scholarly journals Nutrient requirements for irrigated lucerne in Central Otago

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
L.C. Smith ◽  
K.D. Trainor ◽  
J.D. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Initial Soil

Abstract Two field trials were commenced in September 2000 on newly sown irrigated lucerne near Tarras in Central Otago. The first trial measured the effects of phosphorus (P) (0, 30, 60, 120 kg P/ha) and potassium (K) (0, 50, 100, 200 kg K/ha) fertiliser applications while the second trial determined nitrogen (N) requirements for lucerne establishment. Initial soil test levels (0-75 mm) were pH 5.6, Olsen P 15 μg/ml; quicktest (QT) K 6 and sodium tetra-phenol-boron extractable K (TBK) 3.1. Lucerne production averaged 9.5 t dry matter (DM)/ha in the establishment year, 15.6 t DM/ ha in Year 2 and 14.8 t DM/ha in Year 3. There were no annual DM responses to any of the three fertilisers applied regardless of the rate of application. Despite the control mean annual herbage P concentrations being within the optimum range of 0.20-0.25% the application of P fertiliser significantly increased the P concentrations (P

scholarly journals Building a solid foundation for pasture production in Northland: P, K, S and lime requirements

1995 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
J.D. Morton ◽  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
D.C. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Groups

The generally strongly weathered, leached soils of Northland consist of four major soil groups. The yellow-brown earths and podzols and yellow brown sands are formed from sedimentary rocks, while brown granular clays and red and brown loams are formed from volcanic rocks. In terms of the relationship between pasture production and fertiliser nutrient requirements, for both sedimentary and volcanic soils, the production functions are shown to be of the "diminishing returns" type, and the point at which near-maximum production (97%) occurs is defined as the "biological optimum" soil test level. Biological optimum test values for sedimentary and volcanic soils are: Olsen P 20 and 22; quicktest K 6 and 7; sulphate-S 10; organic-S 15; and pH 5.9. Once biological optimum soil test levels have been attained then maintenance fertiliser nutrient rates are appropriate. In order to move up the pasture production curve an average of 7 and 11 kg P/ha above maintenance will increase Olsen P by 1 unit for Northland sedimentary and volcanic soils respectively. Similarly, on average 60 kg K/ha will raise quicktest K by 1 unit on volcanic soils, but capital requirements for K on sedimentary soils in Northland are not known. An average of 35 and 25 kg S/ha will correct S deficiencies on sedimentary and volcanic soils. Keywords: biological optimum, lime, Northland, nutrient requirements, phosphorus, potassium, sedimentary soils, sulphur, volcanic soils

scholarly journals Fertiliser requirements for peat soils in the Waikato region

2001 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
R.D. Longhurst ◽  
T.J.M. Johnston ◽  
F.N. Portegys
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Productive Land

Peat soils cover approximately 94 000 ha of productive land in the Waikato and are an important soil resource for the region. Much of the research on peats in the 1950s-60s concentrated on the development of raw peats and later in the 1970s on nutrient deficiencies such as copper and selenium. Little to no work was undertaken on soil fertility/soil nutrient relationships of developed peat soils. In 1996, a series of eight field trials was established across a range of developed peat soils in the Waikato to investigate such relationships. The trials continued for 3 years. Results showed that the optimum Olsen P soil test for sustaining near maximum pasture production was 35-45, that K soil tests were of limited use on well developed peats and that winter leaching of S was likely to be important. The Anion Storage Capacity (ASC) test was found to be a valuable tool in indicating the degree of development of peat and in turn allowing interpretation of fertiliser responses. From these introductory investigations of nutrient requirements on peat soils some guidelines and recommendations are presented. Keywords: anion storage capacity (ASC), Olsen P, pasture production, peat, soil test

scholarly journals Relationship between pasture dry matter yield and soil Olsen P from a series of long‐term field trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Sinclair ◽  
P. D. Johnstone ◽  
L. C. Smith ◽  
A. H. C. Roberts ◽  
M. B. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Term Field

THE CONSEQUENCE OF NOT APPLYING SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILISER ON TARANAKI DAIRY PASTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Content

The effect of withholding superphosphate fertiliser for up to fwo years on grazed day pasture in Taranaki has been assessed in plot trials. Three sites of different initial soil test phosphate (Olsen P) level were used, viz. 16, 34 and 60. Seasonal or annual dry matter yields, seasonal distribution of pasture growth, Olsen P. botanical Composltlon and herbage P content were in general, not significantly affected by withholding superphosphate. A farmlet grazing trial has shown that withholding superphosphate for 18 months did not reduce dairy production in the first season. Farmers could make large short-term cost savings by withholding superphosphate fertiliser, without affecting dairy producton. Keywords: pasture production, seasonal distribution, botanical composition, dairy production

Factors affecting the efficiency of urea for pot-grown ryegrass

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Dry Conditions

Urea can be an inefficient nitrogen source, compared with ammonium nitrate, on calcareous soils (Ernst & Massey, 1960) and under dry conditions (Murphy, 1978) as a result of ammonia volatilization. However, the interaction between factors which can affect the performance of urea is not clearly understood. The risk of ammonia volatilization would appear to be higher on light soils with a low cation exchange capacity than on heavier soils (Fenn & Hossner, 1985). Field trials in the Netherlands indicated that a minimum of 5 mm of rain must fall within 2 days of application to give good dry-matter yields with urea (Van Burg, Dilz & Prins, 1982). In addition ammonia volatilization has been affected by initial soil moisture content in some studies (Fenn & Escarzaga, 1977) but not in others (Gasser, 1964).

scholarly journals Predicting Daily Dry Matter Intake Using Feed Intake of First Two Hours after Feeding in Mid and Late Lactation Dairy Cows with Fed Ration Three Times Per Day

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Shulin Liang ◽  
Chaoqun Wu ◽  
Wenchao Peng ◽  
Jian-Xin Liu ◽  
Hui-Zeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Independent Dataset ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Proposed Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the dry matter intake of first 2 h after feeding (DMI-2h), body weight (BW), and milk yield to estimate daily DMI in mid and late lactating dairy cows with fed ration three times per day. Our dataset included 2840 individual observations from 76 cows enrolled in two studies, of which 2259 observations served as development dataset (DDS) from 54 cows and 581 observations acted as the validation dataset (VDS) from 22 cows. The descriptive statistics of these variables were 26.0 ± 2.77 kg/day (mean ± standard deviation) of DMI, 14.9 ± 3.68 kg/day of DMI-2h, 35.0 ± 5.48 kg/day of milk yield, and 636 ± 82.6 kg/day of BW in DDS and 23.2 ± 4.72 kg/day of DMI, 12.6 ± 4.08 kg/day of DMI-2h, 30.4 ± 5.85 kg/day of milk yield, and 597 ± 63.7 kg/day of BW in VDS, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the REG procedure of SAS to develop the forecasting models for DMI. The proposed prediction equation was: DMI (kg/day) = 8.499 + 0.2725 × DMI-2h (kg/day) + 0.2132 × Milk yield (kg/day) + 0.0095 × BW (kg/day) (R2 = 0.46, mean bias = 0 kg/day, RMSPE = 1.26 kg/day). Moreover, when compared with the prediction equation for DMI in Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (2001) using the independent dataset (VDS), our proposed model shows higher R2 (0.22 vs. 0.07) and smaller mean bias (−0.10 vs. 1.52 kg/day) and RMSPE (1.77 vs. 2.34 kg/day). Overall, we constructed a feasible forecasting model with better precision and accuracy in predicting daily DMI of dairy cows in mid and late lactation when fed ration three times per day.

The relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance of some Iranian feedstuffs in sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
H. Paya ◽  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
H. Janmohamadi ◽  
G.A Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Require Information

Ration formulation systems require information on nutrient requirements of the animal and reliable values for rumen degradable and undegradable fractions of feed ingredients. The in situ nylon-bag technique is widely used to characterize the disappearance of feeds from the rumen (Woods et al., 2002). The objective of this study was determining of relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance.

scholarly journals Phosphorus requirement and partitioning in oat cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Manica ◽  
Pedro Alexandre Varella Escosteguy
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

ABSTRACT: Maintenance fertilization changes with nutrient requirements and partitioning, but these are not well known for oat cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether phosphorus (P) requirements and partitioning vary among cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.). The UPFA ‘Ouro’, UPFPS ‘Farroupilha’, IPR ‘Afrodite’, URS ‘FAPA Slava’, ‘Barbarasul’, ‘FAEM 007’, URS ‘Taura’, and ‘URS 21’ were cultivated in a Latosol with high P content in a greenhouse in 2015. Plants were sampled at physiological maturity and divided into roots, stem, leaves, and grain tissues. Phosphorus content and the dry matter weight of these parts were evaluated and the uptake amount and partitioning of P were estimated. The values of these variables differed across cultivars, except the P content in the grain (‘average’, 4.0g P kg-1). ‘Afrodite’ and ‘FAPA Slava’ have lower requirements and partitioning of P in the grain, but these did not vary among the other cultivars. Requirements and partitioning of P in stem and leaves increased in the following order: ‘Ouro’ and ‘Farroupilha’<‘Taura’ and ‘FAPA Slava’<‘URS 21’<‘Afrodite’, ‘Barbarasul’ and ‘FAEM 007’. Requirement and partitioning of P in roots, stem, leaves, and grain differs across cultivars, which indicates that this factor, besides how the oat is used (such as for grain, pasture, silage, cover crop), can be used to improve maintenance fertilization.

Gibberellic acid and the growth of crop plants

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Morgan ◽  
G. C. Mees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Field trials with gibberellic acid on grass, wheat, potatoes, turnips, carrots, peas, runner beans, lettuce, celery, blackcurrants, kale and maize are described. The effects on plant growth and crop yield were determined.2. The experiments on grassland were carried out between July 1953 and June 1956, and included trials at four different centres. They all gave essentially similar results.3. 2 oz. per acre of gibberellic acid sprayed at 100 gal. per acre stimulated the growth of all components of the swards. The stimulation was most clearly seen in spring and autumn when the natural growth rate was slow. At these times gibberellic acid was able to produce a grazeable growth of grass more rapidly than nitrogenous fertilizers. The stimulation of growth was accompanied by yellowing of the grass, but recovery to a normal green colour was speeded up by applying a nitrogenous fertilizer at the same time as the gibberellic acid spray.4. The dry-matter yields at the first cut following a treatment with gibberellic acid were increased by 0·6–10·8 cwt. per acre. The crude protein yields were also increased by the treatment, but to a relatively smaller degree, and the protein content of the grass was reduced by between ½ and 2%. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium, manganese, copper, aluminium and tin were not altered.

Rhizobial inoculant for iprodione-treated lupin seed: evaluation of an iprodine-resistant Rhizobium lupini

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Evans ◽  
GE O'Connor ◽  
G Griffith ◽  
J Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Rhizobium Lupini ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

Lupin nodulation is reduced when seed of this legume is treated with commercial inoculant (Rhizobium lupini WU425) and the fungicide Rovral (a.i. iprodione). The number of WU425 colonising soil beneath lupin seedlings established without iprodione was greater than where iprodione was used. R. lupini CC606B has greater tolerance of iprodione than WU425; 85% of CC606B survived 15 min in iprodione (Rovral 16 g/L), compared with <1% survival of WU425. CC606B fixed as much nitrogen as WU425 on serradella grown in sand culture, but it nodulated lupin poorly in the field. It was shown that CC606B comprised bacteria that were either positive or negative for nodulation of serradella and lupin. Thus, an isolate of CC606B (CC606B/1), able to form nodules on lupin and serradella and also tolerant of iprodione (Rovral 16 g/L), was selected and compared with WU425 as inoculants of lupin, in field trials with and without iprodione seed treatment. In the treatments without the fungicide, CC606B/1, like its parent, failed to nodulate lupin as extensively as WU425. CC606B/1 was unable to colonise soil beneath lupin crops as well as WU425. With iprodione, nodulation by CC606B/1 was significantly worse than without the fungicide; so the tolerance level of CC606B/1 to iprodione was insufficient. With these treatments it was shown that nodule abundance in late winter was related to the abundance of rhizobia in the soil beneath lupin seedlings in early winter. When there were fewer nodules, less dry matter was produced; but grain yield was not affected by the reductions in nodulation and dry matter. The implications of these changes on N2 fixation and lupin effects on soil N are discussed. Other species and strains of Rhizobium varied in their ability to survive iprodione.

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