scholarly journals INTENSIVE PASTURE UTILIZATION AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN NEW ZEALAND

1970 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
A.G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
Economic Future

COMMERCIAL, non-pedigree, livestock farmers in New Zeal. and find their economic future limited by the volume of animal products which they can sell from their farms. Inexpensive fodders and grains are not available in sufficient quantity to permit anything approaching the "feedlot" farming of other countries. Increased volume of output must, therefore, come substantially from those crops the farm can grow, and grow most efficiently. Climate, topography and experience currently dictate that this is the grass crop. The development of new skills and new technology may change this on those limited areas of New Zealand on which topography permits arable farming, but any widespread modification to the traditional pattern is a long way off.

Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

1999 ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

scholarly journals A survey of clinicians on the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology, dermatology, radiology and radiation oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Scheetz ◽  
Philip Rothschild ◽  
Myra McGuinness ◽  
Xavier Hadoux ◽  
H. Peter Soyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Medical Liability ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Medical Workforce ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Workforce Needs

AbstractArtificial intelligence technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes. However, technology uptake will be largely driven by clinicians, and there is a paucity of data regarding the attitude that clinicians have to this new technology. In June–August 2019 we conducted an online survey of fellows and trainees of three specialty colleges (ophthalmology, radiology/radiation oncology, dermatology) in Australia and New Zealand on artificial intelligence. There were 632 complete responses (n = 305, 230, and 97, respectively), equating to a response rate of 20.4%, 5.1%, and 13.2% for the above colleges, respectively. The majority (n = 449, 71.0%) believed artificial intelligence would improve their field of medicine, and that medical workforce needs would be impacted by the technology within the next decade (n = 542, 85.8%). Improved disease screening and streamlining of monotonous tasks were identified as key benefits of artificial intelligence. The divestment of healthcare to technology companies and medical liability implications were the greatest concerns. Education was identified as a priority to prepare clinicians for the implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare. This survey highlights parallels between the perceptions of different clinician groups in Australia and New Zealand about artificial intelligence in medicine. Artificial intelligence was recognized as valuable technology that will have wide-ranging impacts on healthcare.

Animal production and food: real problems and paranoia

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Pressure Groups

AbstractThe scientific and technological expansion of British agriculture between the mid 1930s and mid 1980s can be attributed primarily to the provision of favourable and stable prices and only secondly to government support of research and development. These conditions have changed. Most government-funded research in agriculture is now directed to the new biological sciences, molecular biology and transgenics. It is uncertain whether those at the frontiers of biotechnology are aware of the limits and constraints placed on animal production. Equally, it is uncertain whether the commercial supply services to agriculture will be prepared to meet the costs of transferring this new technology into production. These real problems facing agriculture are amenable to rational solutions. Of greater concern are food scares whipped up by pressure groups and government responses taken in the absence of, or in defiance of, scientific evidence.Two examples are considered, one trivial, the other deadly serious. The first involves the recommendation that pregnant women ‘should not eat liver’ based on an unpublished report of a single case of birth defects. The second example chosen for discussion is the alleged causal relationship between the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and coronary heart disease. The inadequacy of the simple distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats is briefly reviewed in the light of new knowledge relating to specific SFA, monounsaturates and the distinction between polyunsaturates of the linoleic and linolenic series. Evidence from large epidemiological studies is marshalled to demonstrate that there is no good case to support the conclusion of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA, 1984) that the nation's diet should be changed to reduce the proportion of saturated fats. The Department of Health is invited to recall COMA to reconsider their recommendations in the light of new evidence.

Valuing forages for genetic selection: what traits should we focus on?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
G. R. Edwards ◽  
A. V. Stewart ◽  
M. McEvoy ◽  
M. O'Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Feeding Value

Failure over the past two to three decades to implement industry-led, systematic forage evaluation systems that translate forage performance data to animal production and economics means that the livestock industries are poorly positioned to judge how much economic benefit they are gaining from forage plant improvement and to propose future priorities and targets. The present paper identifies several knowledge gaps that must be filled to enable the value being delivered to pasture-based livestock industries by forage improvement to be determined, demonstrated to farmers and increased in the future. Seasonal yield, total annual yield, nutritive value and feeding value of pasture are all important traits for driving the productivity of pasture-based livestock production systems. From a farm systems perspective, persistence of the yield or quality advantage of new cultivars is also economically important. However, this is the least well defined of the productivity traits considered in the paper. Contrary to anecdotal reports, evidence indicates that the genetic potential of modern ryegrass cultivars to survive in grazed pastures is at least equivalent to that of older cultivars. Plant breeding in Europe and New Zealand has changed the seasonal yield, quality and intake potential of perennial ryegrass. On the basis of dry matter (DM) yield data from small-plot evaluation trials, the New Zealand forage value index indicates that the top-ranked perennial ryegrass cultivars offer between NZ$280 and NZ $650/ha per year potential additional operating profit to dairy businesses (depending on region), compared with a historical genetic base of cultivars that were first entered into yield testing programs between 1991 and 1996. The equivalent figure in Ireland (including nutritive value effects) is about €325/ha per year. These estimates are yet to be confirmed in animal production studies. In intensive dairy systems, current rates of genetic gain in DM yield lag well behind realised rates of gain in animal genetics and associated increases in feed demand per animal. Genetic gains in yield need to double from current rates (estimated at 0.5% per year); but, it is not known whether this is possible in an outcrossing species such as perennial ryegrass, which is normally grown in a mixture with other species, especially white clover. Improvements in DM yield in seasons where extra DM has greatest economic value in grazing systems should dominate breeding objectives, but this must now be augmented by consideration of the environmental impacts of intensive pasture-based livestock production systems and opportunities to mitigate this through germplasm selection. There is less evidence that nutritive or feeding value of ryegrass cultivars significantly limits animal production and profitability and useful improvements have already been made using tetraploids and later heading material.

General Information & Statistics

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (25) ◽  
pp. 710-715
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
World Market ◽  
General Information ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Import And Export

Health Therapists to be Licensed in Singapore. China's Animal Products Ready for World Market. China Urged to Boost Emergency Medical System. Thai Rice Exports Hit Record High. Biogas Helps Thai Farms Save Electricity. Australia in Drive to Reverse Biotech "Brain Drain". Meningococcal Disease Rages in New Zealand. Vietnam Sees Pharmaceutical Import and Export Increasing. Healthcare System in North Korea Near Collapsing. Indian Government Says GM Cotton Safe. OECD Report Says Biotechnology Contributes to Environmental and Economic Sustainability.

Perennial ryegrass breeding in New Zealand: A dairy industry perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Cory Matthew ◽  
Errol R. Thom ◽  
David F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Pasture Plants

Genetic improvement programs for livestock and pasture plants have been central to the development of the New Zealand (NZ) pastoral industry. Although genetic improvement of livestock is easily shown to improve animal production on-farm, the link between genetic improvement of pasture plants and animal production is less direct. For several reasons, gains in farm output arising from improved plant performance are more difficult to confirm than those arising from livestock improvement, which has led to some debate in the livestock industries about which plant traits to prioritise in future breeding programs to deliver the greatest benefit. This review investigates this situation, with the aim of understanding how genetic improvement of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the predominant pasture grass, may more directly contribute towards increased productivity in the NZ dairy industry. The review focuses on the dairy industry, since it is the largest contributor to the total value of NZ agricultural exports. Also, because rates of pasture renewal are greater in the dairy industry compared with the sheep and beef industries, genetic gain in pasture plants is likely to have the greatest impact if the correct plant traits are targeted. The review highlights that many aspects of ryegrass growth and ecology have been manipulated through breeding, with evidence to show that plant performance has been altered as a result. However, it is not clear to what extent these gains have contributed to the economic development of the NZ dairy industry. There are opportunities for breeders and scientists to work together more closely in defining economic traits that positively influence pasture performance and to translate this information to objectives for breeding programs, systematically linking information on the measured traits of ryegrass cultivars to economic values for those traits to assist farmer decision-making regarding the most appropriate cultivars to use in their farm system, and better defining genotype × environment interactions in key productivity traits of modern ryegrass cultivars. Changes in priorities for investment of public- and industry-good funds in forage improvement research and development will be needed if these opportunities are to be captured.

scholarly journals The story of Tara Hills high-country research

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Bruce E Allan ◽  
Hazel M Chapman ◽  
J M Keoghan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Permanent Staff

The 3340 ha Tara Hills high-country station near Omarama was a Government owned research facilitybetween 1948 and 2005. Here we present the story of the rise and fall of Tara Hills; turned from a depletedwasteland into the vibrant research centre of the 1980s, it was eventually sold to commercial interests in theearly 2000s. By the early 1980s, Tara Hills had 14 permanent staff and was internationally recognised as amodel for dryland farm development, experimentation and demonstration. However, subsequent changes inemphasis for New Zealand farming resulted in a decline in dryland research and to the inevitable sale of thishigh-country station. We summarise the broad range of research and its outcomes associated with Tara Hills,spanning soils, pasture species, their establishment and production, irrigation, grazing management,animal breeds, animal production and genetics, and farm systems. The changing face of New Zealand’sagricultural research and extension is an integral part of this story.

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