scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN ASAM TRANEKSAMAT ORAL PADA PASIEN MELASMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Al Mas - Nurissyita
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Topical Drugs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
Definition Of

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using oral tranexamic acid in melasma patients, as well as to explain the definition of melasma, melasma epidemiology, melasma etiopathogenesis, and to explain the effectiveness of using oral tranexamic acid in melasma. The method used was to collect and analyze research articles on the effectiveness of the use of oral tranexamic acid topical drugs in Melasma patients. The articles are obtained through a search using Google Scholar, Pubmed. The term melasma comes from the Greek word "melas" which means black. Clinically melasma appears as macules or brown spots. Complaints of melasma usually occur symmetrically. The areas of melasma predilection are most commonly the cheeks, upper lip, chin and forehead, but can also be affected in other areas. (Debabrata, Handel et al., 2014). Research conducted for 6 months by Sufan et al ,. It is known that after therapy using Tranexamic Acid, there was a decrease in hyperpigmentation. After 6 months of treatment, the results were very good (10.8%, 8/74), good (54%, 40/74), moderate (31.1%, 23/74), and bad (4.1%). , 3/74). There were 4 patients (5.4%) who experienced mild gastrointestinal discomfort, 6 patients (8.1%) hypomenorrhea, subjects who rarely reported skin rash due to allergies as well as dizziness, alopecia, drowsiness and hyposexuality. From these results it is concluded that oral Tranexmatic Acid has good effectiveness in melasma therapy. (Sufan et al., 2012). From the results of this study it can be concluded that Tranexamic Acid has good effectiveness in the therapy of melasma. Where there are several risk factors that cause melasma, which can occur due to genetic factors, UV exposure, hormonal factors and inflammatory factors. Tranexamic acid will inhibit the action of tyrosinase activity by blocking the interaction of melanocytes and keratinocytes through inhibition of the plasminogen system.   Keywords: Melasma, treatment for melasma, epidemiologi, etiologi, tranexamic acid,.

scholarly journals Definition of Genetic Factors in Hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. S7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger R. Williams ◽  
Steven C. Hunt ◽  
Sandra J. Hasstedt ◽  
Thomas D. Berry ◽  
Lily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Carotid Stenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-130
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Sсherbak ◽  
Tatyana A. Kamilova ◽  
Svetlana V. Lebedeva ◽  
Dmitry A. Vologzhanin ◽  
Alexander S. Golota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Important Clinical Problem ◽  
Definition Of

Early recognition of rupture-prone atherosclerotic lesions in patients with high-graded carotid stenosis is an important clinical problem for preventing ischemic stroke. Various pathophysiological mechanisms are responsible for the progression and instability of plaques, such as changes in lipid composition, infiltration by immunoinflammatory cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix of the vascular wall by matrix metalloproteinases, enhanced inflammatory response and plaque neovascularization. These features are the main cause of plaque rupture and, as a consequence, neurologic symptoms. Therefore, matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory factors can serve as possible markers for patients with severe unstable stenosis of carotid arteries. Due to the heterogeneity of atherosclerotic lesions, only one biomarker is not enough to reliably predict the development of a stroke. The use of a combination of biomarkers is better correlated with clinical data and, therefore, exceeds the analysis of individual factors. To increase the overall sensitivity and specificity and more reliable diagnosis of stroke in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the biomarker panel should include independent biomarkers. Further preclinical experiments and clinical trials are needed to assess the significance and precise definition of the threshold levels of such biomarkers before they can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Heritability of Handedness in a Hong Kong Chinese Twin and Singleton Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Zheng ◽  
Catherine McBride ◽  
Connie Suk-Han Ho ◽  
Jonathan Ka-Chun Chan ◽  
Kwong Wai Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
Heritability Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

Left-Handedness prevalence has been consistently reported at around 10% with heritability estimates at around 25%. Higher left-handedness prevalence has been reported in males and in twins. Lower prevalence has been reported in Asia, but it remains unclear whether this is due to biological or cultural factors. Most studies are based on samples with European ethnicities and using the preferred hand for writing as the key assessment. Here, we investigated handedness in a sample of Chinese school children in Hong Kong, including 426 singletons and 205 pairs of twins, using both the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and Pegboard Task. Based on a binary definition of writing hand, we found a higher prevalence of left-handedness (8%) than what was previously reported in Asian datasets. We found no evidence of increased left-handedness in twins, but our results were in line with previous findings showing that males have a higher tendency to be left-handed than females. Heritability was similar for both hand preference (21%) and laterality indexes (22%). However, these two handedness measures present only a moderate correlation (.42) and appear to be underpinned by different genetic factors. In summary, we report new reference data for an ethnic group usually underrepresented in the literature. Our heritability analysis supports the idea that different measures will capture different components of handedness and, as a consequence, datasets assessed with heterogeneous criteria are not easily combined or compared.

The Upjohn Award Lecture 1981/La Conférence Upjohn 1981: The metabolism of xenobiotics in different populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Interethnic Differences ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Metabolism Of Xenobiotics

This paper provides a broad review of the topic, but particularly emphasizes the definition of genetic factors that may cause interethnic differences in the capacity to metabolize drugs and toxic chemicals and recent case studies of dehydrogenases and mixed function oxidases.

scholarly journals Research Articles in Simplified HTML: a Web-first format for HTML-based scholarly articles

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Peroni ◽  
Francesco Osborne ◽  
Angelo Di Iorio ◽  
Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese ◽  
Francesco Poggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Semantic Annotations ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Scholarly Article ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Semantic Publishing

PurposeThis paper introduces the Research Articles in Simplified HTML (or RASH), which is a Web-first format for writing HTML-based scholarly papers; it is accompanied by the RASH Framework, a set of tools for interacting with RASH-based articles. The paper also presents an evaluation that involved authors and reviewers of RASH articles submitted to the SAVE-SD 2015 and SAVE-SD 2016 workshops.DesignRASH has been developed aiming to: be easy to learn and use; share scholarly documents (and embedded semantic annotations) through the Web; support its adoption within the existing publishing workflow.FindingsThe evaluation study confirmed that RASH is ready to be adopted in workshops, conferences, and journals and can be quickly learnt by researchers who are familiar with HTML.Research LimitationsThe evaluation study also highlighted some issues in the adoption of RASH, and in general of HTML formats, especially by less technically savvy users. Moreover, additional tools are needed, e.g., for enabling additional conversions from/to existing formats such as OpenXML.Practical ImplicationsRASH (and its Framework) is another step towards enabling the definition of formal representations of the meaning of the content of an article, facilitating its automatic discovery, enabling its linking to semantically related articles, providing access to data within the article in actionable form, and allowing integration of data between papers.Social ImplicationsRASH addresses the intrinsic needs related to the various users of a scholarly article: researchers (focussing on its content), readers (experiencing new ways for browsing it), citizen scientists (reusing available data formally defined within it through semantic annotations), publishers (using the advantages of new technologies as envisioned by the Semantic Publishing movement).ValueRASH helps authors to focus on the organisation of their texts, supports them in the task of semantically enriching the content of articles, and leaves all the issues about validation, visualisation, conversion, and semantic data extraction to the various tools developed within its Framework.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD): Clinical Characterization and Genetic Correlates in an Italian Alzheimer’s Disease Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Scassellati ◽  
Miriam Ciani ◽  
Carlo Maj ◽  
Cristina Geroldi ◽  
Orazio Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Background: The occurrence of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients hampers the clinical management and exacerbates the burden for caregivers. The definition of the clinical distribution of BPSD symptoms, and the extent to which symptoms are genetically determined, are still open to debate. Moreover, genetic factors that underline BPSD symptoms still need to be identified. Purpose. To characterize our Italian AD cohort according to specific BPSD symptoms as well as to endophenotypes. To evaluate the associations between the considered BPSD traits and COMT, MTHFR, and APOE genetic variants. Methods. AD patients (n = 362) underwent neuropsychological examination and genotyping. BPSD were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale. Results. APOE and MTHFR variants were significantly associated with specific single BPSD symptoms. Furthermore, “Psychosis” and “Hyperactivity” resulted in the most severe endophenotypes, with APOE and MTHFR implicated as both single risk factors and “genexgene” interactions. Conclusions. We strongly suggest the combined use of both BPSD single symptoms/endophenotypes and the “genexgene” interactions as valid strategies for expanding the knowledge about the BPSD aetiopathogenetic mechanisms.

Study of the Occurance of Labio-Palatine Cleft Embryogenic Disorders of the Stomatognated System by Using Lots of Wistar Rats Females

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2694-2699
Author(s):  
Corina Ciupilan ◽  
Marius Valeriu Hinganu ◽  
Delia Hinganu ◽  
Oana Elena Ciurcanu ◽  
Mihaela Monica Scutariu
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
The Face ◽  
Medial Segment ◽  
Surgical Recovery ◽  
Maxillary Arch

Labio-maxilo-palatine clefts are embryogenesis disorders of the stomatognathic system that occur due to the action of genetic or non-genetic factors in weeks 5-6 of intrauterine life. The clefts are part of the group of congenital malformations of the face. They appear from birth as a slit in the upper lip, hard palate and/or soft palate.Labio-maxilo-palatine cleafts are a current medical problem, especially regarding surgical recovery; they are congenital malformations of the face characterized by the absence of substance in the upper lip and/or in the palatine vault caused by the lack of fusion of labial and / or palatine buds during embryonic development.Simple labial cleft concerns only the lip, unlike the complete labial cleft which affects also the alveolar maxillary arch. In the case of this malformation, more serious than labial cleft, the cleft also affects the bone structures (the alveolar maxillary arche, the buccal palate) so that the oral cavity communicates with the nasal cavity and prevents sucking in infants. An early surgical recovery restores the integrity of anatomical structures, reestablishes disturbed functions, creates favorable conditions for speech education and social adaptation of the child according to age.The procedure is applied prior to the primary suture of the lip and of the anterior palate in order to minimize the dislocation of the segments of the maxillary arch. The correction of the malformation of the jaw arch in the case of bilateral clefts is much more difficult, but it has a greater importance due to the difficulty of reconstruction of the muscular plan and severe deformations, what will persist if the segments can not be aligned.In the bilateral clefts, the lateral segments are displaced medially, and the medial segment is protruding. The purpose of preoperative orthodontic treatment is to reposition the lateral segments so that the medial segment can be coaxed between them together as a vault key of the maxillary arch. In order to study the occurrence of labio-palatine cleft, we used eight groups of Wistar females rat, weighing between 200 and 250 grams. Each sample consists of 10 females rats. Most of the labial and palatine clefts are the result of multiple, genetic and non-genetic factors, each producing a minor developmental defect, called multifactorial heritage;It can be represented by a model in which responsibility for a disease is a variable caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The therapeutic outcome depends on the complexity of the malformation, on the moment of surgery and on the selection of the most modern techniques and equipment suitable for the patient.

The metabolic syndrome: an introduction

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Applied Physiology ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
Definition Of

It is my pleasure to introduce this special thematic issue of Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (APNM) on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This publication comes at an exciting time, in the midst of debates encompassing the most appropriate clinical definition of MetS, its potential etiological pathways, and questions about the very existence of MetS as an entity unto itself. This compilation of invited reviews and original research articles provides an overview and sampling of the latest research on MetS. It has been designed to meet the interests of the diverse readership of APNM and to stimulate further research in this important area of investigation.

Mapping of duplicate genes in soybean

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Lee ◽  
Arla L Bush ◽  
James E Specht ◽  
Randy C Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Complex Phenotype ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Simple Sequence

Appressed pubescence genes in soybean cause hairs on the upper surface of leaves to lie flat, while pubescence remains erect elsewhere on the plant. For decades this trait was believed to be controlled in soybean by duplicated single genes, Pa1 and Pa2. However, reports in the literature conflicted as to which phenotype was dominant or recessive. Two populations were developed, each approximately 100 individuals, and each segregating for one of the appressed pubescence genes. A combination of SSRs (simple sequence repeats) and RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) were used in each of these populations to map the independent genes. Two-point analysis weakly linked Pa1 and Pa2 to separate linkage groups. Lack of strong linkage suggested the trait may not be controlled by single genes. When QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis was performed, one major locus and several minor loci were detected in each population. We report the mapping of the genes controlling appressed pubescence in soybean and their placement in homologous regions. Although appressed pubescence was originally reported to be single duplicate genes, we report that it is actually a more complex phenotype with major duplicated genes and minor modifying genes. These results offer interesting implications regarding the evolution of duplicate genetic factors and the definition of qualitative traits.Key words: homoeologous, Glycine, evolution, appressed pubescence, quantitative genetics.

scholarly journals Genetics of coffee quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Leroy ◽  
Fabienne Ribeyre ◽  
Benóit Bertrand ◽  
Pierre Charmetant ◽  
Magali Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids

Coffee quality, in the present context of overproduction worldwide, has to be considered as a main selection criterion for coffee improvement. After a definition of quality, and an overview of the non genetic factors affecting its variation, this review focuses on the genetic factors involved in the control of coffee quality variation. Regarding the complexity of this trait, the different types of quality are first presented. Then, the great variation within and between coffee species is underlined, mainly for biochemical compounds related to quality (caffeine, sugars, chlorogenic acids, lipids). The ways for breeding quality traits for cultivated species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora are discussed, with specific challenges for each species. For C. arabica, maintaining a good quality in F1 intraspecific hybrids, introgressed lines from Timor hybrid, and grafted varieties are the main challenges. For C. canephora, the improvement is mainly based on intraspecific and interspecific hybrids, using the whole genetic variability available within this species. An improvement is obtained for bean size, with significant genetic gains in current breeding programmes. The content in biochemical compounds related to cup quality is another way to improve Robusta quality. Finally, ongoing programmes towards the understanding of the molecular determinism of coffee quality, particularly using coffee ESTs, are presented.

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