Improving health of broiler chickens by early life modulation of immune responsiveness and intestinal microbiota

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence have shown that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in prevention of host obesity and metabolism disorders. Recent studies also demonstrate that early life is the key time for the colonization of intestinal microbes in host. However, there are few studies focusing on possible association between intestinal microbiota in the early life and metabolism in adulthood. Therefore the present study was conducted to examine whether the short term antibiotic and/or probiotic exposure in early life could affect intestinal microbes and their possible long term effects on host metabolism. Results A high-fat diet resulted in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders with higher levels of visceral fat rate, insulin-resistance indices, and leptin. Exposure to ceftriaxone in early life aggravated the negative influences of a high-fat diet on mouse physiology. Orally fed TMC3115 protected mice, especially those who had received treatment throughout the whole study, from damage due to a high-fat diet, such as increases in levels of fasting blood glucose and serum levels of insulin, leptin, and IR indices. Exposure to ceftriaxone during the first 2 weeks of life was linked to dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota with a significant decrease in the species richness and diversity. However, the influence of orally fed ceftriaxone on the fecal microbiota was limited to 12 weeks after the termination of treatment. Of note, at week 12 there were still some differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota between mice provided with high fat diet and antibiotic exposure and those only fed a high fat diet. Conclusions These results indicated that exposure to antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, in early life may aggravate the negative influences of a high-fat diet on the physiology of the host animal. These results also suggest that the crosstalk between the host and their intestinal microbiota in early life may be more important than that in adulthood, even though the same intestinal microbes are present in adulthood.

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Ratio of Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium in early life correlates with later development of paediatric allergy

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2017.0020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 681-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J.S.Y. Low ◽

S.-E. Soh ◽

Y.K. Lee ◽

K.Y.C. Kwek ◽

J.D. Holbrook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Allergic Disease ◽

Early Life ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Early Infancy ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Paediatric Allergy

Several studies have reported that intestinal microbial colonisation patterns differ between non-allergic and allergic infants. However, the microbial signature underlying the pathogenesis of allergies remains unclear. We aim to gain insight into the development of the intestinal microbiota of healthy infants and infants who develop allergy in early life, and identify potential microbiota biomarkers of later allergic disease. Using a case-control design in a Chinese sub-cohort of a Singaporean birth cohort (GUSTO), we utilised 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess intestinal microbial composition and diversity of 21 allergic and 18 healthy infants at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of age, and correlated the microbiota with allergy at ages 18 and 36 months. Pronounced differences in intestinal microbiota composition between allergic and healthy infants were observed at 3 months of age. The intestine of healthy infants was colonised with higher abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium. Conversely, Klebsiella, an opportunistic pathogen, was significantly enriched in the allergic infants. Interestingly, infants with a high Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium (K/B) ratio (above the population median K/B ratio) at age 3 months had an odds ratio of developing allergy by 3 years of age of 9.00 (95% confidence interval 1.46-55.50) compared to those with low K/B ratio. This study demonstrated a relationship between the ratio of genera Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium during early infancy and development of paediatric allergy in childhood. Our study postulates that an elevated K/B ratio in early infancy could be a potential indicator of an increased risk of allergy development. This line of research might enable future intervention strategies in early life to prevent or treat allergy. Our study provides new insights into microbial signatures associated with childhood allergy, in particular, suggests that an elevated K/B ratio could be a potential early-life microbiota biomarker of allergic disease.

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Insights Into the Proteomic Profile of Newly Harvested Corn and Metagenomic Analysis of the Broiler Intestinal Microbiota

10.21203/rs.3.rs-687305/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dafei Yin ◽

Youli Wang ◽

Liqun Wang ◽

Yuqin Wu ◽

Xiaoyi Bian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Proteomic Profile ◽

Gut Health ◽

Digesta Viscosity

Abstract BackgroundThe use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens. MethodsNewly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7d Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens. ResultsPasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P≤0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens. ConclusionsStorage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea.

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Changes of intestinal microbiota in early life

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2018.1506760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1036-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Monica Ficara ◽

Elisa Pietrella ◽

Caterina Spada ◽

Elisa Della Casa Muttini ◽

Laura Lucaccioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Early Life

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Multi-population cohort meta-analysis of human intestinal microbiota in early life reveals the existence of infant community state types (ICSTs)

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 2480-2493

Author(s):

Leonardo Mancabelli ◽

Chiara Tarracchini ◽

Christian Milani ◽

Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽

Federico Fontana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Early Life ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Cohort ◽

Human Intestinal Microbiota

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Yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Col: Tenebrionidae), larvae powder as dietary protein sources for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance, carcass traits, selected intestinal microbiota and blood parameters

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.13434 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shadi Sedgh‐Gooya ◽

Mehran Torki ◽

Maryam Darbemamieh ◽

Hassan Khamisabadi ◽

Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Yellow Mealworm ◽

Protein Sources

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Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin J25 on Growth Performance, Immune Regulation, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli and Salmonella

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gang Wang ◽

Qinglong Song ◽

Shuo Huang ◽

Yuming Wang ◽

Shuang Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptide ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Immune Regulation ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Villus Height ◽

Microcin J25 ◽

Challenge Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) on growth performance, immune regulation, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. A total of 3120 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to five groups (12 replicates, 52 chickens per replicate). The treatments were control, challenge (0 mg/kg MccJ25), different dosages of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (0.5 and 1mg/kg MccJ25), and antibiotic groups (20 mg/kg colistin sulfate). The MccJ25 groups increased the body weight gain (starter and overall) that was reduced in the challenge group. The overall (day 1 to day 42) feed-to-gain ratio (G:F) was significantly decreased in AMP groups compared with the challenge group. Birds fed AMP had a decreased population of total anaerobic bacteria (day 21 and day 42) and E. coli (day 21 and day 42) in feces, as well as a lower Salmonella infection rate (day 21 and day 42) compared with birds in the challenge group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as the villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum were greater in AMP groups than birds in the challenge group. Moreover, MccJ25 linearly improved the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum. The addition of MccJ25 decreased the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared with challenge group. At d 21, MccJ25 linearly reduced the level of IL-6. In conclusion, dietary supplemented MccJ25 eﬀectively improved performance, systematic inﬂammation, and improved fecal microbiota composition of the broilers.

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