scholarly journals ABOUT CONCEPT FORMING OF «LANDSCAPE COVER» OF THE WORLD IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Shuisky
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Long Time

The purpose of the article is genetic systematization for the hierarchical lines of natural complexes within Earth Geographical Mantle on the Land (mainland and islands), it is being notion “landscape” and “natural system” are synonyms. In base of the article did hostage information of long time the author′s geographical expeditions on the Land, in the Ocean and in the Coastal Zone, and analysis of published scientific information by other authors. At the same time, the main research method was integral. Landscape development reliable discovered boundaries of natural systems, its structure, diversity, natural properties, which were conceived and evaluated within land as geosystems and geocomplexes. Solely, within the Land should be logic is development “landscapes” as a natural system. Every of natural systems with different hierarchical the scale of ranks have name “aquaschaft” within the coastal zone surrounding and “thalassogen” within the Ocean surrounding. The article has inheriting character from working out of classic geographers of last century, especially during up to end of 1900th, before 2000. In the period theory of landscape science formed as a most full weight. What is why I developed scientific materials of second part of 1900th. Thus, the natural (anthropogenic and natural) systems complexes are not only the landscape system that is specific to mainland. The complexity and diversity of different akvashaftes and talassohenes are well-organized aggregate of various levels of organization in the coastal zone and the open ocean. Moreover, in the Ocean the largest megasystems serve the water and the ocean bottom. The process of differentiation of megasystems, the three main environments of the geographical envelope, is continuous and covers them simultaneously. This phenomenon is a reflection of the interaction between landscapes, aquascapes and thalassogens. The materials and conclusions outlined in this article open the perspectives for the positive development of landscape science and the rest of the geographical sciences. Further defining the hierarchical ranks of each mega-system requires detailed descriptions of each taxon to be used in the natural justification of any practical/economic projects. Oceanic natural systems (“complexes”) in the Ocean water layer were called thalassogens in 1940th yet. In the contact’s zone environment between them, they were called aquaschafts. Each of the shell parts has its separate hierarchical series, in which each taxon differs from the adjacent ones. In total, their area is 361 mln km2, or 70.78% of the area of the geographical envelope. In addition, including 9.95% is occupied by the coastal zone of the Ocean (aquaschaft), or 7.8 million km2. The remaining 60.83% is accounted for by the thalassogen area.

scholarly journals Physical-geographical natural systems within waters of the World Ocean

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Yuriy D. Shuisky
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Based on the data of theoretical developments in the fields of ocean geography and system-geographical analysis, a hierarchical scheme of natural systems in the water layer of the World Ocean has been examined. The aim of the work is to carry out the first attempt to compare landscapes on land, natural systems in the coastal zone (the zone of contact between land and the World Ocean) and those in the World Ocean. The differentiation of the oceanic natural environment which is a possible version of a systematised list of systems ranging from individual oceans to individual eddies (or impulses) in the deep sea and on the shelf of shallow water are discussed. This work therefore, attempts to find new ways for the synchronous study of the hierarchical series of the coastal zone and the water layer of the World Ocean, along with land landscapes as part of the geographic shell of the Earth. This approach will make it possible to obtain a series of systems for the entire geographic envelope. This is a promising approach for an indebt development of physical geography in general.

Piekrastes pārvaldība Latvijā: pārvaldības ietvara attīstības pārskats

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Maija Štokmane ◽  
◽  
Raimonds Ernšteins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Horizontal Integration ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Coastal Governance ◽  
History Of

The coastal territory is a complex socio-ecological system (SES), which needs to be governed using an integrated approach. Integrated coastal management (ICM) is considered as the main approach in coastal governance, offering a holistic view of the coastal zone by integrating different governance sectors and governance levels, but ICM is not a fixed approach and should be adopted to meet each particular unique national and local situation. Full scale ICM in Latvia is not applied, but the following problems are recognized as most significant in the coastal territory: the lack of qualitative infrastructure and the lack of good governance; the local level coastal SES is studied, monitored and evaluated insufficiently as well as good practice examples are not communicated enough. In the current study, the exploration of the legisla-tive regulations and planning documents was conducted, therefore, the main research methods are docu-ment studies and expert interviews. Both the vertical and horizontal integration were assessed for the coastal governance, as well as overview of ICM developments in the modern history of Latvia. In order to understand the situation of the coastal governance in Latvia, the scheme of coastal dune protection zone was prepared, based on Latvian coastal legislation, however it is often difficult to depict different protec-tion zones in practice in such a dynamic and changing territory as a coastal zone.

Simulation of geologic systems: an overview

SIMULATION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Graeme Bonham-Carter ◽  
John W. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
System Design ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Systems Philosophy ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
End Members

Systems philosophy provides the theoretical framework linking diverse applications of computer simulation. Natural systems and man-made systems may be regarded as end members of a spectrum of system types. Simula tion of man-made systems employs operations research techniques; the objectives of simulation are to optimize system design and to test the performance of models under differing parameter settings. Simulation of natural systems cannot readily utilize specialized simulation lan guages, as these are designed primarily for industrial and business applications. The objectives of simulating natu ral systems are normally to test alternative models and to see how they react under various conditions; the natural system itself cannot be changed (unless it is partly man- influenced)-only the model can.

scholarly journals On the possible presence of oxygen in the upper sediment layer of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
P. A. Stunzhas ◽  
M. B. Gulin ◽  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
E. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Bottom Water Layer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

In the northeastern Black Sea the search was performed for living eukaryotic organisms (micro- and meiobenthos) in hypoxic and anoxic conditions as well as measurement of O2 in the bottom water layer and in the upper layer of sediments. The results have shown the presence of a deep maximum abundance of zoobenthos in a depth range of 215–244 m. This aggregation of benthic fauna occupies a layer of 30 m along the vertical. In general, the proportion of active meiobenthos was no greater than 1.5% of the total number of organisms recorded from the sample.The presence of aerobic benthos near the upper boundary of the H2S zone can be explained by: sliding down of sediments from a higher depth; quasi-periodic O2 supply due to fluctuations in the position of the isopycna and/or sinking of waters downslope in the bottom Ekman layer. Also, in the case of physical entry of oxygen into the bottom layer, it can remain for a relatively long time in the upper part of the H2S zone due to the lack of deep Mn+2 flux and reaction with it.

scholarly journals Preface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Committee Member ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Main Research ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Impact

We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application (MEMA 2021) was successfully held on October 29-31, 2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, MEMA 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnel gatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference, we chose to carry out MEMA 2021 via online platform according to the original schedule instead of postponing it. MEMA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and related areas. We were greatly honored to invited Prof. Kun Li, from Chongqing University, China and Assoc. Prof. Wei Wei, from Xi’an University of Technology, China as our Conference Chairmen. This scientific event brings together more than 100 national and international researchers in mechanical, electrical and material application. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. We were pleased to invite four distinguished experts to present their insightful speeches. Our first keynote speaker, Prof. Shahid Hussain, Jiangsu University, China. His research interests include MOS-MOF-MXene Nanomaterials, Gas-Sensors, Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Li-S batteries. And then we had Prof. Jie Huang, from Southwest University, China. His research includes RF/Microwave circuits and sensors. Prof. Qiyan Xu, Anhui University of Technology, China. His main research directions are: New process and technology of low cost steel making, Direct reduction and melting reduction, Development of new metallurgical technology - comprehensive utilization of waste resources. Lastly, we were glad to invite Prof. Kun Li, Chongqing University, China. He mainly engaged in additive manufacturing, intelligent 3D net forming, high performance materials and phase transformation, material computing and other research. In the last part of the conference, all participants were invited to join in a WeChat group to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The online discussion was lasted for about 30-60 minutes. We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Mechanical Dynamics and its Applications, Material Physics, Electrical and Electronic Systems and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year. The Committee of MEMA 2021 List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

scholarly journals Growth and mortality of black bass, Micropterus salmoides (Pisces, Centrachidae; Lacapède, 1802) in a reservoir in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. Schulz ◽  
M. E. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

The black bass, Micropterus salmoides, was introduced to Brazil from North America in 1922. Since then the species has been reared in aquaculture facilities intended to stock reservoirs as additions to native stocks available for angling. At present no scientific information on the biology of black bass in Brazilian waters is available. Since black bass dispersion may cause severe impacts on native Brazilian fish fauna, information on the basic biological parameters of this species is necessary. The objective of the present study is to provide information on the growth, age structure, and mortality of the species in a small reservoir in southern Brazil, where the species reproduces regularly. Based on scale readings, the von Bertalanffy growth curve was calculated and compared to the length-frequency distribution of the population. Both methods showed similar results. Maximum length was about 44 cm. The mean length at the end of the first year was 23.1 cm (s.d. = 13.88); at that of the second, 37.3 cm (s.d. = 12.52); and 41.4 cm (s.d. = 9.92) at the third. Oldest fish were three years old. The growth performance index ø' was 3.28 cm year-1. Mortality increased from 0.16 year-1 between the first and the second cohort, to 0.8 year-1 between the second and third. The results show that black bass in Brazil grows faster than in its area of origin, but longevity is shorter and body shape, stouter. The cause of high mortality at a relatively early age may be connected with the loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding of the Brazilian stocks, which originated from few introduced individuals a long time ago. The fact that black bass reproduces in reservoirs and grows rapidly may be considered a threat to conserving fish diversity in Brazilian ecosystems.

scholarly journals Ensete ventricosum: A Multipurpose Crop against Hunger in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Yemata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comparable Quality

Ensete ventricosum is a traditional multipurpose crop mainly used as a staple/co-staple food for over 20 million people in Ethiopia. Despite this, scientific information about the crop is scarce. Three types of food, viz., Kocho (fermented product from scraped pseudostem and grated corm), Bulla (dehydrated juice), and Amicho (boiled corm) can be prepared from enset. These products are particularly rich in carbohydrates, minerals, fibres, and phenolics, but poor in proteins. Such meals are usually served with meat and cheese to supplement proteins. As a food crop, it has useful attributes such as foods can be stored for long time, grows in wide range of environments, produces high yield per unit area, and tolerates drought. It has an irreplaceable role as a feed for animals. Enset starch is found to have higher or comparable quality to potato and maize starch and widely used as a tablet binder and disintegrant and also in pharmaceutical gelling, drug loading, and release processes. Moreover, enset shows high genetic diversity within a population which in turn renders resilience and food security against the ever-changing environmental factors and land use dynamics. Therefore, more research attention and funding should be given to magnify and make wider use of the crop.

Treatment of Potato Processing Wastewater with Engineered Natural Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Burgoon ◽  
Robert H. Kadlec ◽  
Mike Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Potato Processing ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Free Water Surface

A full-scale integrated natural system has been used to treat high strength potato processing water for 2 years. The integrated natural system consists of free water surface and vertical flow wetlands, and a facultative storage lagoon. Influent wastewater averages 2800 mg/L COD, 150 mg/L TN and 350 mg/L TSS. Approximately 5300 m3/d of wastewater flows through the treatment system annually. The treatment objective is a 53% reduction in total nitrogen. The wastewater application permit requires an annual nitrogen load of 500 kg/ha yr on 213 hectares of land used to grow alfalfa and other fodder crops. Free water surface wetlands are used for sedimentation, mineralization of organic matter, and denitrification. Vertical flow wetlands oxidize organic matter and nitrogen. A lagoon provides storage during the winter when irrigation is not possible and functions as a facultative lagoon. Free water surface wetlands were planted with Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus in fall 1995. Wastewater application began in July of 1996. In the summer months COD removal has been greater than 95% through the free water surface wetlands and vertical flow wetlands. The removal rate decreased to about 75% in the winter. Average summer water temperatures are 18°C; average winter water temperatures are 3°C. Ammonia removal through the vertical flow wetlands averages 85% during the summer and 30-50% removal during the winter. Addition of exogenous carbon to the free water surface wetlands resulted in 95% removal of NO3-N. Use of natural systems have proved to be a cost effective treatment alternative for high strength industrial wastewater.

Autism research dynamic through ontology-based text mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Macedoni Luksic ◽  
Tanja Urbancic ◽  
Ingrid Petric ◽  
Bojan Cestnik
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The increase of prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been accompanied by much new research. The amount and the speed of growth of scientific information available online have strongly influenced the way of work in the research community which calls for new methods and tools to support it. The purpose of this paper is to present ontology-based text mining in the field of autism trend analysis that may help to understand the broader picture of the disorder since its discovery. Design/methodology/approach – The data sets consisted of abstracts of more than 18,000 articles on ASD published from 1943 to the end of 2012 found in MEDLINE and of the documents’ titles for all those articles where the abstracts were not available. Findings – In this way, the authors demonstrated a steeper exponential curve of ASD publications compared with all publications in MEDLINE. In addition, the main research topics over time were identified using the “open discovery” approach. Finally, the relationship between a priori setting up research topics including communication, genetics, environmental risk factors, vaccination and adulthood were revealed. Originality/value – Using ontology-based text mining the authors were able to identify the main research topics in the field of autism during the time, as well as to show the dynamics of some research topics as a priori setting up. The computerised methodology that was used allowed the authors to analyse a much larger quantity of information, saving time and manual work.

Wide-area imaging from OBS multiples

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. Q41-Q47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Dash ◽  
George Spence ◽  
Roy Hyndman ◽  
Sergio Grion ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismometer ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Obs Data

The subseafloor structure offshore western Canada was imaged using first-order water-layer multiples from ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data and the results were compared to conventional imaging using primary reflections. This multiple-migration (mirror-imaging) method uses the downgoing pressure wavefield just above the seafloor, which is devoid of any primary reflections but consists of receiver-side ghosts of these primary reflections. The mirror-imaging method employs a primaries-only Kirchhoff prestack depth migration algorithm to image the receiver ghosts. The additional travel path of the multiples through the water layer is accounted for by a simple manipulation of the velocity model and processing datum: the receivers lie not on the seabed but on a sea surface twice as high as the true water column. Migration results show that the multiple-migrated image provides a much broader illumination of the subsurface than is possible for conventional imaging using the primaries, especially for the very shallow reflections and sparse OBS spacing. The resulting image from mirror imaging has illumination comparable to the vertical incidence surface streamer (single-channel) reflection data.

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