scholarly journals Effect of biochar and compost application on nitrogen dynamics in organically managed nutrient-poor paddy soil system and in organic rice cultivation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Udomluk Wisethaksorn ◽  
◽  
Sirintornthep Towprayoon ◽  
Amnat Chidthaisong ◽  
Tassanee Jiaphasuanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Organically Managed

Nitrogen (N) is an essential plant nutrient, and its retention in the soil is beneficial to plant growth and productivity. High levels of N can leach from soil with organic amendments, particularly in water-rich paddy rice cultivation. Biochar has the potential to influence the soil N cycle. The study included four treatments applied to organically managed nutrient-poor paddy soil (S) and rice cultivation (R) systems, respectively over two growing seasons: biochar only (BA), compost only (CA), biochar and compost mixed at an equal rate (BC), and no amendment (control). Biochar produced from mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) which obtained from slow pyrolysis in a traditional kiln, whereas compost generated from organic municipal solid waste. The results showed that, on average, BA and BC maintained NO3--N and NH4+-N in the soil and reduced absolute N leaching compared to the control and CA, respectively. System R maintained nitrogen better than system S. BA reduced N mass leaching by 27.25% in system S and by 59.21% in system R, compared to the control, while BC reduced N mass leaching by 24.85% in system S and by 58.48% in system R, compared to CA. However, the reduction in N2O emission fluxes was not significant in both BA and BC in both seasons, although cumulative emission fluxes after a year of cultivation decreased significantly. BC significantly boosted water use efficiency relative to yield in system R. These results show that co-application of biochar and compost to nutrient-poor soil in an organically managed system substantially reduced N leaching and suggests that it could be an effective management option for organic rice cultivation in Thailand. Keywords: Biochar, compost, nitrogen leaching, N2O emmision, nitrogen balance, organic rice cultivation.

Organic Farming System for Producing Healthy Rice Oleh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 20213-20217
Author(s):  
Dr. Ir. Ni.Gst.Ag.Gde Eka Martiningsih ◽  
Dr.Ir. I Putu Sujana, MS
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Organic Farming System

Introduction of organic rice-based rice cultivation technology package through demplot is done in Subak Sungi 1 using ciherang variety. The number of farmers participating in demonstration plots in organic cultivation of paddy-based rice cultivation were 5 people, with age of farmers aged greater than 55 years occupying the highest percentage (45.45%), with elementary education level (72.75%), followed by high school education (18.25%), and junior high (9%). The average farmland area is 34.63 acres, with self-owned status (55,94%), status as penyakap 41,18% and rent status 2,88%. The farmers' response to the organic rice-based rice planting assessment is quite high, as evidenced by the evaluation that 100% of farmers participating in demonstration plots know and understand about organic rice system cultivation, and they agree to develop this cultivation system in the future. Demplot research results can increase the yield components and weight of dry grain harvest per hectare. Organic rice-based rice cultivation technology EVAGRO able to increase production of dry grain harvest significantly with a value of 6.8 tons / ha. There is a tendency of dry weight value of ciherang varieties of 6.8 tons / ha giving highest but not significantly different with PGPR organic based technology.

Effects of biochar on N2O emission in denitrification pathway from paddy soil: A drying incubation study

2021 ◽  
pp. 147591
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Zunqi Liu ◽  
Yu Lan ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Incubation Study

Impact of drying–rewetting cycles and organic amendments on phosphorus speciation of paddy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Bagheri Novair ◽  
Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini ◽  
Hassan Etesami ◽  
Teimour Razavipour
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Phosphorus Speciation

scholarly journals Intra- versus inter-site macroscale variation in biogeochemical properties along a paddy soil chronosequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mueller-Niggemann ◽  
A. Bannert ◽  
M. Schloter ◽  
E. Lehndorff ◽  
L. Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Tidal Wetland

Abstract. In order to assess the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soils, a set of biogeochemical soil parameters was investigated in five field replicates of seven paddy fields (50, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 yr of wetland rice cultivation), one flooded paddy nursery, one tidal wetland (TW), and one freshwater site (FW) from a coastal area at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. All soils evolved from a marine tidal flat substrate due to land reclamation. The biogeochemical parameters based on their properties were differentiated into (i) a group behaving conservatively (TC, TOC, TN, TS, magnetic susceptibility, soil lightness and colour parameters, δ13C, δ15N, lipids and n-alkanes) and (ii) one encompassing more labile properties or fast cycling components (Nmic, Cmic, nitrate, ammonium, DON and DOC). The macroscale heterogeneity in paddy soils was assessed by evaluating intra- versus inter-site spatial variability of biogeochemical properties using statistical data analysis (descriptive, explorative and non-parametric). Results show that the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soil organic and minerogenic components per field is smaller than between study sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of conservative parameters varied in a low range (10% to 20%), decreasing from younger towards older paddy soils. This indicates a declining variability of soil biogeochemical properties in longer used cropping sites according to progress in soil evolution. A generally higher variation of CV values (>20–40%) observed for labile parameters implies a need for substantially higher sampling frequency when investigating these as compared to more conservative parameters. Since the representativeness of the sampling strategy could be sufficiently demonstrated, an investigation of long-term carbon accumulation/sequestration trends in topsoils of the 2000 yr paddy chronosequence under wetland rice cultivation restricted was conducted. Observations cannot be extrapolated to global scale but with coastal paddy fields developed on marine tidal flat substrates after land reclamation in the Zhejiang Province represent a small fraction (<1%) of the total rice cropping area. The evolutionary trend showed that the biogeochemical signatures characteristic for paddy soils were fully developed in less than 300 yr since onset of wetland rice cultivation. A six-fold increase of topsoil TOC suggests a substantial gain in CO2 sequestration potential when marine tidal wetland substrate developed to 2000 yr old paddy soil.

scholarly journals Populasi Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Tiga Cara Budidaya Padi Sawah di Sukamandi

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
N. Usyati ◽  
Nia Kurniawati ◽  
Ade Ruskandar ◽  
Oco Rumasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTPest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami

scholarly journals Economic Effects of Introducing a High-Efficiency Weeder in Organic Rice Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Shima ◽  
Shigenori Miura ◽  
Yoshihiro Uenishi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Organic Rice

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tingkat Adopsi Budidaya Padi Organik terhadap Keberlanjutan Budidaya Padi Organik di Kabupaten Boyolali

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Putri Permatasari ◽  
Sapja Anantanyu ◽  
Widyatmani Sih Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Technique

Boyolali Regency of Central Java, Indonesia is an area that has developed organic rice cultivation. The development of the adoption rate organic rice cultivation has been conducted since 2009 and still sustainability until today. In fact, not all regions can accept and apply organic rice cultivation. This research was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 in Boyolali Regency. This research aimed to analyze : (1) the adoption of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency (2) the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency (3) the factors affecting the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency. This study was quantitative research with explanatory type. The analysis technique employed in this study was a Linear Regression; the sample consisted of 86 farmers living in the Sub Districts having widest organic rice farmland: Sambi, Mojosongo, and Andong. The result of research done by linear regression analysis using SPSS 23,0 program showed that the adoption rate of organic rice cultivation affected directly the sustainability of organic rice significantly with t-test probability (Sign) value of 0,017 less than specified α of 0,05. It indicated that seed preparation, land preparation, seeding, planting, fertilizing and maintenance affected the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in terms of economic and social.<br /><br />

Herbicidal Effects and Nutrients Supply by Applying of Distiled Spirit Waste and Rice Bran in Organic Rice Cultivation

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto UENO ◽  
Takayasu SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Organic Rice

Water-soluble mercury induced by organic amendments affected microbial community assemblage in mercury-polluted paddy soil

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 124405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualing Hu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Community Assemblage

scholarly journals Comparison of Active Nitrogen Loss in Four Pathways on a Sloped Peanut Field with Red Soil in China under Conventional Fertilization Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6219
Author(s):  
Zheng ◽  
Liu ◽  
Nie ◽  
Zuo ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Leakage Loss ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Loss Rates

Active nitrogen loss mainly includes ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, NO3−-N and NH4+-N deep leakage (N leaching), and NO3−-N and NH4+-N surface runoff (N runoff), resulting in serious environmental problems. To analyze the characteristics of active nitrogen loss in the four pathways on sloped farmland under conventional fertilization, six lysimeters with a slope of 8° were used. Losses due to NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, N leaching, and N runoff were investigated after urea application on a peanut field with red soil in China during the growing season from 2017–2018. Results reveal that at conventional nitrogen levels of 150 and 172 kg hm−2, the total active nitrogen loss caused by fertilization accounting for the total nitrogen applied was 5.57% and 14.21%, respectively, with the N2O emission coefficients of 0.18% and 0.10%, respectively; the NH3 volatilization coefficients of 2.24% and 0.31%, respectively; the N leakage loss rates of 3.07% and 10.50%, respectively; and the N runoff loss rates of 0.08% and 3.30%, respectively. The dry year was dominated by leaching and NH3 volatilization, while the wet year was dominated by leaching and runoff; the base fertilizer period was dominated by leakage, while the topdressing period was dominated by leakage and runoff, which suggests that the loss of active nitrogen in the soil-peanut system on a sloped red soil was mainly affected by rainfall and fertilization methods. Taken together, reasonable fertilization management and soil and water conservation measures appear to be effective in minimizing the loss of active nitrogen from nitrogen fertilizer.

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