scholarly journals Communication between the Towns and the County Authority: The Free Royal Towns and Šariš County at the Beginning of the 16th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
István Kádas
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Town

In this paper, I focus on the channels of communication between the free royal towns of Šariš and the county authority at the beginning of the 16th century. In this period, the towns of Bardejov and Prešov became feudal landowners in the county and, as a result, they had to develop a close relationship with the county nobility. Alongside the official documents of the county authority, the noble judges also often wrote letters to the towns, in which they often mixed official and private matters. There were also verbal lines of communication; the noble community of Šariš county frequently sent emissaries to the town, and these elected envoys were often chosen from the former or acting noble judges who lived in the villages neighbouring the towns. This had the added advantage, for the towns, that they could draw upon the legal experience of these former officeholders. Both Bardejov and Prešov employed former noble judges as town lawyers.

Albrecht Durer and the 16TH Century Melancholy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Marcel Henrique Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Deep Sense

Little has been discussed in academia about the close relationship between the Renaissance of the 16th century and melancholy humor, and esoteric elements arising mainly from Florentine Neoplatonism. The link between melancholy and esotericism becomes very clear when we analyze the gravure “Melencolia I” by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), composed of a significant number of symbols that refer to an esoteric religious culture that then emerged. Renaissance melancholy gained several nuances. On the one hand, it was considered a sin, a despicable mood characteristic of witches; on the other hand, a deep sense of inspiration typical of men of “genius”. This ambivalence also occurred in the firmament, as the melancholic people were guided by the dark planet Saturn, according to astrological belief. We also have the cultural scenario of the 16th century, especially in Dürer's Germany, which contributed to strengthening the melancholy issues.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

scholarly journals БАЛКАНСКИ ИМИГРАНТИ У ПОЉСКОЈ XVI ВЕКА. СЛУЧАЈ БРАЋЕ ДУКАЂИНОВИЧА, ВЛАСНИКА ГРАДА УЛАНОВА НА ПОДОЉУ BALKAN IMMIGRANTS IN POLAND OF THE 16TH CENTURY. CASE OF BROTHERS DUKAGJINI, OWNERS OF THE TOWN OF ULANOV IN PODOLIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Гжегож Јавор
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
The Town

Апстракт: Миграције с простора Балкана у пoљске земље током XV и XVI века спадају у проблеме који су ретко обрађивани у историографији. Те миграције сматране су појавом мањег значаја, мада су поједини истраживачи прошлости покренули њихову обраду на маргинама појединих расправа које се тичу шире проблематике, али је ова тематика ипак остала и даље у категоријама ретких примера. Предузимању ширих истраживања није ишла на руку ни специфичности информација у изворима: оне су малобројне, по правилу веома уопштене и разбацане у бројним издањима изворâ и рукописних материјала, похрањених у пољским архивама. Циљ је овога рада да укаже на судбину представника породице назначене у наслову рада – Дукађиновича, која је вероватно из Албаније досељена у XVI веку на подручје Подоља, области која је тада припадала Пољском краљевству. Аутора су посебно интересовали место порекла ових дошљака, узроци и вероватни правац њиховог миграционог кретања, као и привредне иницијативе у новој домовини. Такође је указано на тешкоће с којима су се морали сучелити на Подољу, а чија је последица на крају био и неуспех подухвата браће Дукађинович. Исто тако, суштински задатак овога рада била је намера аутора да укаже на потенцијалне, до сада неискоришћене могућности предузимања целовитих истраживања миграција представника разних балканских етноса у правцу граница пољско-литванске државе, како у позном средњем веку тако и у раном новом веку. У том оквиру намеће се као постулат израда посебних монографија о овој проблематици. Кључне речи: Балкан, миграције, Пољска, Подоље, XVI век.

I. The Defection of Sir Edward Dering, 1640–1641

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civil War ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Town

Historiography of the years immediately preceding the English civil war has tended to conceive of two disparate entities in politics, Westminster and the localities. There are in practice two distinct kinds of history, reflecting diis division, which connect only on rare occasions. The latest major work on the period can, despite its title, limit itself almost entirely to the confines of Westminster and the court, while the student is faintly aware of volumes of local works which contain scarcely a hint of what passes outside the town wall or beyond the county boundary. Parliament was indeed an aggressively self-conscious and independent body, and the county or borough was frequently particularist and introverted, but this did not preclude all contact between the two. Dr Pearl has demonstrated how vulnerable parliament was to the influence of London, and vice versa, and there have recently been several local studies which illustrate the close relationship between the county and the centre. But by and large, Clarendon's assessment of the importance of the Buckinghamshire petition against the attempt on the Five Members, and the obvious prominence accorded by Commons leaders of both sides to petitioning, has not been sufficiently appreciated. Parliament was deeply concerned about what might be termed ‘public opinion’: events in the localities, and the reactions to parliament's policies.

Albrecht Dürer And The 16th Century Melancholy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Marcel Henrique Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Deep Sense

Little has been discussed in academia about the close relationship between the Renaissance of the 16th century and melancholy humor, and esoteric elements arising mainly from Florentine Neoplatonism. The link between melancholy and esotericism becomes very clear when we analyze the gravure “Melencolia I” by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), composed of a significant number of symbols that refer to an esoteric religious culture that then emerged. Renaissance melancholy gained several nuances. On the one hand, it was considered a sin, a despicable mood characteristic of witches; on the other hand, a deep sense of inspiration typical of men of “genius”. This ambivalence also occurred in the firmament, as the melancholic people were guided by the dark planet Saturn, according to astrological belief. We also have the cultural scenario of the 16th century, especially in Dürer's Germany, which contributed to strengthening the melancholy issues.

scholarly journals EARLY CRIMEAN KHANATE SETTLEMENTS AS THE PRECURSORS OF THE TOWN OF BAKHCHYSARAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Ramazan Alchikov ◽  
◽  
Zarema Nagayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Introduction: This paper analyzes the formation and development of major medieval settlements that emerged in the 14th–16th century within the boundaries of the modern Bakhchysarai. We studied written and archaeological sources to examine the evolution and structure of these settlements, and provide a general overview of the surviving architectural ensembles and landmarks. Bakhchysarai, the former capital of the Crimean Khanate, is one of those Crimean settlements where the medieval planning structure of the old town and the original organic links to the natural landscape survive to this day. Purpose of the study: We aimed to identify the historical background and specifics of how the Old Town and the surrounding historical complexes formed in Bakhchysarai. Our research involved examining historical, archaeological, and contemporary scientific sources and written media, as well as selecting and analyzing theoretical works, normative documents, and architectural designs relevant to the subject at hand. When making a systemic summary of the data that we examined, we used the following methods: structural and functional analysis, synthesis, deduction, generalization, and the comparative historical method. Results: Our findings show that, at the early stages of statehood in the Crimean Khanate, several settlements thrived in the region: Eski Yurt, which started out as a cultural, administrative, and economic hub and eventually became a major religious center; Qırq Yer, an ancient fortified cave settlement that survived into the early 20th century; and the Salacık settlement at the foot of Çufut Qale, which became the most direct precursor of the new capital in Bakhchysarai. The ruins of these settlements are part of the modern Bakhchysarai’s cultural heritage; they lie within its boundaries and greatly influence its modern appearance.

scholarly journals La varias veces pionera Capilla Bakócz = The several times pioneer chapel Bakócz

2014 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Laura Corrales Pérez
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Renaissance Architecture ◽  
Early Beginning ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Main Influence

Levantada a principios del siglo XVI en Esztergom, la capilla  funeraria del cardenal Tamás Bakócz se aleja del gótico  dominante para constituir el ejemplo más precoz y depurado de arquitectura renacentista al norte de los Alpes. Prematuramente próxima a sus contemporáneos italianos, se vio influenciada por la procedencia artística de sus maestros constructores, y por la poderosa figura de su mecenas y su estrecha relación con el papa Julio II, embarcado en la concepción de la nueva basílica  vaticana. Relevante es también su historia tras la muerte de su patrón. Tras sobrevivir ilesa a casi 150 años de dominación  otomana, fue objeto a comienzos del siglo XIX de una  impresionante y pionera operación de despiece y traslado que aún hoy sigue sorprendiendo por su contemporánea concepción sobre el valor de lo monumental. Abstract Built in the first decade of the 16th century in the Hungarian city of Esztergom, the burial chapel of Cardinal Tamás Bakócz  abandoned the dominant Gothic style to constitute the earliest and most perfect example of Renaissance architecture north of the Alps. Surprisingly close to Italian examples from the same period, this Hungarian building was strongly conditioned by the artistic background of its building masters. However, its main influence came from the leading figure of the Cardinal and his close relationship with the Pope Julius II, who was working at that time in the project for the new Vatican basilica. It is also highly relevant the evolution of the chapel after Bakócz's death. It survived to 150 years of Turkish occupation before being cut into pieces and transferred to a new place. This pioneer process took place in the early beginning of XIX century and is still surprising for the modern concept about restoration that it involves.

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