scholarly journals Definition of character for medical education based on the expert opinion in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yera Hur
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clear Statement

Purpose: As a follow-up study, it focused on 3 overarching questions: first, what kind of keywords can be extracted from the experts’ definitions of character?; second, what is the operational definition of character for medical students?; and third, what are the possible solutions suggested to the issues of character education that were found in the previous study? Methods: Sixty-three medical education experts through expert sampling method and an addition of 19 non-medical education experts through snowball sampling method answered the questionnaire. It consisted of 3 major questions of the study. The responses were analyzed for descriptive statistics with supplementary keyword extraction tools including Cortical and Monkey keyword extractor. Results: A total of 93 statements of definition were counted, and a total of 138 keyword terms were extracted. The top 5 keyword terms mentioned by the medical education experts were 'patient', 'empathy', 'qualities', 'attitude', and 'ability'. These keyword terms were quite different from the keywords mentioned by the non-medical education expert group. Based on the extracted keywords, an operational definition of character education by the medical education expert group was presented as follows: The basic qualities and ability to empathize with the patient's illness based on respect for patients and others. Various methods were proposed to solve the issue of character education, and many of them pointed to curriculum development, such as improvement of teaching and learning methods and evaluation methods, including role modeling.Conclusion: A clear statement of the concept of character education is the start to resolve issues of character education. Character education improvements will be possible at the institutional level according to the above results.

scholarly journals Community Experience In Protecting Early-Teenagers From Initiation Of Smoking: An Indonesian Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumboyono Kumboyono ◽  
Achir Yani S. Hamid ◽  
Junaiti Sahar ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Initiation of smoking habit often occurs in early teens due to the interaction of teenagers with the social environment. The community has an important role in protecting teenagers from the habit of smoking. Objective: The research was aimed to explore the experience of the community in protecting the early-teenagers from smoking habit from the perspective of Indonesian people. Materials and Methods: The qualitative study used the descriptive phenomenology approach on 100 participants (early-teenagers, parents, teachers, and school nurses) who were selected through snowball sampling method. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. The data were analysed manually using the data source triangulation method. Results: Six research topics were concluded: 1) screening of habits related to health, 2) smoking bans, 3) punishment for smoking habit, 4) smoke-free counseling, 5) evaluation of efforts done, and 6) follow-up of smoking-free programs. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated the importance of consistent efforts to prevent the initiation of smoking habit in early-teenagers both at school and at home. The communities around them at school and home need to have people with healthy non-smoking habit as good role models for the teens.

Healthcare hackathons: fostering medical education through innovation in a developing country: a case study from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Waqaas Akmal Butt ◽  
Qurratulain Shahood ◽  
Walid Hussain Farooqi ◽  
Kulsoom Ghias ◽  
Saniya Sabzwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundHackathons aim to develop solutions to preidentified problem domains and catalyse startup cultures. Recently, the teaching and learning potential of hackathons has also been documented. In this study, we make the case for utilisation of hackathons as an alternative teaching and learning tool geared towards entrepreneurship and as an opportunity for interprofessional integration.MethodsThis research study followed up with participants from the third hackathon at the Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan. Hack MedEd was about solutions to problems of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education with an emphasis on low-income to middle-income countries. Participant evaluation data were filled at the end of the hackathon and gathered from three focused group discussions (FGDs): immediately before and after the event, a delayed follow-up after 11 months was recorded.ResultsOf 116 participants, the majority (71%) were under 30 years old, and over half were female. The evaluations provided by hackers were positive overall with a mean score of 4.37 out of 5 on a Likert Scale. During the FGDs, participants spoke positively of the process and felt that, by the end of the hackathon, they had learnt something new. In the delayed follow-up FGD, teams that had undergone incubation expressed that they had gained a critical and simple skillset that they might not have acquired otherwise.ConclusionHackathons business incubation programmes may be considered an alternative teaching and learning tool—especially for individuals studying or working within the healthcare discipline within low-resource settings.

Schizoid personality in childhood: a controlled follow-up study

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sula Wolff ◽  
Jonathan Chick
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Definition Of

SyonpsisTwenty-two boys with schizoid personality were followed-up some 10 years later and compared with a matched control group with other diagnoses who had been referred to the same child psychiatry department. The diagnostic category is shown to have predictive validity. A start has been made towards an operational definition of the syndrome.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MENGURANGI PERILAKU MENYIMPANG SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 2 LHOKSEUMAWE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
A Marliah ◽  
M Nazaruddin ◽  
M Akmal
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Curriculum Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Family Contribution

This study focuses on two discussions. First, to describe the application of character education at SMA Negeri 2 Lhokseumawe. Second, to describe the obstacles in the application of character education so that it is not effective in overcoming student deviant behavior. By using a qualitative approach, this study comes to an understanding that the implementation of character education in SMA Negeri 2 Lhokseumawe is carried out through several strategies, including: a). providing outreach to teachers; b). preparation of syllabus and lesson plans based on character education; c). integrating and applying values in the teaching and learning process in the classroom; d) creating a school culture; e) habituation; and f) teacher exemplary. The implementation of character education in order to reduce students' deviant behavior has not been optimal because it faces a number of obstacles, such as a) minimal family contribution; b) inconsistency of values and norms at school and outside school; and c) teachers' difficulties in adapting to curriculum changes. In addition, the definition of deviant behavior and social dysfunction has so far only relied on "blaming deviant individual behavior", but ignores problems at the school structure level that can lead students to deviant behavior and anomie states. ABSTRAKStudi ini berfokus pada dua hal. Pertama melihat penerapan pendidikan karakter di SMA Negeri 2 Lhokseumawe. Kedua, menggambarkan hambatan dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter sehingga tidak efektif dalam mengatasi perilaku menyimpang siswa. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi ini sampai pada pemahaman bahwa penerapan pendidikan karakter di SMA Negeri 2 Lhokseumawe dilakukan melalui beberapa strategi, diantaranya: a). pemberian sosialisasi kepada guru; b). penyusunan Silabus dan RPP yang berbasis pendidikan karakter; c). pengintegrasian dan penerapan nilai-nilai dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas; d) penciptaan budaya sekolah; e) pembiasaan; dan f) keteladanan guru. Penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam rangka mengurangi perilaku menyimpang siswa belum berjalan optimal karena menghadapi sejumlah kendala, seperti a) minimnya kontribusi keluarga; b) inkonsistensi nilai dan norma di sekolah dan di luar sekolah; dan c) kesulitan guru beradaptasi dengan perubahan kurikulum. Selain itu, pendefinisian perilaku menyimpang dan disfungsi sosial selama ini hanya bertumpu pada “menyalahkan perilaku individu yang menyimpang”, tetapi mengabaikan masalah pada level struktur sekolah yang dapat mendorong siswa ke arah perilaku menyimpang dan keadaan anomie.

scholarly journals A comparison of four models of professionalism in medical education

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Curricular Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vanderbilt University

Introduction: The prevailing consensus is that medical professionalism must be formally included as a programme in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify institutions that can serve as models for incorporating professionalism in medical education. Differences and similarities were highlighted based on a framework for the comparison which included the following features: definition of professionalism, curricular design, student selection, teaching and learning innovations, role modelling and methods of assessment. Results: Four models for integrating professionalism in medical education were chosen: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM), University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM), University of Queensland (UQ) School of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School. The task of preparing a programme on medical professionalism requires a well-described definition to set the direction for planning, implementing, and institutionalizing professionalism. The programmes are best woven in all levels of medical education from the pre-clinical to the clinical years. The faculty physicians and the rest of the institution’s staff must also undergo a similar programme for professionalism. Conclusion: The development of all scopes of professionalism requires constant planning, feedback and remediation. The students’ ability to handle professionalism challenges are related to how much learning situations the students encounter during medical school. The learning situations must be adjusted according to the level of responsibilities given to students. The goal of learning is to enable students to grow from a novice to a competent level and afterwards to a proficient and expert level handling professionalism challenges in medicine.

scholarly journals 1680. Guillain Barré Syndrome in Arbovirus Outbreak in Veracruz, Mexico: The Follow-up to 3 Years of the Pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S615-S615
Author(s):  
Luis Del Carpio-Orantes ◽  
Jesús Salvador Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Karla Gabriela Peniche Moguel ◽  
Sergio García-Méndez ◽  
Miguel Arnulfo Perfecto-Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Protocol Study

Abstract Background From the arrival of Zika to America in 2015, and the increase in cases of Guillain sweeten in South America apparently associated with acute viral infection, Mexico had its first contact in 2016, with an increase in the incidence of cases of the syndrome, initiating a protocol study to look for the causal association of the Zika virus syndrome Methods We conducted a descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal study in Veracruz, Mexico, where follow-up of cases of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) occurred during 2016 to 2018. The central point of the study is to look for the etiological association of GBS with the presence of acute zika infection. Secondarily, other know neutropic agents, both viral and bacterial were searched. The diagnosis techniques used were PCR-RT (blood and urine) and IgM/IgG for Zika; serum PCR-RT and IgM/IgG for Dengue and Chikungunya; IgM/IgG for TORCH; PCR-RT in CSF for Herpes and Enterovirus; serological panel of Hepatitis B and C; PCR-RT in rectal swab for Campylobacter. Results A cohort of 39 patients has been formed over 3 years of study. 38 patients met the operational definition of a suspected case of Zika, of which only 2 cases were identified by PCR-RT in urine; During the search protocol for infectious agents, others were identified such as: Dengue, Chikungunya, Enterovirus, Herpes and Hepatitis B; however, the identification of Campylobacter was even more remarkable, also highlighting that only four patients had diarrhea. Regarding the treatment, 37 patients received IVIG, 1 patient received plasmapheresis and 1 patient received both. The prognosis was good in 34 patients (basal Hugues from 4–5 to 2), 5 had poor functional prognosis and died. Conclusion The incidence of Zika as a cause of GBS is relatively low (5%), so the etiological association could not be demonstrated; other neurotropic viral agents were identified, however the presence of Campylobacter cases was more notable (asymptomatic campylobacteriosis). Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Characters and values in mathematics teaching and learning: A review of researches in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
Sofyan Mahfudy ◽  
Kamirsyah Wahyu ◽  
Mauliddin Mauliddin ◽  
Lalu Sucipto ◽  
Erpin Evendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Values Development ◽  
Mathematics Teaching And Learning ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Learning Data

[English]: This article aims to critically review researches on characters and values in mathematics teaching and learning. Data for the review was the research articles authored by Indonesian mathematics education researchers and published in the online peer-review journals. The articles were searched in national scientific databases, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The searches resulted in forty articles which aim to develop students' character and values through mathematics lesson. Five steps, i.e., text interpretation, coding, analysis, discussion, and reconsideration, are employed to analyze the articles qualitatively. The review reveals the articles lack of theoretical basis in the conceptualization of character/values, the development of character/values, and their measurement. Twenty-six articles on character did not define the notion clearly; meanwhile, the other articles only cite some definitions, but no operational definition was made. Character is a multifaceted construct which requires an operational definition to measure its development. In developing character and values, various strategies were utilized, but the most authors have not addressed theoretical analysis and rationale on their feasibility and relations the conceptualization of the notions. All articles did not provide any explanation on whether the instruments used were developed with respect to the nature of character or values development and fulfill psychometric properties. In this case, we argue that the researches were unfocused and not extensive. In this article, related theories and prior works are thoroughly discussed to shed light on the researching topics. Further research which relates to character education program in Indonesia is also elaborated. Keywords: Review, Character, Values, Mathematic teaching [Bahasa]: Artikel ini bertujuan mengulas secara kritis penelitian terkait karakter dan nilai dalam pembelajaran matematika. Data untuk ulasan merupakan artikel hasil penelitian yang ditulis oleh peneliti pendidikan matematika Indonesia dan diterbitkan di jurnal daring yang sudah melalui ulasan sejawat. Artikel dicari melalui basis data ilmiah nasional, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar. Pencarian menghasilkan 40 artikel yang bertujuan membangun karakter dan nilai siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Artikel dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui lima langkah yaitu interpretasi teks, penyusunan kode, analisis, diskusi, dan pertimbangan kembali. Ulasan menunjukkan bahwa artikel tersebut memiliki kekurangan dasar teoritis dalam konseptualisasi karakter/nilai, pengembangan karakter/nilai, dan aspek pengukuran. Dua puluh enam artikel yang membahas karakter tidak mendefinisikan istilah tersebut dengan jelas, sedangkan artikel yang lain hanya mengutip beberapa definisi tetapi tidak membuat definisi operasional. Karakter memiliki makna yang bervariasi sehingga membutuhkan definisi operasional untuk mengukur perkembangan pada diri siswa. Dalam mengembangkan karakter dan nilai, beragam strategi digunakan tetapi kebanyakan penulis tidak menjelaskan analisis teoritis and rasionalisasi kenapa strategi tersebut dapat digunakan dan berkaitan dengan konseptualisasi karakter/nilai. Semua artikel tidak memberikan penjelasan apakah instrumen yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan karakteristik perkembangan karakter atau nilai dan memenuhi kriteria psikometri. Dalam hal ini, penelitian terkait karakter/nilai tersebut belum fokus dan berskala kecil. Dalam artikel ini, beberapa teori yang relevan dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dijelaskan secara mendalam untuk memberikan arah penelitian topik tersebut. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang berkaitan dengan program pendidikan karakter di Indonesia juga dibahas. Kata kunci: Analisis, Karakter, Nilai, Pembelajaran Matematika

scholarly journals Covid19 Pandemic, Closing Gaps in the Responses and Transmission Chain Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hamid Yahya Hussain ◽  
◽  
Bushra baderkhan ◽  
Mohamed Hamid Hamid ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operational Definition ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Emerging and reemerging pathogens are global challenges for public health.1 Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that are distributed broadly among humans, other mammals, and birds and that cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. the high prevalence and wide distribution of coronaviruses, the large genetic diversity and frequent recombination of their genomes, and increasing human–animal interface activities, novel coronaviruses are likely to emerge periodically in humans owing to frequent cross-species infections and occasional spillover event. Objectives: To study the short-term morbidities and mortalities and international spread time trends of the N Corona Virus 2019 outbreak, to study, to study the explosiveness and aggressiveness of the outbreak and the gaps in response. Methodology: Outbreak events follow up and observation study over two months has been carried out through daily statistical reports issuing by world health organizations as all as different national authorities regarding (mortalities and morbidities incidents) all over the world with specific focusing on china statistics as main sources of outbreak . Operational definition of variables regarding case confirmation, case recovery, case admission, and case contacts has been adopted as per WHO definitions. Unofficial statistical reports excluded as a source of data. Results: The current study showed that the number of cases of N corona-virus 2019 infection, started with (41) cases at the beginning of January 2020 increased up to 855 cases in 23rd January 2020 and 7700 case of infection in 29th of january 2020 which keep raising up reached up to 78823 in 23rd of February as for mortalities, the current research revealed that number of death was only (1) case in 4th of feb 2020 increased up to 25 death in 23rd of February 2020 and keep raising reached up to 170 deaths in January 29th 2020 and 2462 death case in 23rd of feb 2020 as reflected by). In regards of geographical spread of the n corona –virus 2019 infection outbreak, the study showed that in January 4th 2020 only one country was affected which was china, on 8th of January 2020 two countries were affected as Thailand discovered cases, on 13th of January 3 countries were affected by adding Singapore to the list, on Feb 5th 27 country reported incidence of N Corona –virus 2019 infection and reached up to 35 country by 23rd of February Conclusions: The natural history and course of the current outbreak revealed high explosive nature linked to significant aggressiveness in terms of complications and mortalities, within only two months period speeded out to 35 countries worldwide and reached you 80000 incidence within only two months. The study forecasted that the peak of the outbreak is not yet attended and more dramatic events still has high potentials.

scholarly journals Developmental Evaluation: six ways to get a grip on the potential of education scholarship to serve innovation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Parker ◽  
Allia Karim ◽  
Risa Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Developmental Evaluation ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Educational Need ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Implementation Of Innovations

In March 2020, COVID-19 challenged health and educational systems across the country. The rapid reallocation of resources to ensure public safety had taken priority over educational obligations. Healthcare students were removed from clinical environments as their learning came to a grinding halt. While academic institutions were pivoting and transforming teaching and learning experiences, students responded to the pandemic with innovation, attending to gaps in patient care. As educators, we must understand how we can further support students and faculty to unleash innovative thinking during a crisis. To begin to address this educational need, academic institutions now have an opportunity to broaden the practice of education scholarship in accordance with best practices to nurture innovation and innovative thinking. What framework can aid us in this endeavor? In times of instability, Developmental Evaluation is an approach that can support the implementation of innovations within medical education. Using an example of an innovation in medical education, we offer six practical tips to begin to use Developmental Evaluation to support and enable learners and faculty in the creation of innovations and contribute to a broader definition of education scholarship.

scholarly journals Mortalities and Morbidities Trends of COVID-19 Infection, From Explosiveness to Aggressiveness, Understanding Gaps in System Response and Transmission Chain Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain YH ◽  
Baderkhan B ◽  
Hamid M ◽  
Hamid A
Keyword(s):  
Operational Definition ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
System Response ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Emerging and reemerging pathogens are global challenges for public health. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that are distributed broadly among humans, other mammals, and birds and that cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. the high prevalence and wide distribution of coronaviruses, the large genetic diversity and frequent recombination of their genomes, and increasing human-animal interface activities, novel coronaviruses are likely to emerge periodically in humans owing to frequent cross-species infections and occasional spillover event. Objectives: To study the short-term morbidities and mortalities and international spread time trends of the N Corona Virus 2019 outbreak, to study, to study the explosiveness and aggressiveness of the outbreak and the gaps in response. Methodology: Outbreak events follow up and observation study over two months has been carried out through daily statistical reports issuing by world health organizations as all as different national authorities regarding (mortalities and morbidities incidents) all over the world with specific focusing on china statistics as main sources of the outbreak. The operational definition of variables regarding case confirmation, case recovery, case admission, and case contacts has been adopted as per WHO definitions. Unofficial statistical reports excluded as a source of data. Results: The current study showed that the number of cases of N corona-virus 2019 infection, started with (41) cases at the beginning of January 2020 increased up to 855 cases in 23rd January 2020 and 7700 cases of infection in 29th of January 2020 which keep raising and reached up to 78823 by 23rd of February as for mortalities, the current research revealed that the number of death was only (1) case in 4th of Feb 2020 increased up to 25 deaths in 23rd of February 2020 and keep raising reached up to 170 deaths in January 29th, 2020 and 2462 death case in 23rd of Feb 2020. In regards of the geographical spread of the N corona-virus 2019 infection outbreak, the study showed that on January 4th, 2020 only one country was affected which was china, on 8th of January 2020 two countries were affected as Thailand discovered cases, on 13th of January 3 countries were affected by adding Singapore to the list, on Feb 5th 27 countries reported incidence of N Corona-virus 2019 infection and reached up to 35 countries by 23rd of February. Conclusions: The natural history and course of the current outbreak revealed high explosive nature linked to significant aggressiveness in terms of complications and mortalities, within only two months period speeded out to 35 countries worldwide and reached you 80000 incidences within only two months. The study forecasted that the peak of the outbreak is not yet attended and more dramatic events still have high potentials.

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