scholarly journals Revitalizing Conversations: Lessons From and About the Production of Intersubjective and Intercultural Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Ana Margarita Ramos ◽  
Claudia Briones

Based on our present working-experience with a Mapuche kimche (sage) and a logko (spiritual and political leader), we aim at intervening in broader debates on the intersubjective and intercultural production of knowledge. To do so, we pay special attention to contemporary mandates and pervasive conceptions about forms of practicing a better, more proper anthropology. We approach the problem from three different viewpoints: (a) discomforts and disagreements with naturalized forms of initiating, certifying, informing, writing, citing, and authorizing knowledge; (b) the Mapuche etiquette to converse properly and its various bets on horizontality; (c) review of our own philosophy of language, particularly the concepts of translation and performativity.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Marisa Rosâni Abreu da Silveira ◽  
Valdomiro Pinheiro Teixeira Junior ◽  
Paulo Vilhena da Silva

Este texto objetiva discutir o relativismo na Educação Matemática e suas consequências para a aprendizagem, principalmente quando a objetividade da Matemática é colocada em suspeição, ao considerar que a produção do conhecimento é relativa a cada cultura, sociedade e indivíduo. Para tanto, a partir de um ensaio teórico, analisamos a relação entre relativismo, ciência e Educação Matemática. Refletindo sobre a formação de sujeitos capazes de compreender a realidade de maneira cada vez mais elaborada, apontamos a Matemática escolar como instância socializadora dos conhecimentos sistematizados. Nossa análise busca evidenciar que a objetividade sempre esteve presente na construção da ciência e, nesse sentido, destacamos a objetividade da Matemática na filosofia da linguagem, esclarecendo como está entrelaçada com a linguagem, permitindo um conhecimento objetivo do mundo, contribuindo, a nosso ver, para o debate a respeito da valorização do saber escolar, em particular o matemático, tão importante para o desenvolvimento de qualquer sociedade.Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Objetividade. Relativismo.Mathematical objectivity and relativism in Mathematics EducationAbstract: This paper aims to discuss relativism in Mathematics Education and its consequences for learning, especially when the objectivity of Mathematics is put in suspicion, considering the production of knowledge relative to each culture, society and individual. To do so, from a theoretical essay, we analyze the relation between relativism, science and Mathematical Education. Reflecting on the formation of subjects capable of understanding reality in an increasingly elaborate way, we point the school Mathematics as a socializing instance of systematized knowledge. Our analysis seeks to show that objectivity has always been present in the construction of science and in this sense we highlight the objectivity of mathematics in the philosophy of language, clarifying how it is intertwined with language, allowing an objective knowledge of the world, contributing, in our view, for the debate on the valorization of school knowledge, in particular the mathematical one, so important for the development of any society.Keywords: Mathematics Education. Objectivity. Relativism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sandra Lourenço de Andrade Fortuna ◽  
Olegna de Souza Guedes

Abstract This theoretical essay has as its object the production of knowledge in social work and emphasizes its importance in the current conjuncture. It was written from the analysis of contributions by authors of this area that reflect on this theme and from Marxist authors who analyze the method and the production of knowledge from dialectical historical materialism. To do so, it chooses two premises. The first refers to the production of knowledge as one of the expressions of human activity that, in the movement of reality, seeks the apprehension of particularities as expressions of concrete thought. The second refers to the defense of the necessary linkage of research in the field of social work with the social meaning of this profession, which, in the contemporary era, bears itself in a direction sustained in its current and radically current political ethical project.


The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity contains forty-four commissioned chapters on a wide range of topics. It will appeal especially to readers with an interest in ethics or epistemology, but also to those with an interest in philosophy of mind or philosophy of language. Both students and academics will benefit from the fact that the Handbook combines helpful overviews with innovative contributions to current debates. A diverse selection of substantive positions are defended by leading proponents of the views in question. Few concepts have received as much attention in recent philosophy as the concept of a reason. This is the first edited collection to provide broad coverage of the study of reasons and normativity across multiple philosophical subfields. In addition to focusing on reasons as part of the study of ethics and as part of the study of epistemology (as well as focusing on reasons as part of the study of the philosophy of language and as part of the study of the philosophy of mind), the Handbook covers recent developments concerning the nature of normativity in general. A number of the contributions to the Handbook explicitly address such “metanormative” issues, bridging subfields as they do so.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-120
Author(s):  
Rogério Tílio ◽  
Thaís Sampaio ◽  
Gabriel Martins

Upon the understanding of Applied Linguistics as an indisciplinary field of inquiry that aims to create intelligibility regarding language-centered social problems (MOITA LOPES, 2006), this article introduces a pedagogical instrument, a Critical Multiliteracies Thematic Project, as a means to develop learners’ critical social agency. The nature of this educational project derives from the pedagogy of critical sociointeractional literacy (TILIO, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2015), whose understanding of language teaching permeates notions of citizenship that defy hegemonic discourses by prompting the analysis of themes and language, and the adoption of a constant critical stance. As the pedagogical project in focus situates its practices through alternative Brazilian female voices, students of an extension English course are led to respond to the multiple discourses on gender-imbricated matters that dwells their social horizons (VOLÓCHINOV, 2017 [1929]). Hence, by investigating the dialogue established between the project and a student, this article intends to contribute to the production of knowledge on social life. In order to do so, we selected a task that integrates the project and a multimodal digital text produced by a student in response to the project. We close off the article by framing the relevance of ethically committed language education in promoting learners’ transforming practices.


1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Gross

Abstract: Vico's theory of metaphor is best understood as a monster in the tradition of classical rhetorical invention. It is the mutant offspring of metaphor characterized as “necessary” (an “ear” of com, for example) and metaphor characterized in terms of analogy. From the perspective of his method. Vico marries these apparently incompatible forms inherited from Aristotle and thereby identifies a third type of linguistic metaphor. I argue that the metaphor identifies a stipulatory definition taken out of context. In order to situate this claim, I outline Vico's genetic analysis and elaborate in general terms what metaphor and definition share. Most importantly. Vico insists that beings, actions, and events are linguistically identified in some particular diseursive context. Indeed, in many cases that context alone determines whether the expression can be called a definition or a metaphor. Like Cicero's ideal jurist, Vico's hero employs motivated words and realizes possibilities available to common sense. Henee Vico's theory of metaphor is both “constructivist”—language has the power to makes things—and “humartist”—it must do so in a form appropriate to history and culture. Vico's theory is consequently important to us because it challenges the proper/figurative distinction championed in the philosophy of language and adds a pragmatic dimension to contemporary views of metaphor at work in literary theory.


Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (234) ◽  
pp. 317-420
Author(s):  
Susan Petrilli

AbstractThe contribution that may come from the general science of signs, semiotics, to the planning and development of education and learning at all levels, from early schooling through to university education and learning should not be neglected. As Umberto Eco claims in the “Introduction” to the Italian edition of his book Semiotica and Philosophy of Language (1984: xii, my trans.), “[general semiotics] is Semiotica e filosofia del linguaggio. Turin: Einaudi; in nature, because it does not study a particular system, but posits the general categories in light of which different systems can be compared. And for general semiotics philosophical discourse is neither advisable nor urgent: it is simply constitutive.” To the title of their book Semiotic Theory of Learning, at the centre of our attention in the present text, Andrew Stables, Winfried Nöth, Alin Olteanu, Sébastien Pesce, and Eetu Pikkarainen, rightly add the subtitle New Perspectives in the Philosophy of Education. This multivoiced contribution to research in learning and education in a semiotic framework has a unifying reference in the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce, but without disregarding an array of other distinguished exponents of the teaching and education sciences from different disciplines, semioticians and philosophers alike. This book, a polyphonic effort, with its appeal to “act otherwise,” and to do so investing in learning and education, no doubt makes a significant contribution in such a direction: education for transformation, for humanizing social change. Beyond evidencing what to us are particularly interesting aspects of the topics under discussion in Semiotic Theory of Learning, we also propose to continue and amplify this multivoiced dialogue. While highlighting still other aspects and contributions made by the same semioticians and philosophers presented by the authors of this book, involving such figures as Charles Peirce, Charles Morris, Thomas Sebeok, John Deely, etc., we have further introduced other voices made to resound throughout, whether directly or indirectly, like that of Victoria Welby, Mikhail Bakhtin, Emmanuel Levinas, Adam Schaff, Ferruccio Rossi-Landi, Marcel Danesi, Augusto Ponzio, and Genevieve Vaughan.


Author(s):  
Daniel Stoljar

Can there be progress in philosophy? On the one hand, it is often thought that problems in philosophy, in contrast to those in science, are perennials for which it is pointless to expect a solution. On the other hand, professional philosophy seems to have organized itself, perhaps unconsciously, around the opposite view: how else to explain the panoply of books, papers, journals, conferences, graduate programmes, websites, etc.? Who is right? And what turns on who is right? This book defends a reasonable optimism about philosophical progress. Optimistic, because the author argues that, contrary to a widespread attitude of pessimism common even among professional philosophers, we have correctly answered philosophical questions in the past and therefore should expect to do so in the future; The work discusses several examples from philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and epistemology. Reasonable, because the optimism the author has in mind does not extend to every instance of the sort of problem called ‘philosophical’ or even to every subkind of that sort of problem.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sandra Lourenço de Andrade Fortuna ◽  
Olegna de Souza Guedes

Abstract This theoretical essay has as its object the production of knowledge in social work and emphasizes its importance in the current conjuncture. It was written from the analysis of contributions by authors of this area that reflect on this theme and from Marxist authors who analyze the method and the production of knowledge from dialectical historical materialism. To do so, it chooses two premises. The first refers to the production of knowledge as one of the expressions of human activity that, in the movement of reality, seeks the apprehension of particularities as expressions of concrete thought. The second refers to the defense of the necessary linkage of research in the field of social work with the social meaning of this profession, which, in the contemporary era, bears itself in a direction sustained in its current and radically current political ethical project.


1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Woolf

“Lies, damned lies,” the possibly apocryphal comment of a British political leader on statistics about the unemployment consequences of his economic policy in the 1920s, sums up the impotent, frustrated acceptance of the ubiquitous presence of this tool of modern administration. We have slipped into living with statistics as we have with television or computers, even into accepting the assertions of value-free neutrality of its more brash exponents. The study of statistics is integral to the development of the modern state and modern society. Hence the relative paucity of studies of how statistics became what they are today is somewhat surprising, not least because its history offers insights into so many aspects of modern life, from the self-perception of society to the internal history of the exact and medical sciences, from the relationship between state and citizen to the social implications of the production of knowledge.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.


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