples consistently revealed micropit formation on the lath boundaries where a high concentration of chromium carbide precipitates was detected. Increasing the level of plastic strain in 13Cr stainless steel was found to enlarge the size of sensitized regions along the matrix/coarse chromium carbide precipitates interface, leading to more regions susceptible to initiation and propagation of pitting.

scholarly journals In Situ Electrochemical Study of the Growth Kinetics of Passive Film on TC11 Alloy in Sulfate Solution at 300 °C/10 MPa

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zha ◽  
Heping Li ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

TC11 alloy is a promising structural material, and has a wide range of applications in many corrosive and high temperature hydrothermal systems. The passive film has an important influence on its electrochemical behavior. In this study, in-situ electrochemical methods (that is, open circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization (LP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) were used to monitor the long period electrochemical behavior of TC11 alloy in 0.01 M Na2SO4 solution at 300 °C/10 MPa. The growth kinetics of the passive film was mainly studied. The correlation between the evolution of the electrochemical behavior and the growth of the oxide film was discussed. The results showed that although the OCP gradually stabilized after twenty thousand seconds, henceforth the polarization resistance (Rp) was still increasing due to the thickening of the passive film. An equivalent circuit was proposed to fit the EIS experimental data, leading to determination of film capacitance and film resistance. Besides, the electrochemical data was interpreted in terms of the point defect model (PDM). The EIS results are consistent with the Rp results.

Influence of pH on the Electrochemical Bahavior of 00Cr15Ni7Mo2Cu2 Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 1058-1061
Author(s):  
Jia Qun Rui ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hu Dai Sun ◽  
Kun Yu Zhao ◽  
Zhi Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Supermartensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Polarization Technique ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Influence Of Ph

This objective is to study the influence of pH on the electrochemical behavior of 00Cr15Ni7Mo2Cu2 supermartensitic stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solutions using potentiondynamic polarization technique, open circuit potential tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The study reveals that the pitting potential (Eb) is higher, the passivation current densities (ip) is lower and the electrochemical impedance increases with the pH. The results indicate that this stainless steel offer good pitting corrosion resistance with the pH increasing in 3.5% NaCl solutions.

scholarly journals Role of NaCl, CO2, and H2S on Electrochemical Behavior of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated Oil Industry Environment

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Hany S. Abdo ◽  
Asiful H. Seikh
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

The electrochemical behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel (304ASS) was studied by different methods such as potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization data suggest that 304 ASS could be more susceptible to corrosion due to the presence of H2S. The coexistence of H2S and Cl−-type ionic species in 304 ASS lead to a decrease in the corrosion resistance as compared to the H2S-free condition. It is seen that CO2 helps form a passive layer on the metallic surface, which eventually decreases its corrosion rate. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the passive layer developed under different condition consists of FeCO3, FeS2, Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, etc. SEM images further confirm that elemental S− and Cl− can infiltrate the passive film and cause the passive film to deteriorate.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior of stainless steel alloys used for medical and dental applications as a function of exposure to 0.9% NaCl and sterilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e32810513544
Author(s):  
Cecília Alves de Sousa ◽  
Carolina Ferrairo Danieletto-Zanna ◽  
Thamara Beline ◽  
Gustavo Zanna Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Perez Faverani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
Significance Level

This study evaluated the effect of disinfection procedures and exposure to 0.9% NaCl solution cycles during sterilization, on the electrochemical, physical and chemical properties of different stainless steel alloys used in the biomedical field. Discs of F899 XM16, F899 303, and F899 420B alloys were cleaned with enzymatic detergent followed by 20 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Electrochemical tests were performed including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.9% NaCl (n=5). Surface characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and surface roughness and microhardness both before and after the electrochemical test. Quantitative data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of the alloys did not present statistical differences. The capacitance values of the three oxide layers, polarization resistance, and impedance of Warburg were similar among the alloys. Considering the topography, surface roughness increased for all alloys in the post-corrosion period. The stainless steel alloys analyzed were negatively affected at the electrochemical behavior, corrosion kinetics, and surface characterization after the 0.9% NaCl solution and the autoclave sterilization cycles, confirming the need for regular exchanges of surgical instruments and drills used in medical and dental implantology.

scholarly journals Using Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure Thickness of Passive Film on Stainless Steel Immersed in Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongguang Wang ◽  
Yunhui Li ◽  
Tian Xiao ◽  
Li Cong ◽  
Yunhan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Abstract Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure passive film thickness on stainless steel (SS) in aqueous solution is proposed. SUS304 austenite and SUS329J4L duplex SS samples partly covered by gold were set in a minicell. To remove the original film, the SS surface but gold was etched using dilute sulfuric acid. After cleaning, open circuit potential (OCP), and distance from the sample surface to the top of the gold were measured. They were then immersed in either 1.0% NaCl; 5.0% NaCl; or aqueous solution with pH ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 and measured again. Differences between the first and subsequent measures of OCP suggested a passive film had formed in solution with pH ranging from 2.8 to 10.0. Similarly, differences among AFM measures revealed the observed film thickness increased with increase in pH and with decrease in chloride ions. Also, film thickness in water was greater than that in a vacuum. Comparison of AFM measurements of passive film on the austenite and sigma phases in sensitized SUS329J4L duplex SS revealed the film was thinner on the sigma phase containing more chromium. Taken together, these findings suggest the proposed method is applicable for measuring the thickness of passive films in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Effect of immersion time at the stainless steel 304L/NaCl (0.01 M) interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Wejdene Mastouri ◽  
Luc Pichon ◽  
Serguei Martemianov ◽  
Thierry Paillat ◽  
Anthony Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Aisi

Stainless steels are broadly used thanks to their specific physical properties such as their high corrosion resistance in poorly aggressive solutions. However, only few studies have been reported in the literature concerning their electrochemical behavior in low concentration electrolytes medium. Accordingly, the present work aims to study the immersion time influence on the solid-liquid interface properties of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, immersed in a low-concentrated (0.01 M) sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The electroche­mical behavior of the interface was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring. The morphological features and the modification of the surface composition were evaluated by Optic Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, White Light Interferometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It was determined by OCP measurement that the characteristic time of the interface stabilization is very long (several months). After an immersion of 2 months in NaCl solution, a second time constant on impedance phase diagram appears. Surface characterizations reveal a significant modifi­cation of the morphology and chemistry of the AISI 304L surface that can be linked to OCP/EIS observations. It can be noticed that the repeatability deviation of the EIS method was about 1 % while its reproducibility deviation was estimated to 35 %.

scholarly journals Effect of nano-grain carbide formation on electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatdanai Boonruang ◽  
Wutipong Sanumang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe effect of low oxygen-partial pressured carburizing on relaxation process for 316L stainless steel is reported. Phase, morphology, and amount of compound formation during initial stage of carburizing are investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show formation and development of surface multilayer with nano-grain-carbide (Cr7C3, Fe7C3, and/or Cr3C2) generation in the layer located below outermost protective layer. The relaxation process has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Formation of nano-grain carbide(s) during carburizing causes deterioration effect on the electrochemical behavior of steel. However, the steel with large amount of carbide generation (carburized for 30 min) tends to have higher corrosion resistance (indicated by higher values of Rcl and Rct) than the smaller ones (10 and 20 min) due to the effect of phase, grain size, morphology, and amount of compound formation.

Strengthened passivation and mechanism of 316L stainless steel in hot diluted sulfuric acid solution by connecting to Pd electrode

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhong Zhang ◽  
Yu Zuo ◽  
Pengfei Ju ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xuhui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
316 L Stainless Steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution, is helpful to understand the mechanisms of corrosion resistancethe of plated Pd on 316 L ss. Design/methodology/approach The variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution after connected to Pd electrode were studied with methods of potential monitor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) measurement. Findings By connecting to a Pd electrode, the potential of the SS sample increased from the active region to the passive region. By connecting to the Pd electrode, the contents of Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 in passive film increased obviously. With increased Pd/SS area ratio, the Cr(OH)3 content in passive film increased but the Fe3O4 content changed little. The results show that after connecting to Pd the corrosion resistance of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel increases obviously, which may be attributed to the more compact passive film because of higher Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 contents and less point defects in the film. Originality/value The effects and mechanism of Pd on passivation of SS was studied.

Corrosion behavior of a new 25Cr-3Ni-7Mn-0.66 N duplex stainless steel in artificial seawater

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Songkran Vongsilathai ◽  
Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Semiconductor

Abstract A new duplex 25Cr-3Ni-7Mn-0.66 N alloy was prepared in a vacuum arc re-melting furnace and characterized by metallographic and EPMA methods. Its corrosion behavior was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis in artificial seawater at room temperature and compared with those of super and normal commercial duplex stainless steel (SDSS and DSS). No significant difference in the open circuit potentials and pitting potentials was observed. Its passive film current density lies between those of SDSS and DSS. This was confirmed by EIS analysis. A pit attack was observed on the δ-phase for all duplex samples, because the PREN16 of the δ-phase was lower than that of the γ-phase. From the Mott-Schottky analysis, the passive films were found to be composed of bi-layer structures, a p-type semiconductor inner layer, and a n-type semiconductor outer layer. The degree of defect as well as the effect of nitrogen in passive film layer are discussed with respect to the point defect model.

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