scholarly journals Fertiliser requirements for peat soils in the Waikato region

2001 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
R.D. Longhurst ◽  
T.J.M. Johnston ◽  
F.N. Portegys
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Productive Land

Peat soils cover approximately 94 000 ha of productive land in the Waikato and are an important soil resource for the region. Much of the research on peats in the 1950s-60s concentrated on the development of raw peats and later in the 1970s on nutrient deficiencies such as copper and selenium. Little to no work was undertaken on soil fertility/soil nutrient relationships of developed peat soils. In 1996, a series of eight field trials was established across a range of developed peat soils in the Waikato to investigate such relationships. The trials continued for 3 years. Results showed that the optimum Olsen P soil test for sustaining near maximum pasture production was 35-45, that K soil tests were of limited use on well developed peats and that winter leaching of S was likely to be important. The Anion Storage Capacity (ASC) test was found to be a valuable tool in indicating the degree of development of peat and in turn allowing interpretation of fertiliser responses. From these introductory investigations of nutrient requirements on peat soils some guidelines and recommendations are presented. Keywords: anion storage capacity (ASC), Olsen P, pasture production, peat, soil test

scholarly journals Nutrient requirements for irrigated lucerne in Central Otago

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
L.C. Smith ◽  
K.D. Trainor ◽  
J.D. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Initial Soil

Abstract Two field trials were commenced in September 2000 on newly sown irrigated lucerne near Tarras in Central Otago. The first trial measured the effects of phosphorus (P) (0, 30, 60, 120 kg P/ha) and potassium (K) (0, 50, 100, 200 kg K/ha) fertiliser applications while the second trial determined nitrogen (N) requirements for lucerne establishment. Initial soil test levels (0-75 mm) were pH 5.6, Olsen P 15 μg/ml; quicktest (QT) K 6 and sodium tetra-phenol-boron extractable K (TBK) 3.1. Lucerne production averaged 9.5 t dry matter (DM)/ha in the establishment year, 15.6 t DM/ ha in Year 2 and 14.8 t DM/ha in Year 3. There were no annual DM responses to any of the three fertilisers applied regardless of the rate of application. Despite the control mean annual herbage P concentrations being within the optimum range of 0.20-0.25% the application of P fertiliser significantly increased the P concentrations (P

scholarly journals Building a solid foundation for pasture production in Northland: P, K, S and lime requirements

1995 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
J.D. Morton ◽  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
D.C. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Groups

The generally strongly weathered, leached soils of Northland consist of four major soil groups. The yellow-brown earths and podzols and yellow brown sands are formed from sedimentary rocks, while brown granular clays and red and brown loams are formed from volcanic rocks. In terms of the relationship between pasture production and fertiliser nutrient requirements, for both sedimentary and volcanic soils, the production functions are shown to be of the "diminishing returns" type, and the point at which near-maximum production (97%) occurs is defined as the "biological optimum" soil test level. Biological optimum test values for sedimentary and volcanic soils are: Olsen P 20 and 22; quicktest K 6 and 7; sulphate-S 10; organic-S 15; and pH 5.9. Once biological optimum soil test levels have been attained then maintenance fertiliser nutrient rates are appropriate. In order to move up the pasture production curve an average of 7 and 11 kg P/ha above maintenance will increase Olsen P by 1 unit for Northland sedimentary and volcanic soils respectively. Similarly, on average 60 kg K/ha will raise quicktest K by 1 unit on volcanic soils, but capital requirements for K on sedimentary soils in Northland are not known. An average of 35 and 25 kg S/ha will correct S deficiencies on sedimentary and volcanic soils. Keywords: biological optimum, lime, Northland, nutrient requirements, phosphorus, potassium, sedimentary soils, sulphur, volcanic soils

scholarly journals Soil nutrient status of the Bay of Plenty region and the implications to pasture productivity and fertiliser requirements

1991 ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
T.J.M. Johnston ◽  
D.C. Edmeades ◽  
D.M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock

The soil nutrient status of sheep and beef, and dairy farms in the Bay of Plenty region was examined using results from over 4700 soil samples analysed by MAF between 1988 and 1991. The proportion of farms in various soil test categories was determined and related (using known relationships) to the potential responsiveness of pastures to fertiliser nutrient additions. About 70% of farms had soil phosphorus (P) tests below optimum values, indicating that pasture production would be increased by addition of P fertiliser on these farms. Similarly,about 50% of farms hadbelow-optimum levels of sulphur (S) and potassium (K). Pasture production on most farms was limited by more than one nutrient and a relatively high proportion of pumice soils had low levels of P, S and K. Pumice soils are prone to large leaching losses of added sulphate S and field experimental results indicated that elemental S (in sulphur superphosphate) was more efficient at increasing pasture production on these soils than sulphate S (in superphosphate). Soil test data was also used to indicate that about onethird of sheep and beef, andone-half of dairy farms were suitable for use of slow-release reactive phosphate rock (RPR) as a source of P, as indicated by soil pH56.0 and MAF fertiliser P requirements at or above maintenance levels. Keywords soil test, fertiliser requirement, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, slow-release fertiliser

THE CONSEQUENCE OF NOT APPLYING SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILISER ON TARANAKI DAIRY PASTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Content

The effect of withholding superphosphate fertiliser for up to fwo years on grazed day pasture in Taranaki has been assessed in plot trials. Three sites of different initial soil test phosphate (Olsen P) level were used, viz. 16, 34 and 60. Seasonal or annual dry matter yields, seasonal distribution of pasture growth, Olsen P. botanical Composltlon and herbage P content were in general, not significantly affected by withholding superphosphate. A farmlet grazing trial has shown that withholding superphosphate for 18 months did not reduce dairy production in the first season. Farmers could make large short-term cost savings by withholding superphosphate fertiliser, without affecting dairy producton. Keywords: pasture production, seasonal distribution, botanical composition, dairy production

scholarly journals Long term effects of withholding phosphate application on North Island hill country: Te Kuiti

1990 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
C.E. Smart ◽  
S.F. Ledgard
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Noticeable Increase

A farmlet grazing trial at the Te Kuiti Research Area (20 km south of Te Kuiti) began in April 1983 to study the effects on production of reducing or withholding fertiliser over a 6-year period. The effects of withholding fertiliser are considered in this paper. The soils on which the trial was conducted are Mahoenui or Mangatea silt loams typical of 1.3 million ha of North Island hill country. Applications of 250 kg/ha/annum of superphosphate had been applied for 10 years before the trial began, leading to Olsen P tests of 14. In spite of moderate soil test levels, declines in both animal and pasture production where fertiliser was withheld were evident from year 2. By years 3-4 onwards, production declines of some 20-30% were evident. Effects on pasture composition where fertiliser was withheld were evident, with less white clover and more moss and weeds. No noticeable increase in scrub weeds or brush weeds occurred. Maintaining a high stocking rate (or stock pressure) was considered a dominant factor in this regard. Keywords grazing trial, fertiliser, hill country, phosphate, animal production, pasture production

scholarly journals FERTILISER REQUIREMENTS OF GISBORNE-EAST COAST HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
M.H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
Dominant Influence ◽  
Soil Groups

Soil fertility has a dominant influence on the productivity of many hill country pastures. In the Gisborne-East Coast hill country the dominant soil groups - the yellow-brown earths (YBEs) from mudstone/argillite and the yellow-brown pumice soils (YBPs) from Taupo pumice tephra - show variations in response to fertiliser inputs. Results from a series of eight field trials, commenced in 1980, indicate widespread phosphorus (P) deficiency across both groups with optimum Olsen P soil test values being calculated as 11.5 and 20.1 respectively. Sulphur deficiencies appear less important, in the short term, than previously thought. Lime (L) and molybdenum (MO) deficiencies appear widespread on YEEs with an indication on some sites that lime effects are over and above that due to increased MO availability. Potassium (KI is the dominant deficiency (after P) on YBPs. Element deficiencies in decreasing order of importance were - Y BEs, P > L/MO > S > K; Y BPS, P > K > S > L. Keywords: Fertilisers, hill country, pasture production.

scholarly journals North Otago soils: physical properties and nutrient requirements for economic production

1996 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
J.D. Morton ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
D.C. Edmeades ◽  
M.J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Water Holding

North Otago soils are all of sedimentary origin but range in topography from flat alluvial and terrace soils to hill soils. Most of the farmed soils are yellow-grey earths on the rolling downlands or plains. Yellow-grey earths on the downlands have dense subsoils that limit water movement during wet winters and rooting depth during dry summers. Plains soils have shallow depths to gravels limiting water holding capacity and making irrigation necessary for intensive pastoral production. The relationships between soil nutrient levels and pasture production has been shown to be of the diminishing returns type. Soil nutrient levels for near maximum pasture production on North Otago soils are Olsen P 20-25, sulphate-S 10-12, organic-S 15-20 and quick test K 5-8. At high stocking rates profitable responses in pasture and animal production can still be gained at higher Olsen P levels. The decision support nutrient model (OUTLOOKTM) has been developed to help farmers apply fertiliser at optimum rates for economic production. Keywords: economic production, North Otago, phosphorus, potassium, sedimentary soils, sulphur, yellow-grey earths

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on a Tropical Peat Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4928
Author(s):  
Alicia Vanessa Jeffary ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Latifah Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Natural State ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Peat Soils

Farming systems on peat soils are novel, considering the complexities of these organic soil. Since peat soils effectively capture greenhouse gases in their natural state, cultivating peat soils with annual or perennial crops such as pineapples necessitates the monitoring of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, especially from cultivated peat lands, due to a lack of data on N2O emissions. An on-farm experiment was carried out to determine the movement of N2O in pineapple production on peat soil. Additionally, the experiment was carried out to determine if the peat soil temperature and the N2O emissions were related. The chamber method was used to capture the N2O fluxes daily (for dry and wet seasons) after which gas chromatography was used to determine N2O followed by expressing the emission of this gas in t ha−1 yr−1. The movement of N2O horizontally (832 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the dry period was higher than in the wet period (599 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) because of C and N substrate in the peat soil, in addition to the fertilizer used in fertilizing the pineapple plants. The vertical movement of N2O (44 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) was higher in the dry season relative to N2O emission (38 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the wet season because of nitrification and denitrification of N fertilizer. The peat soil temperature did not affect the direction (horizontal and vertical) of the N2O emission, suggesting that these factors are not related. Therefore, it can be concluded that N2O movement in peat soils under pineapple cultivation on peat lands occurs horizontally and vertically, regardless of season, and there is a need to ensure minimum tilling of the cultivated peat soils to prevent them from being an N2O source instead of an N2O sink.

scholarly journals Pineapple Residue Ash Reduces Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on Tropical Peat Soils at Saratok, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Nik Majid ◽  
Zakry Fitri Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Burning pineapple residues on peat soils before pineapple replanting raises concerns on hazards of peat fires. A study was conducted to determine whether ash produced from pineapple residues could be used to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cultivated tropical peatlands. The effects of pineapple residue ash fertilization on CO2 and N2O emissions from a peat soil grown with pineapple were determined using closed chamber method with the following treatments: (i) 25, 50, 70, and 100% of the suggested rate of pineapple residue ash + NPK fertilizer, (ii) NPK fertilizer, and (iii) peat soil only. Soils treated with pineapple residue ash (25%) decreased CO2 and N2O emissions relative to soils without ash due to adsorption of organic compounds, ammonium, and nitrate ions onto the charged surface of ash through hydrogen bonding. The ability of the ash to maintain higher soil pH during pineapple growth primarily contributed to low CO2 and N2O emissions. Co-application of pineapple residue ash and compound NPK fertilizer also improves soil ammonium and nitrate availability, and fruit quality of pineapples. Compound NPK fertilizers can be amended with pineapple residue ash to minimize CO2 and N2O emissions without reducing peat soil and pineapple productivity.

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