scholarly journals Application of the Isolation Forest Algorithm to Substantiate the Uniqueness of Water Bodies in the Group of Karst Lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Karst Lakes ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Entire Lake ◽  
Isolation Forest

Improving the scientific foundations for the development and expansion of the network of specially protected natural areas requires the search for algorithms that could be used to identify unique ecosystems. Algorithmization of the anomaly identification process provides an opportunity not only to process large amounts of data but also leads to obtaining objective and comparable estimates. The purpose of this research is to identify the most optimal mechanisms for identifying anomalous values for the morphometric characteristics of karst lakes, which may indicate the uniqueness of the entire lake ecosystem. Within the framework of this article, the study was carried out based on a mathematical analysis of samples built for various characteristics based on the WORLDLAKE database. Statistical methods and the Isolation Forest (iForest) machine learning algorithm were used as methods of analysis. As a result of applying the iForest algorithm to a sample of morphometric parameters of karst lakes, consisting of 738 objects, 43 anomalous water bodies were identified. An expert assessment of the final set of lakes for the uniqueness of their ecosystems showed that the chosen method for identifying anomalous values is well suited for the task at hand. Many lakes with an anomaly index above 60% can be recognized as unique due to the unusualness of their abiotic characteristics; a number of them also have a peculiar biota. The anomalous objects included such well-known lakes as Tserik-Kol’, Crveno, Salda Lake, Trihonida, Vegoritida, Petron, etc. Moreover, for most of them, anomalies were detected for several parameters at once. Thus, the applied algorithm for identifying anomalous morphometric characteristics of lakes made it possible to obtain interesting samples for further expert analysis of the entire lake ecosystem for its uniqueness.

scholarly journals A Review of the Application of Remote Sensing Data for Abandoned Agricultural Land Identification with Focus on Central and Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Goga ◽  
Ján Feranec ◽  
Tomáš Bucha ◽  
Miloš Rusnák ◽  
Ivan Sačkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Expert Analysis

This study aims to analyze and assess studies published from 1992 to 2019 and listed in the Web of Science (WOS) and Current Contents (CC) databases, and to identify agricultural abandonment by application of remote sensing (RS) optical and microwave data. We selected 73 studies by applying structured queries in a field tag form and Boolean operators in the WOS portal and by expert analysis. An expert assessment yielded the topical picture concerning the definitions and criteria for the identification of abandoned agricultural land (AAL). The analysis also showed the absence of similar field research, which serves not only for validation, but also for understanding the process of agricultural abandonment. The benefit of the fusion of optical and radar data, which supports the application of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, is also evident. Knowledge attained from the literary sources indicated that there exists, in the world literature, a well-covered problem of abandonment identification or biomass estimation, as well as missing works dealing with the assessment of the natural accretion of biomass in AAL.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19): Delayed Consequences for the Prevention of Social Orphanhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
G.V. Semya ◽  
E.S. Garifulina ◽  
N.V. Freik
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Delayed Consequences ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an expert analysis of the impact of the restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia on the situation of families with children and the children, as well as the delayed consequences for the social orphancy system in Russia. The expert assessment is based on the results of sociological surveys of the child protection representatives, their opinion on the impact of the pandemic on the well-being of families with children and children in 9 regions, the analysis of individual organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. The data on the difference in the assessment of the situation of specialists and representatives of the non-profit sector are correlated. Conclusions are drawn about the strengthening of the “medical approach” in assessing the well-being of a child against social and personal needs, the lack of flexibility in organizing the work of the subjects of the orphancy prevention system during restrictive measures, as well as objective limitations of the remote form of providing social services and the unavailability of such services for certain family categories. The research was com- missioned by the Elena and Gennady Timchenko Charitable Foundation.

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Effects On Nitrogren Cycling Processes In Freshwater Aquatic Sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monisa Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Nitrate Availability ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Entire Lake ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Four experiments were designed to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin (cipro) on the function of microbial populations in freshwater environments, specifically on nitrogen cycling. Cipro is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of both human and veterinary pathogenic diseases. Previous studies reported the presence of cipro in aquatic environments. This study investigates whether cipro has adverse effects on environmental bacteria which perform critical ecosystem processes associated with the nitrogen cycle. Microcosms containing sediment and synthetic lake water were amended with a series of environmentally relevant concentrations of cipro ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mg cipro per kg of sediment. Nitrogen cycling processes including nitrification, denitrification and ammonification were measured using a combination of flux measurements (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-), stable isotope techniques ( 15[superscript]N NO₃- dilution) and changes in N₂:Ar and O₂:Ar using Membrane Isotope Mass Spectroscopy (MIMS). Results indicate that cipro has a dose-dependent effect on nitrification, while denitrification is dependent on nitrate availability and may be stimulated by cipro. Ammonification and respiration were not affected at these concentrations. Impacts on nitrification and denitrification are likely to be realized only at the highest concentrations measured in the environment. At the lower end of the environmentally relevant concentration range, observed impacts are not likely to be ecologically important, especially when averaged over an entire lake ecosystem.

scholarly journals Genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Bohumír Janský ◽  
Miroslav Šobr
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Karst Lakes

The paper provides genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. We separate lakes to two groups - natural and anthropogenic origin. The genetic classification is based on the classification of lakes according to the way of origination of the lake basin while the geomorphologic viewpoint prevails: glacial lakes, fluvial lakes, karst lakes, lakes dammed-up by landslides, organogenous lakes and anthropogenic lakes. As the anthropogenic lakes we may regard all the water bodies which originated as a consequence of the human activity - mining of mineral resources.

scholarly journals Forensic Expert Assessment in Economic Expert Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
N.G. Gadzhiev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Kiseleva ◽  
S.A. Konovalenko ◽  
O.B. Skripkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Economic Expert ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Forensic Expert

scholarly journals DEYAKI ASPECTS OTSINKI RESULTS DOSLІDZHENNYA AT THE COURT-EXPERT DІYALNOSTI І VІDOBRAZHENNYA VISNOVKU

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Court Expert

In this article authors touch the problems upon the expert activities, related to the evaluation of the results of the conducted researches and the reflection of these results and the expert’s conclusions regarding the proof of conclusions, analyzing the judicial practice of different countries. Explains the reasons for the different approaches of judicial experts to this part of the methodological and legal requirements and their impact on the judicial process as a whole. The authors present the results of the analysis of forensic practice of their own state. Emphasis in work is placed on the need for proper presentation of the stage of evaluation of research results when drawing up an expert opinion, so, how exactly at this stage the expert analysis is done, on the basis of the fundamental knowledge of scientific identification, diagnosis and proof. Also, the authors suggest ways to address the issues discussed. Key words: expert research, legal process, forensic expert practice, expert assessment, proof, identification.

scholarly journals ECOSYSTEMS STATE OF EASTERN AND WESTERN BASINS OF SAKSKOE LAKE (CRIMEAN REPUBLIC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
V. V. Chaban ◽  
I. I. Rudneva ◽  
N. V., Guskova ◽  
V. G. Shaida
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Eastern Basin ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
Basin Brine ◽  
Resources Exploitation

Sakskoe Lake is the most thoroughly studied water body in Crimea. Its therapeutic mud and brine are exploited by balneological treatment methods. During the two centuries, when the lake was used by humans, it was subdivided into seven water bodies by dams, with two of these bodies (Eastern and Western) being now utilized for medical purposes, and the other five being protective. The Eastern (currently exploited) basin is now used to produce therapeutic mud and brine. The bottoms of the saline basins are covered by sediments: an upper layer of black silt, which is underlain by gray, steel-gray, occasionally bluish silt, which is used as therapeutic mud. The lake is fed by surface and groundwaters. Retaining dams and flood embankments erected in nearby ravines preclude desalination of the lake with flood and rain waters. Seawater is pumped to the lake through channels to preclude its drying. A quay is now actively constructed around the lake and will likely notably affect its hydrological and ecological conditions. The aim of the present study was the comparative analysis of the chemical and physical characteristics of the Eastern and Western basins of the Sakskoe Lake at the period of intensive building activity on their coasts at the summer period of 2019. Brine samples were collected at two tested sites in each of the lakes. Water salinity was measured by a PAL-06S LTA GO (Japan) refractometer and was expressed in ‰. The pH and Eh of the waters and oxygen dissolved in them were determined in the laboratory by an Expert-001 (Econix-Expert Moexa CoLtd, Russia) analyzer, with the use of appropriate Volta (Russia) selective electrodes. Ions concentration was determined spectrophotometrically and by atomic absorption method. Various living stages of Artemia populations in two water bodies were studied according the standard microscopic methods. The obtained results demonstrated, that the total content of the cations in the brine of the Western basin was in 1,5-fold higher as compared with the data of the brine in the Eastern basin (108,4 and 71,2 g/l respectively). The values were directly correlated with the high salinity of the Western basin brine. The identical trend was shown for the anions concentration, which was significantly greatly in the Western basin related to Eastern one (193,14 and 125,41 g/l correspondingly), which was connected with the different hydrogeological conditions of the formation of the ecosystems of the tested water bodies. At the other hand, pH, salinity and Eh of the brine in the Eastern basin were lower than in the brine of the Western basin, while the concentration of dissolved oxygen was higher. In the brine of the Eastern basin of the lake all living stages of Artemia, including cysts, nauplia and adults were found, while in the Western basin only cysts were shown. Therefore, according the obtained results we could suggest, that anthropogenic processes which were taken place on the coasts of the Sakskoe Lake accompanied with the intensive building activity did not influence on the lake ecosystem. The further monitoring studies including the testing of the ions concentrations in the brine of two basins, Artemia populations state are required for the understanding the changes of the both ecosystems and the possible reasons of their changes. It is important for development of the optimization of the management of Sakskoe lake and its resources exploitation.

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