Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity Is Preserved in Young, Healthy Men During a Single Bout of Strenuous Physical Exercise

In the present study we aimed to evaluate whether oxidative stress and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise affect glycocalyx integrity and endothelial function. Twenty one young, untrained healthy men performed a maximal incremental cycling exercise – until exhaustion. Markers of glycocalyx shedding (syndecan-1, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid), endothelial status (nitric oxide and prostacyclin metabolites – nitrate, nitrite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α), oxidative stress (8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine) and antioxidant capacity (uric acid, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity) as well as markers of inflammation (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1) were analyzed in venous blood samples taken at rest and at the end of exercise. The applied strenuous exercise caused a 5-fold increase in plasma lactate and hypoxanthine concentrations (p<0.001), a fall in plasma uric acid concentration and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (p<10−4), accompanied by an increase (p=0.003) in sVCAM-1 concentration. Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α concentration increased (p=0.006) at exhaustion, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations were not affected. Surprisingly, no significant changes in serum syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate concentrations were observed. We have concluded, that a single bout of severe-intensity exercise is well accommodated by endothelium in young, healthy men as it neither results in evident glycocalyx disruption nor in the impairment of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207322666190806123616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 496-501

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽

Parisa Falsafi ◽

Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽

Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽

Jalal Poorolajal

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

The Body ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

The Mean ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Changes in Plasma Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide Following a Rural Tertiary Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Heart Lung and Circulation ◽

10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.489 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. S316-S317

Author(s):

Andrew Fenning ◽

Anna Voss ◽

Len Knott ◽

Fiona Coulson

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation Program ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Plasma Markers

Download Full-text

Role of oxidative stress in the renal abnormalities induced by experimental hyperuricemia

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00104.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (4) ◽

pp. F1134-F1141 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada ◽

Virgilia Soto ◽

Edilia Tapia ◽

Carmen Avila-Casado ◽

Yuri Y. Sautin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Renal Vasoconstriction ◽

Renal Abnormalities ◽

Oxonic Acid

Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic feature during the renal damage induced by mild hyperuricemia. The mechanism by which uric acid reduces the bioavailability of intrarenal nitric oxide is not known. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress might contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and glomerular hemodynamic changes that occur with hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by administration of the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid (750 mg/kg per day). The superoxide scavenger, tempol (15 mg/kg per day), or placebo was administered simultaneously with the oxonic acid. All groups were evaluated throughout a 5-wk period. Kidneys were fixed by perfusion and afferent arteriole morphology, and tubulointerstitial 3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, NOX-4 subunit of renal NADPH-oxidase, and angiotensin II were quantified. Hyperuricemia induced intrarenal oxidative stress, increased expression of NOX-4 and angiotensin II, and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, systemic hypertension, renal vasoconstriction, and afferent arteriolopathy. Tempol treatment reversed the systemic and renal alterations induced by hyperuricemia despite equivalent hyperuricemia. Moreover, because tempol prevented the development of preglomerular damage and decreased blood pressure, glomerular pressure was maintained at normal values as well. Mild hyperuricemia induced by uricase inhibition causes intrarenal oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of the systemic hypertension and the renal abnormalities induced by increased uric acid. Scavenging of the superoxide anion in this setting attenuates the adverse effects induced by hyperuricemia.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Status, Oxidative Stress, and Damage in Elite Trained Kayakers and Canoeists and Sedentary Controls

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.19.5.443 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 443-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vitor Teixeira ◽

Hugo Valente ◽

Susana Casal ◽

Franklim Marques ◽

Pedro Moreira

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Antioxidant Intake ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Β Carotene

Strenuous physical activity is known to generate reactive oxygen species to a point that can exceed the antioxidant defense system and lead to oxidative stress. Dietary intake of antioxidants, plasma enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase [Gr], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) activities, nonenzymatic (total antioxidant status [TAS], uric acid, α-tocopherol, retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin) antioxidants, and markers of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances [TBARS]) and muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK]) were measured in 17 elite male kayakers and canoeists under resting conditions and in an equal number of age- and sex-matched sedentary individuals. Athletes showed increased plasma values of α-tocopherol (p = .037), α-carotene (p = .003), β-carotene (p = .007), and superoxide dismutase activity (p = .002) and a lower TAS level (p = .030). Antioxidant intake (α-tocopherol, vitamin C, and β-carotene) and plasmatic GPx, Gr, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol, and uric acid levels were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, TBARS (p < .001) and CK (p = .011) levels were found to be significantly higher in the kayakers and canoeists. This work suggests that despite the enhanced levels of antioxidants, athletes undergoing regular strenuous exercise exhibited more oxidative stress than sedentary controls.

Download Full-text

Inhibition of oxidative stress and improvement of nitric oxide production by ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers in uric acid stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.03.404 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. S154-S155 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P ESLAMI

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Ace Inhibitors ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

At1 Receptor Blockers

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Effects of Oleuropein on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Stress- An In Vitro Study

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523018666190201145824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Altug Kucukgul ◽

Mehmet M. Isgor ◽

Vesile Duzguner ◽

Meryem N. Atabay ◽

Azime Kucukgul

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Glioblastoma Cells ◽

Human Glioblastoma ◽

Antioxidative Properties ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Human Glioblastoma Cells

Background: Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods: Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results: According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion: Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein.

Download Full-text

Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) in Relation to Dietary NEAC, Nutrient Antioxidants and Inflammation-Related Biomarkers

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9040301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Cayetano Javier Carrión-García ◽

Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández ◽

Belén García-Villanova ◽

Mauro Serafini ◽

María-José Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Association Analyses ◽

Inflammation Response ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

Radical Trapping ◽

Trolox Equivalent

(1) Background: Little is known about the interlinkages between dietary and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (D-NEAC and P-NEAC, respectively) and the body’s antioxidant and inflammation response. Our aim was to explore these associations in 210 participants from two Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) centers. (2) Methods: D-NEAC was estimated using published NEAC values in food. P-NEAC and total polyphenols (TP) were quantified by FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter), TEAC-ABTS (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity-Azino Bis Thiazoline Sulfonic), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and Folin–Ciocalteu assays. Nutrient antioxidants (carotenes, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, uric acid, Q9 and Q10 coenzymes) and inflammation markers (IL-6, IL-8, CRP, TNF-α, PAI-I, resistin and adiponectin) were also analyzed. Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were performed in association analyses. Analyses were stratified by covariates and groups were defined using cluster analysis. (3) Results: P-FRAP was correlated with D-NEAC, and significantly associated with P-NEAC in multivariate adjusted models. P-FRAP levels were also significantly associated with plasma antioxidants (log2 scale: TP β = 0.26; ascorbic acid β = 0.03; retinol β = 0.08; α-tocopherol β = 0.05; carotenes β = 0.02; Q10 β = 0.06; uric acid β = 0.25), though not with inflammation-related biomarkers. Different profiles of individuals with varying levels of P-NEAC and biomarkers were found. (4) Conclusions: P-NEAC levels were to some extent associated with D-NEAC and plasma antioxidants, yet not associated with inflammation response.

Download Full-text