Analysis of two irrigation methods in root canal disinfection against E. Faecalis biofilm under the influence of the concentration, volumen, and time in contact of the irrigant

The purpose of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two irrigation techniques against E. Faecalis biofilm: conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Furthermore, to investigate a possible cumulative effect of disinfection in the final irrigation, leaving the hypochlorite in the root canal for 2 or 5 minutes without agitation. A total of 63 premolars were divided into 9 groups (n = 7): Groups CI - 2.5 and CI - 5.25: Conventional irrigation with 2.5% and 5.25% NaOCl, respectively, a total of 6 mL for 1 min. Groups CI/PUI - 2.5 and CI/PUI - 5.25: CI + PUI with 2.5% and 5.25% NaOCl respectively, a total of 12 mL for 2 min. Groups CI/PUI - 2.5-2 (total of 14 mL for 4 min) and CI/PUI - 2.5-5 (total of 14 mL for 7 min): CI + PUI, plus final irrigation leaving the NaOCl 2,5% in the root canal for 2 or 5 minutes without agitation, respectively. Groups CI/PUI - 5,25-2 (total of 14 mL for 4 min) and CI/PUI - 5,25-5 (total of 14 mL for 7 minutes): CI + PUI, plus final irrigation leaving the NaOCl 5,25% in the root canal for 2 or 5 minutes without agitation, respectively. Control Group: CI + PUI, final irrigation leaving sterile saline solution for 5 min. The CI/PUI - 5,25 group showed a significantly greater reduction of E. faecalis than in the CI/PUI - 2.5 group. All other groups did not differ significantly from each other. The control group showed a less efficient reduction of E. faecalis. The CI associated with PUI was sufficiently able to reduce the bacterial load of E. faecalis. The final irrigation, leaving the hypochlorite in the root canal for 2 or 5 minutes without agitation did not demonstrate relevance in this study. Successive changes of the irrigating liquid, resulting in greater volume, demonstrated better results in disinfecting the root canal system.

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Passive ultrasonic irrigation in calcium hydroxide removal from root canals: a sem/eds analysis

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v3e32015668-677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Fernanda Hoffmann Busanello ◽

Angela Longo Do Nascimento ◽

Lilian Tietz ◽

Mirela Sangoi Barreto ◽

Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Calcium Hydroxide Removal ◽

And Control ◽

Elementary Chemical

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four human premolars were used. After coronal access, a size #15 K-file was used to obtain apical patency. Root canal preparation was performed using WaveOne 40.08 instruments. CH paste was placed into the root canal. Specimens were stored in a humid environment, and after seven days, they were divided into five groups (n=12) according to the irrigation protocols: Manual– a size #40 K-file; PUI/1– 1 min; PUI/2– 2 min; PUI/3– 3 min; and Control– without CH paste. An elementary chemical microanalysis (SEM/EDS) was performed to quantify the presence of calcium on the dentinal walls. RESULTS: The percentage of calcium was higher in all experimental groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05); but no differences among them were found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of calcium hydroxide paste on the dentinal walls was not dependent on length of time of ultrasonic activation. SEM/EDS analysis seems to be a reliable method to assess CH paste removal from the root canals.

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Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal wall: An in-vitro study

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/cjmed-737 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepak Singh Kirar ◽

Pradeep Jain ◽

Pallav Patni

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background and aim: Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal walls.Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted teeth were selected for this study. After decoronation, the root canals of these teeth were prepared to the size F3 (30 no.) using rotary ProTaper file system. These samples were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=20) were filled completely with water based calcium hydroxide (CH), Group 2 (n=20) were filled with oil based CH using lentulo spiral, Group 3 (n=5) - the positive control group received the CH as intracanal medication, but no subsequent removal, Group 4 (n=5) - the negative control did not receive CH placement. Further on, Group 1 and Group 2 were divided into four sub-groups (n=5). In sub-group A we performed conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle sub-group B) manual dynamic agitation, sub-group C sonic agitation using endoactivator, sub-group D passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Roots were split longitudinally into mesial and distal halves. Digital images of the root canal walls were acquired by a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) and assessed by using a scoring criteria at different thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal as follows: score 1, score 2, score 3, and score 4. Data were analyzed applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a 95% confidence interval (P < 0.05).Results: Statistically significant differences were not found between the experimental groups and the negative group in any one third of the root canal (P>0.05). However, a difference did exist between the experimental groups and the positive control group (P<0.05). None of the experimental groups totally removed CH substances from root canal walls.Conclusion: Among all experimental groups, removal of CH was best achieved by sonic agitation using endoactivator followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), manual dynamic agitation and conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle.

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Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of various root canal disinfection methods against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. An ex-vivo study

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 44-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdollah Ghorbanzadeh ◽

Reza Fekrazad ◽

Abbas Bahador ◽

Roya Ayar ◽

Siavash Tabatabai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

Root Canal Disinfection ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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Root canal disinfection comparing conventional irrigation vs photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using a buffered 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution

Evidence-Based Endodontics ◽

10.1186/s41121-016-0006-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David E. Jaramillo ◽

Enrique Aguilar ◽

Ana Arias ◽

Ronald Ordinola-Zapata ◽

Raydolfo M. Aprecio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canal Disinfection ◽

Conventional Irrigation

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Immediate root canal disinfection with ultraviolet light: an ex vivo feasibility study

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology ◽

10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.03.027 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zvi Metzger ◽

Hadar Better ◽

Itzhak Abramovitz

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Root Canal Disinfection

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Influence of Exposing Root Canal Dentin to Calcium Hydroxide on Its Flexural Strength

The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.22146/theindjdentres.10063 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Diatri Nari Ratih

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Root Canal Dentin

Calcium hydroxide has been used extensively in endodontic treatments, for instance as an intra-canal dressing; however, the exposure of root canal dentin to calcium hydroxide may affect its flexural strength and could have important clinical implications for endodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide on the flexural strength of root canal dentin.Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in this study. Each tooth was instrumented using crown-down technique and was irrigated using sterile saline. The teeth were assigned into three groups of 24 each. The prepared root canal system of each tooth was filled with calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline (group 1), a calcium hydroxide commercially available product (UltraCal®) (group 2) or saline solution (group 3, as control). The apices and access opening were sealed using composite resin, and the teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. After 7, 14 and 30 days of immersion, the inner root canal dentin of 8 teeth respectively from each group were sectioned to create dentin bars (1 X 1 mm, with 7 mm in length). Each dentin bar then was subjected to a three-point bending flexural test using MTS (Universal Testing Machine). Data gathered were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test with the level of significance of 95%. The results showed that exposure to calcium hydroxide either using calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline or UltraCal® for 14 and 30 days can reduce flexural strength of root canal dentin compared to control group (p<0.05). In contrast, after 7 days exposure, there was no significantly different of flexural strength between three groups (p>0.05). It can be concluded that calcium hydroxide reduced the flexural strength of root canal dentin. The longer the exposure to calcium hydroxide would produce a greater effect on flexural strength of root canal dentin.

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Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Apical Extrusion of Irrigating Solution

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697378 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tamer Tasdemir ◽

Kursat Er ◽

Davut Celik ◽

Tahsin Yildirim

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Apical Extrusion ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

The Mean ◽

Mandibular Incisors

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on apical extrusion of irrigating solution.Methods: Twenty freshly extracted maxillary and mandibular incisors with single straight root canals were instrumented with ProTaper rotary files. During final irrigation, the root canals were filled with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and PUI was performed with a piezoelectronic unit. A stainless steel instrument (size 15) was inserted into the root canal and the irrigant was ultrasonically activated for one minute. This sequence was repeated three times, resultingin a total PUI time of three minutes. The volume of extruded irrigant was measured by Pipetman pipettes. The data were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The mean volume of apical extruded irrigant was 2.15 �L for the PUI group and 14 �L forthe control group. The experimentalgroup extruded significantly smaller amounts of irrigant than the control group (P<.05).Conclusions: The PUI procedure as a final irrigation was associated with less apical extrusion of the irrigating solution. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:198-203)

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Does the Use of Use of Continuous or Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols Improve the Removal of Smear Layer? A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1118207/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ramón Miguéns-Vila ◽

Pablo Castelo-Baz ◽

Saleta Aboy-Pazos ◽

David Uroz-Torres ◽

Pablo Álvarez-Nóvoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Pressure ◽

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Conventional Irrigation ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smear layer removal after the use of different irrigation methods (passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI], continuous ultrasonic irrigation [CUI], apical negative pressure irrigation and conventional irrigation) using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an analytical tool. A total of 100 single-canal teeth were decoronated and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the irrigation method used: conventional irrigation with front outlet syringe, conventional irrigation with lateral outlet syringe, apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac), PUI with Irrisafe, and CUI with ProUltra PiezoFlow ultrasonic irrigation needle. Root canal preparation was performed with the ProTaper Gold system up to the F4 instrument and 5.25% NaOCl was used as an irrigant. After chemical-mechanical preparation, the roots were split longitudinally, and the coronal, middle and apical thirds examined. SEM digital photomicrographs were taken at ×1000 magnification to evaluate the amount of smear layer in each root canal third. CUI was more effective in removing the smear layer than the other irrigation protocols. However, none of the irrigation protocols were able to produce root canals completely free from smear layer.

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Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302187 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Flavio R. F. Alves ◽

Monica A. S. Neves ◽

Marlei G. Silva ◽

Isabela N. Rocas ◽

Jose F. Siqueira Jr.

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Saline Control ◽

Bacterial Viability ◽

Root Canal Irrigants ◽

Crystal Violet Assay ◽

Root Canal Disinfection ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Potential Use

This study investigated the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of farnesol and xylitol in a series of experiments in order to evaluate their potential use as root canal irrigants. The following substances were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% and 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol plus 20% xylitol; and saline (control). For comparison with an established endodontic irrigant, 2.5% NaOCl was included in each test. Three experiments were conducted: the crystal violet assay, to evaluate the effects on the biofilm biomass; the dentin disinfection test, to evaluate the effects on bacterial viability in biofilms; and the root canal disinfection test, to simulate the use in the root canal environment. Farnesol was the most effective substance in reducing the biofilm biomass, followed by 20% xylitol. All substances affected bacterial viability in biofilms; farnesol showed the best results followed by the farnesol/xylitol combination. Irrigation with all substances significantly reduced the bacterial load (p<0.001), but only the farnesol/xylitol combination was significantly more effective than saline (p=0.02). NaOCl was more effective than any other substance tested in the three experiments (p<0.001). The findings demonstrated that farnesol affected both the biofilm biomass and the viability of cells in the biofilm, while 20% xylitol affected only the biofilm biomass. Although not more effective than NaOCl, the combination of these two antibiofilm substances has potential to be used in endodontics in certain situations.

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